Matrix metalloproteinases-2, -3 and -9 in human term placenta

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent enzymes that degrade the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are known to be the main mediators of human placentation and parturition. Although there are many studies on the roles and distribution of MMPs in human term placenta, so far none of the studies has investigated the distribution of MMP-2, -3 and -9 in different cells of various placental sites. In this study, we aimed to determine the distribution and enzymatic activities of MMP-2, -3 and -9 with regard to different regions of term human placenta, such as amnion, basal plate, chorionic plate, decidua, chorion laeve, Nitabuch's stria, umbilical cord and placental villi. Eighteen normal human term placentas were obtained after vaginal deliveries. Immunohistochemistry and zymography were performed for MMP-2, -3 and -9 on placental tissue sections and protein extracts, respectively. Nearly all tissues showed immunoreactivity for MMPs. The strongest enzymatic activity for MMP-2 was seen in areas where invasive trophoblast cells invaded maternal tissues. MMP-9 had the highest enzymatic activity at the contact region of fetal and maternal parts, suggesting the importance of MMP-9 in separation of the placenta from the uterine wall during labor. MMP-3 had a similar localization to MMP-9, suggesting that besides gelatinases like MMP-2 and -9, MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) may also have important roles during labor. This study describes the site-specific distribution and activities of MMPs and therefore might help in elucidating the molecular mechanisms in pathologies such as premature rupture of membranes.     

Comparison of matrix metalloproteinase expression in normal and cirrhotic human liver

 To study the extend of ongoing tissue remodelling in end-stage cirrhosis, the expression of different matrix metalloproteinases [interstitial collagenase (MMP-1), M_r 72000 gelatinase (MMP-2), stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) and stromelysin-3 (MMP-11)] and of TIMP-1 was studied in 13 cirrhotic livers explanted at transplantation. The results were compared with those obtained in normal liver. Western blot, northern blot, ELISA, RT-PCR and zymogram analysis were used. Proenzymes of stromelysin-1 and -3, interstitial collagenase and M_r 72000 gelatinase were positive in normal liver, while activated enzymes were not detectable in western blot analysis. In cirrhosis proenzyme levels of the studied MMPs were reduced to a mean of 60–70%, but mRNA expression and gelatin-degrading activity increased. TIMP-1 expression was detectable on mRNA level and by ELISA in normal liver and also increased in cirrhosis. Our results show that mRNA expression of certain matrix metalloproteinases is increased in end-stage liver cirrhosis, while the amount of proenzyme is decreased, indicating enhanced MMP proenzyme turnover. These data suggest that besides increased TIMP-1 activity, altered MMP expression may also play a part in fibroproliferation in liver disease. Received: 6 June 1997 / Accepted: 1 September 1997     

Matrix metallproteinases and TIMP-1 localization at sites of osteogenesis in the craniofacial region of the rabbit embryo

Background: The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of closely related enzymes, the principal members being the collagenases, gelatinases, and stromelysins. They are synthesized and secreted by connective tissue cells and are capable of degrading all the components of connective tissue matrices at physiological pH. Methods: Patterns of synthesis and distribution of MMPs and their inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), are documented in the craniofacial region at sites of bone formation during both intramembranous (e.g., calvaria, maxilla, and mandible) and endochondral ossification (e.g., cartilaginous cranial base and synchondroses) using indirect immunolocalization. Results: MMPs and TIMP-1 were detected both as bright intracellular accumulations, indicating active synthesis, and as diffuse matrix-bound extracellular deposits. Gelatinase-A had an extensive distribution in osteogenic tissues and was detected both in cells of the periosteum and spongiosum and as extracellular deposits in the osteoid layer of newly formed bone. In addition, gelatinase-AB synthesis was detected in osteoclasts. All regions of the early cartilaginous cranial base produced MMPs and TIMP-1 were also documented in early tooth germs and in Meckel's cartilage. Conclusions: These data document a prominent role for MMPs, and in particular gelatinase-A, in mediating matrix degradation during osteogenesis. Their detection in tooth germs and Meckel's cartilage further indicates a role for MMPs and TIMP-1 in matrix turnover during morphogenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

11-羰基-β-乙酰乳香酸（AKBA）调节基质金属蛋白酶-1,-2,-9的活性(英文)

