血管内支架成形术治疗有症状大脑中动脉狭窄

目的：探讨血管内支架成形术在有症状大脑中动脉狭窄治疗中的应用。方法：对3例临床诊断脑梗死和3例短暂性脑缺血发作患者行全脑血管造影术，发现大脑中动脉M1段存在不同程度狭窄，对狭窄段大脑中动脉行颅内支架成形术。结果：6例大脑中动脉支架成形术均获得成功。大脑中动脉M1段平均直径狭窄程度从92．8％降至6％（P〈0．01）。1例患者在支架置入10min后出现急性血栓形成，术中经微导管注入尿激酶接触性溶栓，25min后血栓溶解。术后随访6个月，所有患者均无脑缺血事件发生。结论：采用血管内支架成形术治疗有症状大脑中动脉狭窄可行。     

中西药结合血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄

目的 探讨中西药结合血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的应用.方法 在中西药结合治疗基础上,对临床诊断分水岭脑梗死15例和短暂性脑缺血发作10例患者行全脑血管造影术,发现大脑中动脉M1段存在不同程度狭窄,对狭窄段大脑中动脉行颅内支架成形术.结果 25例大脑中动脉支架成形术均获得成功.大脑中动脉M1段平均直径狭窄程度从90.8 %降至10%～20%(P＜0.01).术后随访6个月,所有患者均无脑缺血事件发生.结论 采用中西药结合血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄可行.     

Neuroform支架在治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄中的应用

目的评价使用Neuroform支架在治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全性、可行性。方法症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者11例,其中前循环狭窄2例(1例狭窄位于颈内动脉眼段交通段,1例狭窄位于大脑中动脉M1段),后循环狭窄9例(3例狭窄位于基底动脉,6例狭窄位于基底动脉交界处);均进行支架成形术治疗,术后全脑血管造影复查及使用美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)进行评定。结果11例患者支架全部置放成功,造影复查显示动脉直径狭窄率从术前(85.6±7.4)%降至术后(35.7±12.1)%。按NIHSS评分评估,11例患者术后症状明显改善,其中1例患者术后15天出现Wallenberg综合征,随访1~12个月,其他患者未出现脑缺血再发作及支架内再狭窄。结论应用Neuroform支架治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄合并路径血管纡曲不光滑的患者,可以提高手术成功率,减轻临床缺血症状和改善预后。     

症状性大脑中动脉M1段狭窄支架置入10例临床分析

目的总结血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉(MCA)狭窄的疗效和经验。方法对10例药物治疗无效的、反复短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)或有明显脑缺血症状的MCA狭窄患者行血管内支架成形术。术后行血管造影及经颅多普勒超声检查(TCD)进行影像学随访。结果狭窄的血管均成功地进行扩张,术前术后狭窄程度分别为(79.2±4.5)%与(15.3±4.3)%,术后残余狭窄程度均小于20%。临床随访无TIA或脑卒中再发,DSA随访无血管再狭窄发生,TCD检查显示脑血流明显改善。结论血管内支架成形术治疗MCA狭窄安全、有效。     

脑血管造影评估在血管内支架成形术治疗脑供血动脉狭窄中的价值

目的探讨脑血管造影评估在血管内支架成形术治疗脑供血动脉狭窄中的价值。方法对105例症状性脑缺血发作患者进行术前全脑血管造影，对相关影像学信息进行全面评估，根据评估结果对136支狭窄血管行血管内支架成形术，术后不同时期进行脑血管造影随访。结果70处血管狭窄恢复正常血管直径，54处残余狭窄〈20％，7处残余狭窄为50％～80％。5例因支架不能输送到位而放弃手术；术中血栓保护伞完全被封堵1例。患者术前症状均有不同程度缓解。70例患者获得术后1～36个月的脑血管造影随访，颈动脉再狭窄2例，椎动脉起始部再狭窄6例，颅内动脉再狭窄6例。结论 术前充分评估脑血管造影结果并据此制定个体化治疗策略是保证血管内支架成形术安全性的前提。     

