β1肾上腺素能受体Gly 389Arg多态性与原发性高血压的关系

目的:探讨汉族人群β1肾上腺素能受体Gly 389Arg多态性与原发性高血压的关系. 方法:采用聚合酶链反应-限制性长度片段多态性技术分析原发性高血压患者和正常人群β1肾上腺素能受体Gly 389Arg多态性.结果:高血压组Arg/Arg,Arg/Gly,Gly/Gly基因型频率分别为59.06%、35.09%、5.85%,正常对照组分别为43.55%、45.97%、10.48%;两组间三种基因型频率分布有统计学差异(x2=7.420,P＜0.05);高血压组Arg等位基因频率为76.61%,Gly等位基因频率为23.39%,正常对照组分别为66.53%、33.47%,两组间等位基因频率分布存在统计学差异(x2=7.299,P＜0.05);高血压组Arg纯合子基因型频率和Arg等位基因频率均明显高于对照组. 结论:β1肾上腺素能受体Gly 389Arg多态性可能与原发性高血压发病有关.     

β2肾上腺素受体Arg16Gly基因多态性与原发性高血压的相关性研究

目的:研究河北地区汉族人β2肾上腺素受体(β2-Adrenergic Receptor, β2-AR)Arg16Gly基因多态性与原发性高血压(EH)的关系.方法:选择514例EH患者及550例正常人,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)分析β2-AR Arg16Gly基因型.结果:EH组β2-AR Arg16Arg,Arg16Gly,Gly16Gly基因型频率分别为21.3%、54.8%和23.9%,正常对照组分别为28.2%、68.2%和3.6%,2组间3种基因型频率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).EH组β2-AR Arg16等位基因频率为51.8%,Gly16等位基因频率为48.2%;正常对照组分别为63.9%和36.1%,2组间等位基因频率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:β2-AR Arg16Gly多态性Gly等位基因可能是EH的遗传易感基因.     

β1肾上腺素能受体Ser49Gly多态性与原发性高血压的关系

目的探讨汉族人群β1肾上腺素能受体多态性与原发性高血压的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制酶片段长度多态性（PCR-SLFP）技术分析高血压病患者和正常对照组β1肾上腺素能受体（β1-AR）Ser49Gly多态性。结果高血压组Set49等位基因频率为86．6％，Gly49等位基因频率为13．4％，对照组分别为89．7％和10．3％，两组等位基因频率分布比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）；高血压组Ser／Ser基因型占64．3％，Ser／Gly基因型占26．7％，Gly／Gly基因型占0％，对照组分别为80．1％、19．2％和0．6％，两组基因型频率分布比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论β1-AR Ser49Gly多态性可能与本研究群体的高血压病无关。     

新疆维吾尔族人β2肾上腺素能受体基因多态性与原发性高血压的相关性

目的探讨β₂肾上腺素能受体（β₂-AR）基因Arg16Gly和Gln27Glu多态性在新疆维吾尔族人原发性高血压（EH）发病中的作用。方法应用TaqMan技术检测了367例新疆维吾尔族EH患者及408例正常血压对照者Arg16Gly和Gln27Glu多态性。结果 Arg16Gly和Gln27Glu多态性在新疆维吾尔族群体中分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡;Arg16GlyGG、AG、AA基因型频率和Gln27GluGG、CG和CC基因型频率在EH组和正常血压组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。EH组和正常血压组间Arg16Gly及Gln27Glu位点的G等位基因频率分别为46.0%、42.5%和22.3%、24.5%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论β₂-AR基因Arg16Gly和Gln27Glu多态位点可能不是新疆维吾尔族人群原发性高血压的遗传易感指标。     

β1肾上腺素能受体基因多态性及其甲基化修饰对美托洛尔降压疗效的影响

目的研究β1肾上腺素能受体基因多态性及其甲基化修饰对美托洛尔降压疗效的影响。方法入选300例高血压病患者,给予相同剂量美托洛尔降压治疗,同时用聚合酶链反应限制片长多态性法检测其基因型,比较不同基因型高血压患者血压下降水平;用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应法检测相同基因型高血压患者和正常血压者β1肾上腺素能受体基因甲基化修饰情况。结果美托洛尔治疗后,Arg389Arg型患者舒张压较Gly389Arg型和Gly389Gly型患者明显下降(降幅8.0%±1.3%比4.0%±1.5%和3.0%±1.1%,P<0.05);三种基因型患者收缩压下降幅度差异无显著性。所有研究对象外周血中β1肾上腺素能受体基因均存在甲基化修饰。结论β1肾上腺素能受体的Gly389Arg基因多态性与美托洛尔降压疗效相关;外周血β1肾上腺素能受体基因甲基化修饰未发现与美托洛尔降压疗效相关。     