目的：降低创面的高MMPs活性是治疗慢性皮肤溃疡的新途径。本研究主要观察11-羰基-β-乙酰乳香酸（AKBA,中药乳香的一种活性成分）对MMP-1、MMP-2和MMP-9活性的调节作用。方法： 人间质胶原酶（MMP-1）或者明胶酶A（MMP-2）被醋酸氨基苯汞（p-aminophenylmercuric acetate, APMA)激活后,与不同浓度的AKBA共同孵育1h,通过底物裂解法观察其活性的改变。MMP-9在中性粒细胞（polymorphonuclear neutrophils,PMNs)中含量丰富,因此以大鼠腹腔PMN作为MMP-9的来源。PMN裂解产物与不同浓度的AKBA共同孵育1 h,通过明胶酶谱法观察其中MMP-9活性的改变。我们建立了3个细胞模型：由TNF-α活化的人皮肤成纤维细胞模型;PMA活化的THP-1细胞模型和成纤维细胞-THP-1共培养细胞模型。AKBA与这3个细胞模型共同孵育24 h后,用ELISA法检测细胞上清中MMP-1、MMP-2和MMP-9的含量,用明胶酶谱法检测细胞上清中 MMP-2、MMP-9的活性。结果： AKBA在0.1-0.8 mmol/L浓度范围内对MMP-1、MMP-2的活性有抑制作用,IC50分别为0.18 mmol/L和0.27 mmol/L;在0.05-0.85mmol/L浓度范围内对MMP-9活性表现出不同程度的抑制作用（P<0.01）,其抑制作用呈浓度依赖性。AKBA促进成纤维细胞分泌MMP-2,但是,对THP-1细胞分泌MMP-9表现出抑制作用。在共培养细胞模型中,AKBA对MMP-1、MMP-2和MMP-9的分泌均表现出抑制作用。结论： AKBA作为乳香的一种活性成分,它对MMPs活性的直接抑制作用和对MMPs分泌的抑制作用可能是中药乳香治疗慢性皮肤溃疡的机制之一。     

Expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in serum,core needle biopsies and tissue specimens of prostate cancer patients

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and second in the cancer-related frequency of mortality. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in tumor invasion and metastasis in various malignancies. MMP-2 and MMP-9 are capable of digesting collagen type IV. Numerous studies have demonstrated an association between increased MMP-2 and -9 expression and tumor progression in various tumors. In this study, the expression and activities of MMP-2 and -9 were assessed in serum probes and tumor tissue from core needle biopsies and radical prostatectomies of 97 patients. MMP-2 and -9 serum expression was analyzed in a subgroup of 31 patients. MMP-9 serum expression was significantly increased in tumor patients and correlated with tumor grade. In contrast, the MMP-9 tissue expression and activity revealed no significant correlations to tumor stage or grade. The MMP-2 activity, however, showed a positive correlation for MMP-2 with tumor stage. Increased activity was predominantly detected in advanced tumor stages. Immunohistochemical analysis of MMP-2 expression demonstrated a positive association with tumor grade in prostatectomy specimens. The relative expression rates in biopsies matched in 65% with those of the prostatectomies. Detection of MMP-2 in core needle biopsies seems not to be a helpful marker for diagnostic purposes.     

Eutopic endometrium and peritoneal,ovarian and bowel endometriotic tissues express a different profile of matrix metalloproteinases-2, -3 and -11, and of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases-1 and -2

Endometriosis is subsequent to the ability of endometrial glands to invade normal tissues. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)—enzymes that mediate normal tissue turnover, including endometrial breakdown during menstruation—appear to be involved in this invasive process. Here, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-11, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 in endometrium from women with (n=9) or without endometriosis (n=18) in comparison with peritoneal (n=20), ovarian (n=20) and colorectal endometriosis (n=20). Women with endometriosis showed decreased endometrial MMP-2 expression compared with women without endometriosis (mean±SD positive cells: 24.3±28.3% and 69.3±12.1%), together with loss of MMP-3 expression (0 versus 17.5%±20.2). MMP-11, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression was similar in the two groups. Endometrial MMP-2, -3 and -11 expression and TIMP-1 and -2 expression were similar in women with endometriosis and in those with peritoneal endometriosis. MMP-2, -3 and -11 expression was higher in colorectal endometriosis than in ovarian and peritoneal endometriosis. TIMP-2 expression was lower in colorectal endometriosis (P=0.0002) and ovarian endometriotic cysts (P=0.003) than in peritoneal endometriosis. TIMP-1 expression did not vary according to the location of endometriotic lesions. These results suggest that MMP-2 and -3 and TIMP-2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Interestingly, MMP-2 and -3 overexpression was related to the infiltrative nature of endometriotic lesions, with possible sequential expression from peritoneal to colorectal endometriosis.     

