江苏省溧阳市厂矿企业职业卫生现状调查

为了解我市厂矿企业职业危害现状，探讨其规律和特点，制定职业病防治规划，有效控制和消除职业病的发生，同时为职业卫生监督管理提供依据，采取现场调查的方法，对各类用人单位组织机构、人员状况、职业病危害因素种类、职业病防护状况、接害工人职业健康监护情况进行了调查，同时对工作场所有害因素浓度进行了检测。从调查结果看，全市厂矿企业职业卫生管理发展不平衡，职业危害在个体私营企业中较为严重，职业危害防护不完善。     

个体私营企业职业卫生管理中的问题及对策

随着改革开放的深入 ,个体私营企业已成为我国经济发展的重要组成部分。职业卫生管理作为企业的一项重要内容 ,怎样适应新形势的需要 ,初级卫生保健、保障职工健康、防止环境污染是当今职业卫生管理领域中值得探索的一条新路。为此 ,我们对全市 87家个体私营企业职业卫生管理情况进行了调查 ,现就有关的问题探讨如下。一、个体私营企业职业卫生管理中存在的问题1.经济体制的改革 ,使我国的职业卫生管理与当前企业所有制形势和经济所有制不相适应 ,职业危害的新形势和多元化 ,使得劳动卫生监督面临新的挑战。2 .个体企业与国有、集体企业不同…     

阜新地区企业职业卫生管理状况调查分析

目的了解我市主要职业病危害分布、职业病危害接触人群、职业病发病人数分布、主要职业病病种及特点,研究职业病的发病规律。方法 2011年开展了职业健康现况调查工作。结果我市企业以小型私营企业为主,行业分布主要有制造业、非金属制品业、煤矿、化工等,职业卫生管理水平较低,存在的问题主要有企业对职业病防治工作重要意义认识不够,职业病防治管理工作基础差,职业卫生监管不到位。结论要加强对企业职业卫生的监管力度,确保劳动者的身体健康。     

淄博市国营与私营大中型企业劳动者职业卫生知识认知现状

目的了解国营与私营大中型企业劳动者对职业卫生知识的知晓情况,为制定职业病防治宣传教育计划提供依据。方法以接触职业病危害的劳动者为调查对象,采用分层随机抽样的方法,自行设计调查问卷,对2500余名国营和私营大中型企业劳动者进行调查。结果国营(1272人)与私营(1195人)大中型企业劳动者职业卫生知识知晓情况均较差,得分在85～100分的分别占11.01%和7.62%,国营企业好于私营企业,两者比较有差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论私营大中型企业劳动者职业卫生知识普及率低下,培训教育工作亟待加强。     

宁津县个体私营企业劳动卫生职业危害现状

近年来随着个体私营企业的日益发展 ,劳动卫生职业病危害日渐突出 ,为了解宁津县个体私营企业的职业危害现状 ,于 2 0 0 1年 4～ 10月对全县个体私营企业劳动卫生职业危害现状进行了一次调查。1　对象与方法1 1　对象　 2 0 0 1年 4～ 10月对在县工商局注册的所有个体私营企业进行调查 ,并建立工厂企业《劳动卫生档案》 ,以密切接触职业危害因素的人群为主要对象。1 2　方法　按“劳动卫生职业危害调查表”进行一般劳动卫生学调查 ,并对生产环境中有害因素的浓度或强度进行监测 ,分别按《作业场所空气中粉尘测定方法》 ,《工业企业噪声监测…     

江都市制鞋业职业卫生调查

近几年我市制鞋业发展较快 ,全市制鞋企业有3 0 0多家 ,其中合资企业 3家 ,其余均为私营企业。制鞋业是苯中毒较为多见的行业 ,尤以私营企业的苯危害较为严重。为了解我市制鞋业职业危害状况 ,保障职工身体健康 ,预防职业病的发生 ,我们对 6家企业进行了职业卫生调查 ,现将结果报告如下。1　材料与方法1 .1　对象　 3家合资企业 ,3家私营企业 ,前者调查职工 42 2人 ,后者调查职工 92人。工龄均在 1年以上 ,平均工龄为 3 .2年。年龄 1 8～ 5 5岁的一线生产工人 ,平均年龄为 3 1 .2岁 ,计 5 1 4人。1 .2　方法(1 )现场检查 :环境状况。(2 )车…     

茶陵县私营企业职业危害情况调查

随着农村经济体制改革深入,私营企业蓬勃发展,其所带来的职业危害也日趋严重。为了摸清我县私营企业职业危害状况,提出预防措施,我站于１９９６～１９９７年对３３家私营企业进行职业危害状况调查。现报告如下。调查对象及方法（１）调查对象：县境内个体股份合作制、...     

重庆市200家用人单位职业病防治基本情况调查

对2019年重庆市200家用人单位职业病防治基本情况进行调查。结果显示,200家用人单位以小微型和私营企业为主(82.5%、78.0%),作业场所物理因素和粉尘超标率较高(28.1%、10.6%),噪声和粉尘作业人员职业健康检查异常检出率较高(6.2%、3.8%),职业卫生培训、职业病危害申报及现场职业病防护设施和防护用品的配置管理等存在诸多问题。职业卫生监管部门应加强对我市小微私营企业监管力度,指导帮助小微私营企业提升职业病防治水平。     

临沂市厂矿企业职业卫生现状调查

为探讨临沂市厂矿企业职业危害的规律和特点 ,制定职业病防治规划 ,有效控制和消除职业病的发生 ,采取现场调查的方法 ,对各类用人单位组织机构、人员状况、有害作业种类、职业卫生防护状况进行了调查 ,同时对有害作业点进行有害因素浓 (强 )度监测 ,对接害工人职业健康监护情况进行调查。从调查结果看 ,全市厂矿企业职业卫生管理发展不平衡 ,职业危害在“合资”企业及个体私营企业中较为严重 ,职业危害防护不完善。     

天津市175家企业职业卫生状况的调查

为防范职业中毒事故的发生 ,我们于 2 0 0 1年 3月至 7月对我市部分重点危害企业开展了监督检查 ,结果如下。一、对象与方法选择 1996年以前建厂 ,有职业危害因素的国有、外资、乡镇和民营企业共 175家作为调查对象。调查采用监测和现场问卷调查形式。二、检查结果1 “三同时”审查情况 :共监督检查了 175个企业 (表 1) ,在检查的企业中未经过职业卫生防护措施“三同时”审查的建设项目有 10 0个 ,占总企业数的 5 7.1% ,被检查的 10家私营企业漏审率 10 0 %。在 175家企业中 ,经过“三同时”审查的大部分为我市 1996年《天津市职业病防治条…     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.