β2肾上腺素能受体基因Arg16Gly和Gln27Glu多态性与高海拔地区藏族人群原发性高血压的相关性研究

目的 :检测高海拔地区藏族人群β2肾上腺素能受体(β2-AR)基因Argl6Gly和Gln27Glu多态性,并研究其与原发性高血压的相关性。方法:选择原发性高血压患者(原发性高血压组)385例及正常对照(对照组)297例为研究对象,通过SNa Pshot微测序技术测定其基因型和等位基因,对在两组人群中的频率分布进行对比。结果 :β2-AR基因Argl6Gly和Gln27Glu多态性的基因型和等位基因频率原发性高血压组和对照组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),进一步进行不同性别人群间的对比分析,差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:未观察到β2-AR基因Argl6Gly和Gln27Glu多态性与高海拔地区藏族人群原发性高血压的相关性。     

比索洛尔治疗心力衰竭疗效和β1受体多态性的相关性研究

目的 探讨β1受体(Arg389Gly)基因多态性和靶剂量比索洛尔治疗慢性心力衰竭(心衰)疗效的相关性,预测心衰的预后.方法 110例心衰患者,靶剂量比索洛尔治疗3个月后作β1受体Arg389Gly多态性测定,将患者分成CC组(Arg389Arg)、CG组(Arg389Gly)、GG组(Gly389Gly),观察治疗前后各项心功能指标变化的组间差异.另选取100例正常健康人群,比较正常人群和心衰患者之间基因型频率.结果 本试验测定的上海地区健康人群和心衰患者β1受体Arg389Arg、Arg389Gly、Gly389Gly基因型频率分别为0.53、0.40和0.07,0.51、0.40和0.09,均符合HardyWeinberg定律(x2=0.135,P=0.713;x2=0.002,P=0.966).心衰患者三种基因型之间一般临床特征、心脏结构和心功能情况差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).比索洛尔治疗后,左室射血分数在CC组和GG组分别升高了(7.37±6.72)%和(1.33±2.87)%,脑利钠肽在CC组和GG组分别下降了(177.67±111.87)ng/L和(75.67±123.63)ng/L,两组间差异有统计学意义(均为P＜0.01).结论 上海地区健康人群和心衰患者β1受体389位点基因型频率分布相似,β1受体Arg389Gly多态性和心衰的严重程度无关.CC组心衰患者对β1受体阻滞剂治疗更为敏感,预后也较GG组好.     

β1肾上腺能受体基因Ser49Gly多态性与原发性高血压相关性研究

目的探讨β1肾上腺能受体(以下简称β1受体)基因Ser49Gly多态性在原发性高血压(essential hypertension, EH)发病机制中的作用.方法选择80例EH患者及85例正常对照者,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR-RFLP)技术分析基因多态性.结果 EH组和对照组的Ser/Ser、Ser/Gly 和Gly/Gly 基因型频率分别为 0.79、0.21、0和0.80、0.19、0.01(P>0.5).Ser和Gly的等位基因频率在高血压组和对照组均分别为0.89和0.11,两组间无差异(P>0.5).这两组的Ser/Gly多态性分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg定律.结论在所研究的中国人群中,β1受体基因Ser49Gly多态性与原发性高血压的发病无联系.     

原发性高血压患者β2肾上腺素能受体基因79G/C多态性的研究

目的探讨β2肾上腺素能受体(Beta2-adrenergic receptor, β2-AR)基因79G/C多态性与原发性高血压的关系.方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性的方法,检测123 例健康人,109例原发性高血压患者的β2-AR基因型.用生化技术测定研究对象的空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇.结果等位基因G、C在原发性高血压组和对照组的分布频率分别为0.93、0.07和0.91、0.09,基因频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,样本具有群体代表性.两组人群的基因型和等位基因频率分布无明显差异(P>0.05).结论在中国汉族人群中,β2-AR基因79G/C多态性可能与原发性高血压无显著性相关.     

老年高血压病病人β2肾上腺素能受体基因46A/G多态性的研究

目的探讨β2肾上腺素能受体(beta2-adrenergic receptor, β2-AR)基因46A/G多态性与老年原发性高血压的关系.方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性的方法,检测130 例健康老年人及130例原发性高血压病人的β2-AR基因型.用生化技术测定研究对象的空腹血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇.结果等位基因A、G在原发性高血压组和对照组的分布频率分别为0.54、0.46和0.64、0.36, G等位基因频率前者显著高于后者(χ2=5.37,P<0.05),基因频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,样本具有群体代表性.结论β2-AR基因可能是中国老年原发性高血压的重要遗传因素.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.