MMP-1、MMP-2在盆底器官脱垂疾病患者阴道组织中的表达及意义

 目的 研究基质金属蛋白酶MMP-1、MMP-2在盆底器官脱垂患者阴道组织中的表达情况,从而探讨基质金属蛋白酶与女性盆底障碍性疾病( PFD) 的关系。方法 选择我院妇产科收治的盆底器官脱垂患者20例为研究组,20例非盆底器官功能障碍患者作为对照。RT-PCR方法检测不同组MMP-1mRNA 的表达情况,明胶底物酶方法测定阴道前壁组织中MMP-1、MMP-2的表达。结果 脱垂患者阴道组织中MMP-1的表达明显增加,但是两组患者阴道壁组织中MMP-2的表达没有明显差别,而MMP-2前体在脱垂患者阴道壁组织中表达明显增加。结论 MMP-1使盆底组织胶原代谢分解增加,增加的MMP-1表达与盆底器官脱垂有关。     

Comparison of the prognostic value of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in cutaneous melanoma

Previously, gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 have been shown to be involved in melanoma invasion and progression. Also, overexpression of MMP-2 has been suggested to be linked to hematogenous metastasis in melanoma. This study was conducted to study the prognostic value of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human melanoma. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 immunoreactive protein was evaluated in 157 cases of primary melanomas. An immunohistochemical analysis using specific monoclonal antibodies for MMP-2 and MMP-9 on paraffin-embedded tissues was performed, and the immunostaining results were compared with the clinical course of melanoma. Overexpression of MMP-2 (>20% of malignant cells positive) was an independent prognostic marker for melanoma related death, with odds ratio of 2.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.32-5.07). The 10-year disease-specific survival rate was only 51% in patients with overexpression of MMP-2 protein compared with 79% in patients with a primary melanoma with low expression for MMP-2 (P = .001). Interestingly, male patients with a melanoma with overexpression of MMP-2 showed a 10-year disease-specific survival of only 41% compared with 77% in other male patients (P = .003). It is notable that the immunoreactive protein for MMP-9 in primary melanoma was not found to be of any prognostic importance. In the future, MMP-2 could be acknowledged as a new prognostic factor in melanoma. MMP-9, on the other hand, was not associated with the clinical course of melanoma. Based on the current data, MMP-2 could be evaluated as an inclusion factor for adjuvant studies especially in male melanoma patients.     

Matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -3 are reduced in cerebrospinal fluid with low beta-amyloid1–42 levels

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of extracellular soluble or membrane bound endopeptidases, are implicated in many physiological and pathophysiological functions—based on their capability to cleave all protein components of the extracellular matrix. Recent studies have implicated several forms of MMPs in chronic neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of the present study was to analyse eight MMPs (MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -9, -10, -13) in the human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and to correlate with the well established biomarkers beta-amyloid_1–42 (Aβ), total-tau and phospho-tau-181. Our data show a significant decrease of MMP-2 and MMP-3 levels in the CSF in samples with significantly reduced Aβ levels. It is concluded that MMP-2 and MMP-3 are directly linked to Aβ in the brain and a dysfunction may influence the processing of Aβ.     

A prognostic index in skin melanoma through the combination of matrix metalloproteinase-2, Ki67, and p53

The objective of this immunohistochemical study was to explore the roles of Ki67 and p53 in conjunction with matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 in a series of 157 cases of skin melanomas. Elevated Ki67 expression and positive staining for p53 correlated to the propensity to metastasize (P = .016) and to declined disease-specific survival, as well as to shortened recurrence-free survival. In patients with a high immunoreaction for Ki67, the 10-year disease-specific survival was 39% compared with 73% in patients with a low Ki67 expression (P = .03). In cases with a positive p53 expression in melanoma cells, the 10-year disease-specific survival was 59% compared with 76% in patients with a negative immunoreaction for p53 (P = .005). Overexpression of the matrix metalloproteinase 2 protein in conjunction with overexpression of Ki67 characterized melanomas with high metastatic potential and was associated with declined survival with a 10-year disease-specific survival of 33% compared with 85% in the cases with low matrix metalloproteinase-2 and low Ki-67 levels (P = .002). Similarly, in cases with overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and a positive immunoreaction for p53, the 10-year disease-specific survival was only 42% compared with 80% in patients with matrix metalloproteinase-2 less than 20% and a negative immunostaining for p53 (P < .001). The presence of all 3 adverse prognostic factors was prognostically more significant than any marker alone with a 10-year survival of only 28%. This combination of determining matrix metalloproteinase 2, Ki67, and p53 immunoreactive proteins could be beneficial in the selection of high-risk melanoma patients for future adjuvant trials.     