血管内支架成形术在症状性脑血管狭窄治疗中应用的初步探讨

目的 探讨血管内支架成形术治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄的效果及安全性.方法 对33例症状性脑动脉狭窄患者进行了37处血管内支架成形术治疗,其中颈内动脉颅外段狭窄14处,颈内动脉颅内段狭窄3处,大脑中动脉狭窄3处,椎动脉颅外段狭窄13处,椎动脉颅内段2处,锁骨下动脉2处.结果 本组33例患者行37处支架置入术,其中成功置入35枚支架,手术成功率94.59%;1例手术中并发脑血管痉挛,1例手术中并发造影剂过敏,1例手术后并发高灌注综合征.结论 血管内支架成形术治疗症状性脑动脉狭窄是安全有效的,其远期疗效尚待进一步随访观察.     

支架置入术治疗有症状大脑中动脉狭窄的初步观察

目的:研究支架置入术治疗有症状大脑中动脉狭窄的可行性、有效性和安全性.方法:2005年8月-2006年12月,对12例大脑中动脉狭窄的患者行血管内支架置入术.其中男性9例,女性3例,平均年龄(69±5.3)岁,范围56～81岁.平均狭窄程度(84.2±3.7)%,范围50%～99%.所有患者都用球囊扩张支架成功地进行了治疗,且无任何严重的并发症.结果:术后血管残余狭窄率≤20%,随访6～18个月期间无患者再发脑缺血症状.结论:血管内支架置入术是治疗有症状大脑中动脉狭窄的一种安全而有效的方法,近期效果显著.     

Enterprise支架治疗老年症状性大脑中动脉狭窄患者的安全性和有效性

目的评估Enterprise支架治疗老年症状性大脑中动脉狭窄患者的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2013年1月~2015年12月在火箭军总医院神经介入医学科接受Enterprise支架治疗的症状性大脑中动脉重度狭窄,且年龄≥60岁的患者55例,其中男性31例,女性24例,年龄60~81(66.4±8.0)岁。术前及术后给予双联抗血小板聚集药物及强化调脂治疗,采取多模态影像指导下的支架成形术,术后6个月行全脑数字减影血管造影(DSA)明确支架再狭窄情况,观察围术期并发症发生率、支架内再狭窄发生率及靶血管供血区脑卒中复发率。结果手术技术成功率100.0%,术前及术后即刻残留狭窄率(86.6±10.0)%、(29.9±13.2)%。围术期发生1例(1.8%)穿支脑梗死事件,术后随访期有1例脑出血,2例支架内急性闭塞,1例短暂性脑缺血发作事件,术侧大脑中动脉供血区缺血性脑卒中发生率为3.6%。有36例(65.5%)患者接受了DSA复查,血管狭窄率为(34.3±22.8)%,8例(22.2%)患者出现支架内再狭窄。结论 Enterprise支架治疗老年症状性大脑中动脉重度狭窄患者是安全的,且能有效预防供血区脑卒中复发。     

经皮血管内支架术治疗颅外脑动脉狭窄11例报道

目的观察经皮血管内支架成形术治疗颅外脑供血动脉狭窄的疗效、安全性和并发症。方法选择11例伴随临床症状的颅外脑动脉狭窄患者实施经皮血管腔内支架成形术,通过临床症状、经颅多普勒和全脑血管造影术评价其疗效,术后随访2～6个月。结果11例支架植入术成功率为100%,术中即刻造影显示狭窄程度明显改善,狭窄率由术前的88.91%±5.92%,下降到术后的7.73%±4.67%,下降了91.32%±5.17%。术后随访2～6个月,未见新的短暂性脑缺血发作或脑梗死,经颅多普勒复查未见再狭窄。结论经皮血管内支架成形术是治疗颅外脑动脉狭窄的一个安全有效的手段。     

ICVD患者血管内支架成形术后脑CT灌注成像结果分析

目的从影像学角度评价血管内支架成形术治疗缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)的临床效果,探讨脑CT灌注成像检查的重要性及必要性。方法对19例因颅内外动脉狭窄导致的ICVD患者行颅内外血管内支架成形术,颈内动脉放置支架15枚、大脑中动脉M1段放置支架4枚。术前及术后1周内行脑CT灌注成像检查,记录相对脑血流量(r CBF)、相对脑血容量(r CBV)、相对平均通过时间(r MTT)。结果与术前比较,19例患者术后r CBF升高、r MTT降低(P<0.05),r CBV差异无统计学意义。结论血管内支架成形术可明显改善ICVD的脑血流灌注,CT灌注成像检查是评价血管内支架成形术手术效果的可靠方法。     

