腰神经根鞘膜切开减压在重症腰神经卡压症术中的应用

目的探讨重症腰神经卡压症术中行神经根鞘膜切开减压的方法和临床效果。方法选择术前有严重肢端麻木和剧烈根性疼痛的腰神经卡压症46例,行神经外压迫解除后切开神经根鞘膜减压。结果22例术后24h内症状完全消失,24例术后15d内症状完全消失,平均治愈时间为6d。结论神经外压迫解除后切开神经鞘膜减压能显著缓解重症腰神经卡压症状,加速神经功能恢复。     

下腰段脊神经根鞘膜切开减压术的评价

目的：腰椎间盘突出症手术治疗大多数效果优良，术后腰腿痛症状很快解除，而患足（趾）麻木却迁延很长一段时间。本文旨在观察脊神经根鞘膜切开减压对缓解病人术后患足（趾）麻木的效果。方法：选择５０例腰椎间盘突出症术前患足麻木症状重，术中见受累神经根明显增粗者，在行髓核切除的同时，将增粗的脊神经鞘膜切开。手术要点是用神经拉钩将神经根挑起，在其后外侧做全长的纵行切开，直至露出其下成束的神经纤维。并与术前麻木重，术中见神经根增粗而未做鞘膜切开的２０例做比较。结果：切开减压的５０例术后麻木症状完全消失时间平均为５．２（０～９）天。对照组的２０例平均为４（２～７）个月。结论：脊神经根鞘膜切开减压，能迅速缓解腰椎间盘突出症病人术后患足（趾）的麻木症状。     

显微松解术治疗腰椎间盘术后硬膜神经根挫伤与瘢痕粘连

[目的]探讨采用显微松解术治疗腰椎间盘术后硬膜、神经根挫伤与瘢痕粘连并伴有严重肢端麻木和剧烈的根性疼痛的临床效果.[方法]34例腰椎后路椎间盘切除术后再次入院患者,在手术显微镜下,切除硬膜背侧的瘢痕恢复硬膜囊的波动,对于硬膜有瘢痕组织粘连并有挛缩的,行减张切开或将挛缩的硬脊膜切除,同时行瘢痕段神经根鞘膜切开.[结果]22例在24 h内肢端麻木和根性疼痛症状完全消失,10例15 d内症状基本消失,平均时间为6.88 d.[结论]采用显微外科技术对腰椎间盘术后有硬膜及神经根挫伤、粘连并伴有严重肢端麻木和剧烈的根性疼痛的患者行硬膜、神经根挫伤与瘢痕粘连松解,初步临床观察效果良好.     

脊神经根鞘膜切开减压术对小腿皮肤麻木恢复的临床观察

腰椎间盘突出症患者常伴有相应神经根支配部位皮肤感 觉减退、麻木,甚至有肌力降低的症状。我院自1997年5月～ 2002年5月,对部分腰椎间盘突出症患者伴小腿皮肤麻木明显 的病例,手术时在摘除髓核的基础上行神经根鞘膜切开减压 术,与未行鞘膜切开减压进行对比观察,发现行鞘膜切开减压 患者皮肤麻木消失非常快,疗效明显高于未行神经根鞘膜切开 减压者,现报告如下。 临床资料 1.一般资料:本组98例,其中59例患者行神经根鞘膜切 开术(治疗组),另外39例未行神经根鞘膜切开(对照组)。治 疗组中:L4、5突出3…     

下腰段脊神经根鞘膜切开减压术的疗效观察

目的　评价鞘膜切开减压术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果。方法　对 5 5例腰椎间盘突出症患者行腰神经根鞘膜切开减压术 ,与同期单纯髓核摘除术的 4 6例对照 ,随访两组病人患肢麻木缓解及肌力恢复情况 ,随访时间平均 1年。结果　神经根鞘膜切开减压组的下肢麻木消失及肌力恢复较快。结论　对腰椎间盘突出症患者术前患肢麻木明显或肌力明显减退 ,病程较长反复发作 ,术中见神经根粘连严重 ,明显水肿 ,颜色苍白或瘀血 ,增粗变硬者 ,应常规行神经鞘膜切开减压     