内皮抑素和多西环素抑制黑色素瘤浸润转移相关蛋白表达的研究

目的 研究内皮抑素和多西环素对黑色素瘤生长及肿瘤细胞基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、-2（MMP-2）及基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子（TIMP-2）表达水平的影响。方法 C57／BL6小鼠57只,建立小鼠B16黑色素瘤动物模型,分多西环素组、多西环素加内皮抑素组,内皮抑素组和对照组4组,给予内皮抑素和多西环素处理,比较肿瘤的体积大小及生长速度,免疫组织化学染色检测肿瘤组织MMP-9、MMP-2及TIMP-2的表达。结果多西环素组、多西环素加内皮抑素组和内皮抑素组肿瘤均较对照组生长缓慢（F=4．32,P＜0．05）,其中多西环素组、多西环素加内皮抑素组和对照组之间肿瘤平均生长体积差异有统计学意义（t=2．40,t：2．58;P＜0．05）。MMP-2、MMP-9和TIMP-2在各处理组的表达与在对照组的表达之间差异均有统计学意义（F=12．79,F=5．56,F=4．64;P＜0．05）。结论 多西环素和内皮抑素联合使用,影响肿瘤组织MMPs及其抑制剂的表达,明显抑制黑色素瘤生长和局部浸润转移。     

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -9; tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -2; cathepsin B; urokinase plasminogen activator; and plasminogen activator inhibitor, type I in skull base chordoma

Little is known about proteinase expression in skull base chordoma, a rare bone tumor exhibiting local invasiveness. Using immunohistochemical techniques, we investigated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, -2, and -9; tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs)-1 and -2; cathepsin B (CatB); urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA); and plasminogen activator inhibitor, type I (PAI1), in 45 patients with skull base chordoma (45 primary and 25 autologous recurrent lesions). We compared these data with clinicopathologic parameters and the expression of cell differentiation markers. MMP-1, MMP-2, TIMP-1, CatB, uPA, and PAI1 were frequently expressed, and there was a significant correlation in the expression of some proteinases. Immunoreactivity for MMP-1, MMP-2, CatB, and uPA was significantly higher in lesions exhibiting tumor infiltration of host bone than in those without such components. Expression of MMP-1, TIMP-1, CatB, and uPA was associated with that of low-molecular-weight cytokeratin (CAM5.2). There were no differences in proteinase expression in 25 pairs of primary and their recurrent lesions, and proteinase expression did not predict local recurrences. However, patients with higher expression of both MMP-1 and uPA showed worse prognosis compared with the others. In conclusion, expression of some proteinases correlated with CAM5.2 expression and seemed to play an important role in a synergistic manner in the invasion process in skull base chordoma. The authors believe that elevated expression of MMP-1 and uPA can be used to identify patients with a worse prognosis in skull base chordoma.     

MMP-2、MT-MMP-2在实验性肝纤维化形成和逆转过程中表达的动态研究

目的 探讨基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、膜型基质金属蛋白酶-2(MT-MMP-2)在实验性肝纤维化形成和逆转过程中的动态表达及意义。方法 建立大鼠实验性CCL中毒性肝纤维化模型，以正常大鼠为对照。采用核酸原位杂交和免疫组化法检测了实验性肝纤维化形成和自然逆转过程中MMP-2、MT-MMP-2 mRNA及相关抗原的来源细胞、时序和量的变化。结果 MMP-2、MT-MMP-2 mRNA及相关抗原在间质细胞和部分肝细胞中表达，以纤维间隔及汇管区最为明显。在肝纤维化形成过程中，MMP-2、MT-MMP-2表达逐渐增强；逆转过程中，MMP-2、MT-MMP-2表达先增强后减弱。结论 MT-MMP-2在肝脏中表达，肝脏间质细胞是MMP-2、MT-MMP-2的主要来源细胞，MMP-2、MT-MMP-2基因和蛋白表达水平与肝纤维化程度密切相关，在肝纤维化形成和逆转过程中起重要作用。     

Comparative studies of collagenase and stromelysin-1 expression by rheumatoid synoviocytes in vitro