Angioplasty and stenting of the extracranial carotid arteries

We performed percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting in patients with carotid artery stenosis to determine the efficacy of these techniques as an alternative to surgical endarterectomy. From April 1995 through July 1999, 315 carotid angioplasty procedures were performed (right, 151; left, 164) in 290 patients ranging in age from 40 to 93 years. Of these patients, 42% were symptomatic and 58% were asymptomatic. Twenty-five patients underwent bilateral procedures. The mean percentage of stenosis was 82.3%+/-8.7% SD. Angioplasty and stenting were performed without cerebral protection in 165 arteries and with protection in 150. Two methods of protection were used: the Theron technique and the PercuSurge Guardwire temporary occlusion and aspiration system. Balloon dilation and stent placement were successful in 289 patients; in the last patient, severe arterial tortuosity prevented catheterization and stenting. We observed 13 periprocedural neurologic complications due to ischemia (4.2%): 4 transient ischemic attacks (1.3%), 4 minor strokes (1.3%), and 5 major strokes (1.6%), including 1 death. At 6 months, 210 patients had a follow-up angiogram (155) or duplex ultrasound (55). There were 10 restenoses (4.7%), 1 of which was symptomatic and 2 of which showed mild compression of a Palmaz stent without marked stenosis. Primary and secondary 4-year patency rates were 96% and 99%, respectively. These results demonstrate acceptable mortality and morbidity rates related to carotid angioplasty and stenting. However, we found the risk of embolic stroke to be substantial. Cerebral protection may improve the results of carotid angioplasty and expand the indications for this procedure.     

Percutaneous intervention for symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis using coronary stents

BACKGROUND: There is very limited experience with percutaneous treatment of symptomatic vertebral artery disease. Angioplasty and stenting for vertebral artery stenosis are still evolving and have generally been performed for asymptomatic disease. We performed vertebral artery stenting in 12 patients with vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks and present our short- and intermediate-term results. METHODS: A total of 12 lesions affecting the vertebral artery were treated by coronary stent placement. The mean age was 72 +/- 8 years and 83% were males (10 males, 2 females). Baseline characteristics included hypertension (11/12); hypercholesterolemia (8/12); coronary artery disease (8/12); and diabetes (5/12). Mean lesion length was 8.6 +/- 2.7 mm, mean calipered stenosis was 78 +/- 8%, and mean arterial diameter was 4.1 +/- 0.3 mm. All patients were symptomatic, fulfilling our criteria for vertebral artery angioplasty. All patients were followed for at least 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: All 12 lesions were successfully stented, with a mean residual stenosis of 11 +/- 6%. Clinical follow-up showed resolution or improvement of symptoms in all patients. One patient had symptomatic restenosis seven months after the initial procedure requiring repeat angioplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Stent placement for symptomatic stenosis involving the vertebral artery is safe and effective for alleviating symptoms of vertebrobasilar ischemia. Coronary stents appear to be well suited to treat atherosclerotic lesions of the vertebral artery.     

不符合NASCET纳入标准的高危有症状颈动脉狭窄患者的颈动脉成形支架置入术治疗

目的 探讨支架置入术治疗不符合NASCET纳入标准的高危有症状颈动脉狭窄患者的有效性和安全性.方法 对20例不符合NASCET纳入标准的高危有症状颈动脉狭窄患者进行颈动脉支架置入术治疗,其中男性12例,女性8例,年龄62～76岁(平均69岁),短暂性脑缺血发作11例,脑梗死9例.所有患者数字减影血管造影显示颈动脉狭窄程度＞70%(NA-SCET标准),其中-侧颈动脉重度狭窄9例(2例为内膜切除术后再狭窄),双侧颈动脉重度狭窄6例,一侧颈动脉闭塞伴对侧重度狭窄5例(1例为鼻咽癌放疗术后).所有患者均使用栓子保护装置,均采用预扩张和自膨式支架.结果 手术成功率100%,残余狭窄率均＜30%.所有患者术中均出现不同程度的一过性心率和血压下降,1例患者并发微栓子栓塞.其余患者围手术期内无缺血性卒中发作.术后复查颈动脉超声见狭窄显著改善.术后1个月和3个月随访均未发现同侧缺血性卒中和冠状动脉缺血事件.结论 颈动脉支架置入术创伤小、围手术期并发症少,治疗外科手术高危的有症状颈动脉狭窄是安全和有效的.     