腰骶脊神经根鞘膜切开减压术的疗效分析

目的：观察脊神经根鞘膜切开减压术对改善腰椎间盘突出症患者下腰麻木及肌力减弱的疗效。方法：选择３８例腰椎间盘突出症术前下腰麻木重、伸拇（趾）肌力减弱明显,术中见受累神经根增粗者,在行间盘摘除和／或神经根管扩大同时,将神经根鞘膜切开减压,术中呈纵行切开鞘膜,长度约２．５ｃｍ左右,减压后即可见神经纤维组织经切开处膨出。并将其与同期同样病情而未做神经根鞘膜切开减压的１５例做比较。结果：经切开减压的３８例病     

下腰段脊神经鞘膜切开减压临床应用

目的　探讨下腰段脊神经根鞘膜切开减压对缓解术后患足 (趾 )麻木、迟发性神经疼痛的影响及此手术方式的临床可行性。方法　对 113例术前患趾麻木较重 ,术中见神经根直径增粗的患者随机分组。实验组在行髓核摘除、侧隐窝扩大的同时再行脊神经根鞘膜后外侧纵行切开减压 ,对照组仅行髓核摘除、侧隐窝扩大松解神经根。结果　实验组术后麻木缓解时间 3～ 9d,平均 (4 .90± 1.89) d,迟发性神经源性疼痛 3例 ,占 5 % ;对照组麻木消失时间 6 0～190 d,平均 (12 4 .5± 5 4 .88) d,迟发性神经源性疼痛 10例 ,占 19%。两组手术时间无明显区别。结论　脊神经根鞘膜切开减压能迅速缓解病人患足 (趾 )麻木症状 ,有很好的临床可行性     

神经根鞘膜切开减压对腰椎间盘突出症术后神经功能恢复效果的探讨

目的：观察神经根鞘膜切开减压对促进腰椎间盘突出症术后神经功能恢复的效果。方法：自１９９２年４月～１９９７年４月对２６例腰椎间盘突出症病人行间盘切除的同时,将增粗的神经根鞘膜切开减压,并与同期３０例作比较。２组病人术前除腰腿疼痛外,患肢麻木症状重或伴趾背伸肌力减弱,术中均有神经根明显增粗,苍白表现。切开组自神经根出口０５ｃｍ向远侧切开鞘膜,长度约１ｃｍ左右,见神经纤维明显膨出。结果：切开组术后患肢麻木及趾背伸肌力恢复快,２组在术后２周及半年存在显著差异（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：神经根鞘膜切开减压,能迅速促进腰椎间盘突出症病人术后神经功能的恢复。     

神经根鞘膜切开减压对腰椎间盘突出症术后神经功能恢复效果

目的：观察神经根鞘膜切开减压对促进腰椎间盘突出症术后神经功能恢复的效果。方法：自１９９２年４月～１９９７年４月对２６例腰椎 间盘突出症病人行间盘切除的同时,将增粗的神经根鞘膜切开减压,并与同期３０例作比较。２组病人术前除腰腿疼痛外,患肢麻木症状重右伴趾背伸肌力减弱,订中均有神经根明显增粗,苍白表现。切开线自神经根出ｃｍ向远侧切开鞘膜,长度约１ｃｍ左右,风神经纤维明显膨出。结果：切七组术后患肢麻木及     

中老年腰椎间盘突出症髓核摘除术后高复发原因分析

目的分析中老年腰椎间盘突出症开窗减压髓核摘除术治疗后高复发原因。方法124例中老年腰椎间盘突出症在患侧上下椎板间小矩形开窗减压并行黄韧带切除、扩大侧隐窝、神经根管,髓核摘除。结果102例腰腿疼痛、下肢麻木症状消失,腰腿肌力恢复正常。39例腰腿疼痛麻木症状好转后术后1个月到2年再次出现腰腿疼痛麻木症状,且症状较重,需要再次行手术治疗。结论中老年椎间盘突出症采用小开窗减压髓核摘除术治疗不适宜,术后复发率高。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.