Matrix metalloproteinases such as collagenase and stromelysin are recognised as important cartilage-degrading enzymes in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Synovial fibroblasts and macrophages are the major cellular components of rheumatoid synovium, but the regulation and relative expression of collagenase and stromelysin by these two cell types remains uncertain. Using in vitro cultures of adherent rheumatoid synovial cells we have examined the coordinate or separate expression of collagenase and stromelysin-1 by dual immunolocalisation and Western blotting techniques. Synovial fibroblasts, when activated by macrophage-derived products in primary culture or by interleukin-1/phorbol myristate acetate in subcultures, released significant quantities of collagenase and stromelysin in their inactive, precursor forms. The ratio of released procollagenase: prostromelysin varied between different synovial cell preparations. Dual immunolocalisation studies demonstrated both coordinate and separate expression of the two enzymes by single cells. Approximately 80% of the activated fibroblasts, especially those with stellate morphology, showed co-expression of both enzymes. By contrast synovial macrophages had a modest or negligible capacity to elaborate either enzyme under the same in vitro conditions. In many fibroblastic cells both collagenase and stromelysin were co-localised to the perinuclear Golgi region and the same cytoplasmic compartments. Vesicular structures appear to provide intracellular transport for both enzymes to sites of secretion. Both enzymes showed preferential pericellular binding to a collagenous substratum rather than any association with the plasma membrane/cell surface.     

Significance of the small subtelomeric area of chromosome 1 (1p36.3) in the progression of malignant melanoma: FISH deletion screening with YAC DNA probes

The short arm of chromosome 1 (1p), especially the subtelomeric region of 1p36, is a common site for abnormalities in malignant melanoma of the skin. In a recent study nodular melanomas displayed deletions of 1p36 in an augmented percentage of cases. To evaluate the dimension of these deletions and to study their significance for the progression of malignant melanoma we analyzed seven melanoma cell lines, 32 primary tumors, and 32 metastatic tumors by fluorescence in situ hybridization with the DNA probe D1Z2 in 1p36.3 and eight YAC DNA probes hybridizing to 1p36, 1p32, 1p31, and 1p21. All cell lines, 91% of the metastatic tumors and 63% of nodular melanomas showed a deletion of 1p36.3. In the YAC hybridization experiments, the most frequent deletions were found in 1p36 in all cell lines, in 13% of nodular melanoma, and in 44% of metastatic tumors. Deletions in 1p36 were mostly confined to a rather small area near the locus D1Z2. The frequent occurrence of this deletion in melanomas with a high metastatic potential and the abundant accumulation of this deletion in metastasis point to genes located on 1p36, which might be of significance for the metastatic capability of malignant melanoma. Received: 8 February 1999 / Accepted: 15 April 1999     

Expression and prognostic role of MMP2, MMP9, MMP13, and MMP14 matrix metalloproteinases in sinonasal and oral malignant melanomas

Sinonasal and oral malignant melanomas are rare malignancies accounting for less than 2% of all melanomas. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes required for extracellular matrix degradation in a variety of physiological and pathologic processes including wound healing, embryogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastases. We studied the correlation between expression of MMPs, nucleolar diameter of melanoma cells, different clinical and histologic parameters, and patient's outcome. Seventeen cases of sinonasal and oral malignant melanoma were studied. The expression of MMP2, MMP9, MMP13, and MMP14 was assessed immunohistochemically on paraffinized sections and measured by computer morphometry as well as silver-stained nucleolar diameter. A significant correlation was found between MMP2 and MMP14 expression and patient's outcome. Greater overall survival was seen in patients with average MMP2 expression less than 8000 microm(2)/x20 high-power field (P = .016). In patients with negative MMP14 staining, survival rate by the end of the follow-up was 38% compared with patients with positive MMP14 staining where survival rate was 0 (P = .03). A correlation with age at onset was also found; patients younger than 66 years had better overall survival rates than patients aged 66 years or older (P = .03). The maximal nucleolar diameter (MaxND) was another parameter that significantly correlated with clinical outcome. Patients with MaxND of 8 microm or larger showed a significant worse prognosis compared with the group with MaxND less than 8 microm (P = .0009). Our pilot study demonstrates that MMP2, MMP14, MMP9, and MaxND might be used as prognostic markers in patients with sinonasal and oral malignant melanoma.     