Elective Coronary Stenting as an Adjunct to Balloon Angioplasty in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: No Association with Incidence of Acute Complications. Results of the PTCA Registry of the German Community Hospitals

Background: Elective coronary stenting has hem shown to reduce the rate of recurrent stenoses after angioplasty but no firm data are available on its possible association with in-hospital ischemic complications . Methods: We analyzed the data of the registry of the German community hospitals covering approximately one quarter of all interventions in Germany. We included all angioplasty procedures performed in patients with stable coronary artery disease in 1996. Interventions with elective coronary stenting were compared to those with conventional balloon angioplasty. Interventions with bailout stenting were excluded . Results: Of 19,170 angioplasty procedures, 32.2% included elective coronary stenting. The immediate angiographic success rate (residual stenosis < 50%) was 90.6% of the procedures with stents versus 86.3% of those without stents (P < 0.001). The overall incidence of complications (death, myocardial infarction, bypass surgery, vessel closure, reintervention) was 3.9% and 3.8% (NS). Major events (death, myocardial infarction, bypass surgery) were more common in the stent-treated group (1.8% vs 1.4%, P = 0.027). In multivariate analysis, the following factors were significantly associated with complications: residual stenosis ≥ 50%, female gender, angioplasty of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery, morphological fype of lesion B2 or C, and multivessel disease. Angioplasty of restenoses after previous angioplasty was associated with significantly less risk than of de novo lesions. Stents were neutral with respect to the overall incidence of complications . Conclusions: Complications after elective coronary angioplasty remain largely unpredictable in individual patients despite the identification of several clinical and procedural risk factors. Elective coronary stenting is not associated with the immediate therapeutic risk of angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease .     

A follow-up study of balloon angioplasty and de-novo stenting in Takayasu arteritis

Percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PTBA) is a universally accepted mode of therapy for stenotic coronary and peripheral arterial lesions. To establish the role of PTBA and stent placement in patients with Takayasu's arteritis (TA), these procedures were performed in 20 patients with TA. All patients received steroids, aspirin and ticlodipine (for stent placement) prior to procedure. Angioplasty was carried in patients with symptomatic stenotic vessel of more than 70% of normal diameter or a peak systolic gradient of more than 50 mm across stenotic aortic lesion. Stenting was performed for ostial lesion, long segment lesion or incomplete relief of stenosis and dissection following angioplasty. Carotid angioplasty and stenting was performed in five patients, aortic angioplasty in nine patients, aortic angioplasty and stenting in four patients, renal angioplasty in three patients, renal angioplasty and stenting in two patients and subclavian angioplasty in two patients, subclavian, angioplasty and stenting in three patients and coronary angioplasty and stent placement in one patient. The procedure was successful in all but one patient. On following up, two patients with carotid stent placement had restenosis. A saccular aneurysm developed at the lower end of stent in one patient with aortic stent placement. The PTBA with or without stent placement is a safe and effective method for relief of stenotic lesion in patients with TA.     