The role of matrix metalloproteinases-2, -7 and -9 and beta-catenin in high grade endometrial carcinoma

AIMS: To determine the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2, -7 and -9 and beta-catenin in uterine serous carcinoma (USC) and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) and to investigate any difference in expression between EEC and USC which might explain the mechanism of invasion and aggressive behaviour of USC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Tissue microarrays were created from the viable central part and from the invasive edge of 20 cases of grade 3 EEC and 73 cases of USC. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies to MMPs-2, -7 and -9 and beta-catenin. MMPs-2, -7 and -9 and beta-catenin were present in both tumour types; there was significantly higher expression of MMPs-2 and -9 in EEC compared with USC and significantly increased expression of MMPs-2 and -9 by carcinoma cells at the invasive edge of USC. CONCLUSIONS: MMPs-2, -7 and -9 and beta-catenin are present in EEC and USC. The increased expression of MMPs-2 and -9 by carcinoma cells at the invasive edge of USC is possibly due to increased binding of MMPs secreted by the stromal cells to carcinoma cells, thus equipping the USC carcinoma cells with proteases for invasion.     

胃癌MT1-MMP、RECK蛋白的表达及其意义

目的探讨胃癌组织中膜型基质金属蛋白酶一1（MT1一MMP）和RECK蛋白表达状况和两者之间的关系,及其表达与胃癌临床诊断之间的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学法（两步法）对胃癌切除标本进行研究。结果在44例胃癌标本中,有37（84．1％）例MT1-MMP表达呈阳性反应,31（70．5％）例RECK免疫组化为阳性。MT1-MMP表达与胃癌分化具有一定的关系,低分化组织标本中,MT1一MMP表达较多,而中、高分化组织标本中,MT1-MMP表达相对较弱,具有统计学意义（P=0．015）。胃癌中MT1-MMP表达与肿瘤细胞浸润深度相关（P=0．007）。但MT1-MMP表达与性别以及有无淋巴结转移之间未见统计学差异。与此相反,在胃癌标本中,高分化标本中RECK蛋白表达相对较多,中分化标本其次,在低分化标本中表达较少。RECK表达与肿瘤分化具有统计学意义（P：0．006）。RECK表达与性别、肿瘤细胞浸润深度以及有无淋巴结转移无关,且与MT1-MMP表达之间亦无统计学意义。结论MT1-MMP过表达在胃癌分化、转移中发挥着重要的作用,而RECK的表达有益于胃癌向高分化发展。     

MMP-13 (collagenase 3) localization in human temporomandibular joint discs with internal derangement

The normal articular disc of the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) consists of regularly arranged collagen fibers and fibroblast-like cells. Disc tissue is subjected to various types of loading. Adaptive remodelling entails microscopic changes in which different types of collagen and non-collagen proteins, as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are involved. Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) seems to play a key role. The aim of the study was to evaluate its involvement in TMJ disc histopathology. We studied 10 discs from patients with arthropathy of the TMJ. Paraffin wax-embedded sections were processed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. A well-characterized mouse monoclonal anti-MMP-13 antibody (anti-collagenase 3) was used. The results showed increased MMP-13 immunoreactivity in TMJ diseased disc tissue was correlated with the severity of the histopathological changes. The more severe the pathological changes, the greater the number of immunolabelled cells detected. Nearly all chondrocyte-like cells were immunopositive, whereas fibroblast-like cells and fibrochondrocytes were more rarely labelled. MMP-13 upregulation in disc tissue from patients with TMJ internal derangement suggests that MMP-13 is involved in disc histopathology, and that disc cells actively participate in the synthesis of extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases.     

活性氧对平滑肌细胞合成基质金属蛋白酶-1, 3及其抑制物的影响

目的:探讨活性氧(ROS)对血管平滑肌细胞合成基质金属蛋白酶-1,3(MMP-1,3)和基质金属蛋白酶抑制物-1(TIMP-1)的影响,从而推测其是否促进动脉粥样硬化斑块的破裂。方法:体外培养胎儿主动脉平滑肌细胞,加入含100μmol/L黄嘌呤,5U/L黄嘌呤氧化酶的无血清培养液,孵育24h,收集细胞上清液。用Westernblotting方法检测浓缩后的细胞上清液中MMP-1,3和TIMP-1的含量。结果:黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶组细胞上清液中的MMP-1含量明显少于正常对照组,并且转化成活性形式;MMP-3的含量明显多于正常对照组,并且转化成活性形式;TIMP-1的含量明显少于正常对照组。结论:ROS对MMPs-TIMPs平衡的影响很复杂,可能对动脉粥样硬化斑块的破裂起一定作用。