Biodiv Ysio支架成形术在症状性大脑中动脉狭窄中的应用

目的 研究Biodiv Ysio支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉水平段(M1段)狭窄的安全性和可行性。方法 43例病人45处症状性M1段狭窄被纳入研究。狭窄位于M1主干19处、开口部12处、分叉部14处。结果 技术成功率97．8％(44／45);颅内出血并发症率7．0％(3／43例),其中1例死亡(2．3％)。临床随访(中位期7个月)41例,均未再发生缺血性神经事件。6个月的造影随访6例,共7支血管,6支显示了支架段良好开通,1支发生再狭窄。结论 在严格的方案下,采用。Biodiv Ysio支架对症状性M1段狭窄进行成形术是可行、安全和有效方法,但对于C型病变进行支架成形术和使用串联双支架需要慎重。有必要进一步加以研究。     

Early and late outcomes of carotid artery stenting]

OBJECTIVE: Carotid artery stenting is a new approach alternative to surgical carotid endarterectomy. Cerebral protection devices improved the applicability of this technique. In this study, we evaluated applicability, safety and late clinical outcomes of percutaneous interventions for carotid artery stenosis. METHODS: A prospective study included 26 patients (15 female, 11 male, mean age 70+/-16 years) undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting with different sizes of balloons and stents for 28 internal carotid artery stenoses at Kadir Has University Department of Interventional Radiology between March 2002 and December 2004. Ten patients were asymptomatic, one had amaurosis fugax, four had transient ischemic attack within last four months, one had drop attacks, one had headache, seven had the findings of hemiparesis and three had hemiplegia. RESULTS: Stenosis rates were calculated according to North America Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. Median stenosis rate was 85% (range: 60%-95%). All of the 28 internal carotid artery stenoses were managed with balloon dilatation and stenting (technical success rate 100%). Median residual stenosis rate after procedure was 14% (range: 0%-30%). Asystole developed in five patients and bradycardia in eight patients. Ipsilateral middle cerebral artery infarction occurred in two patients. One patient had intracranial reperfusion bleeding four hours after the procedure. No procedural death was observed within one month of follow-up. One patient died of myocardial infarction four months after the procedure. Cranial computed tomography revealed multiple metastases in one patient complaining of intractable headache and primary source was found to be pulmonary carcinoma. No stent restenosis was defined at Doppler ultrasonographic examinations performed 6 and 12 months after procedures with normal flow patterns and velocities. Two patients underwent control angiography at 12th month and myointimal proliferations with insignificant obstruction (25% and 30%) were detected. CONCLUSION: Carotid artery stenting seems to be applicable and safe procedure but it is associated with infrequent major complications. Results of studies comparing surgery and angioplasty will be helpful in defining role of stenting in the treatment of carotid occlusive disease.     

经皮血管内支架成形术治疗高龄颈动脉狭窄患者的临床研究

目的　对平均80岁以上的高龄颈动脉狭窄患者进行经皮血管内支架成形术治疗的可行性,安全性和效果进行探讨。方法　对18例(年龄76～92岁)单侧颈动脉狭窄和其中1例合并椎动脉狭窄患者经磁共振和数字减影血管造影(DSA)确诊,后行经皮颈动脉支架和椎动脉支架血管内成形手术。结果　19例次支架置放均获成功。DSA显示狭窄段的颈动脉直径明显扩大,同侧颅内脑血管循环时间和染色趋于正常。仅1例出现部分运动性失语。随访3～18个月,无1例再发生脑缺血事件;B超复查未见明显支架内再狭窄。结论　对高龄颈动脉狭窄行经皮血管内成形治疗的安全性高,效果可靠。但需重视预防和及时处理围手术期出现的并发症。     

症状性前循环颅内动脉狭窄的血管内治疗

目的探讨前循环颅内动脉狭窄患者经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)及经皮腔内血管成形支架置入术(PTAS)治疗的效果。方法39例(男31例,女8例)经药物治疗无效、反复短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)或有明显脑缺血症状的前循环颅内动脉狭窄患者,经数字减影血管造影术(DSA)诊断后,行PTA或PTAS治疗。术后常规给予抗血小板治疗,DSA及经颅多普勒超声(TCD)进行影像学随访。结果39例前循环颅内动脉狭窄患者行PTA或PTAS均获成功,术后残余狭窄程度均<20%,临床脑缺血症状和体征明显改善。1例患者术中见对比剂外泄但无明显临床症状,且恢复良好,余患者无并发症发生。临床随访无TIA或脑梗死再发,其中2例行DSA复查、19例行TCD复查,均无再狭窄发生。结论PTA或PTAS治疗前循环颅内动脉狭窄是可行、安全、有效的。