大剂量γ射线照射后小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡的病理形态学观察

目的　探讨大剂量60 Coγ射线照射后脾脏淋巴细胞的病理形态学改变。方法　小鼠经 6、9、12、15及 2 0Gyγ射线照射 ,于照后 8个不同时间点活杀取材进行光镜及电镜观察。 结果照射后脾淋巴细胞凋亡的发生高峰与照射剂量和照后时间有关 ,淋巴细胞数量显著减少。结论　照射后脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡的病理形态变化有明显的分期 ,而在不同剂量组中细胞的死亡方式是有区别的。     

中子和γ射线照射对小鼠骨髓造血细胞死亡方式的探讨

目的探讨中子和γ射线照射后小鼠骨髓造血细胞的死亡方式及其意义。方法采用不同剂量中子和^60Coγ射线全身照射350只BALB／c小鼠，通过光镜、电镜、流式细胞术、原位末端标记和DNA凝胶电泳等观察造血细胞凋亡与坏死情况。结果中子照射后小鼠骨髓中坏死和凋亡的造血细胞均明显增多，5．5Gy组以坏死为主；而γ射线照射后则以凋亡为主，且呈剂量相关性。凋亡的细胞表现为核染色质浓缩、边移，呈半月型、环状或不规则状，凋亡小体形成，电泳下见DNA梯状图谱。坏死的细胞表现为核肿胀、溶解，线粒体膜、核膜等膜性结构破坏。结论2．5～5．5Gy中子及5．5～12Gy γ射线照射可使骨髓造血细胞死亡方式不同：中子照射见凋亡与坏死并存，5．5Gy组以坏死为主；而γ射线照射则以凋亡为主。     

大剂量γ射线照射后小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡的病理 …

目的 探讨大剂量＾６０Ｃｏγ射线照射后脾脏淋巴细胞的病理形态学改变。方法 小鼠经６、９、１２、１５及２０Ｇｙγ射线照射,于照后８个不同时间点活杀取材进行光镜及电镜观察。结果 照射后林巴细胞凋亡的发生高峰与照射剂量和照后时间有关,淋巴细胞数量显著减少。结论 照射后脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡的病理形态变化有明显的分期,而在不同剂量组中细胞的死亡方式是有区别的。     

γ射线对培养的兔血管平滑肌细胞的抑制作用

目的 观察体外培养的兔动脉平滑肌细胞(SMCs）对7射线照射的剂量效应关系，探讨电离辐射抑制SMCs增殖的细胞生物学机理。方法 静止期SMCs分别给予γ射线2．5，5，10，20及30Gy一次性照射后继续培养4，24或72h。以^3H—TdR掺入法、流式细胞术分析、微核实验和电镜观察γ射线对SMCs的DNA合成、增殖周期和损伤的影响。结果 在2．5Gy以上剂量γ射线一次性照射时，SMCs增殖明显抑制，细胞G0／G1期阻滞，均呈剂量依赖性。2．5Gy以下剂量γ射线照射后24h左右可见细胞凋亡增加，2．5Gy以上剂量7射线照射可使SMCs发生坏死。结论 电离辐射能抑制SMCs增殖，使细胞产生G0／G1期阻滞，并呈剂量依赖关系。SMCs死亡方式与受照射剂量有关。     

射线照射对胰腺癌细胞凋亡及bcl-2、bax基因表达的影响

目的研究不同剂量的γ射线对人胰腺癌细胞凋亡及bcl2,bax基因表达的影响。方法利用不同剂量的γ射线对体外培养的胰腺癌Panc1细胞进行照射,采用PI和AnnexinⅤPI法定量检测细胞凋亡,流式细胞仪检测照射后胰腺癌细胞Panc1的Bcl2、Bax基因表达水平。结果胰腺癌panc1细胞凋亡百分率在一定剂量范围内(≤15Gy)随着照射剂量的提高而增大,在一定时间范围内(≤24h),随着时间的延长而增大。照射组细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl2表达较对照组明显降低,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<005);照射组bax基因的表达较对照组明显升高,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<005)。结论γ射线诱导胰腺癌panc1细胞凋亡具有剂量依赖性和时间相关性,bcl2和bax在胰腺癌细胞凋亡调节过程中起着重要作用,不同剂量γ射线照射胰腺癌细胞时Bcl2和Bax表达水平也不相同,通过降低bcl2的表达及提高bax表达来诱导胰腺癌细胞发生凋亡有可能是γ射线杀伤肿瘤细胞的机制之一。     

不同剂量γ射线照射后胎儿骨髓CD34~ 造血干细胞死亡规律

目的　探讨不同剂量γ射线照射后胎儿骨髓CD34 造血干细胞的死亡规律。方法　以流式细胞术PE -CD34 FITC AnnexinV 7AAD三色荧光法 ,多参数分析了受不同剂量γ射线照射后 ,不同时间点的胎儿骨髓CD34 造血干细胞凋亡、坏死和存活的时效和量效变化特点。结果　受大剂量率γ射线 1次 5Gy和 8Gy照射后 ,胎儿骨髓CD34 造血干细胞的死亡是在照射后为期 1周的连续性死亡 ,既有凋亡又有坏死 ,但是以凋亡为主 ;受大剂量率γ射线 1次 10Gy和 12Gy照射后 ,胎儿骨髓CD34 造血干细胞则在受照后当天即大量坏死 ,在持续 1周内全部死亡。结论　受大剂量率γ射线 1次照射后 ,造血干细胞在 1周内发生了增殖期死亡而连续性空出所占据的龛位     

不同剂量γ射线照射后胎儿骨髓CD34+造血干细胞死亡规律

目的 探讨不同剂量γ射线照射后胎儿骨髓CD34^ 造血干细胞的死亡规律。方法 以流式细胞术PE－CD34^ ／FITC－AmnexinV/7AAD三色荧光法、多参数分析了受不同剂量γ射线照射后,不同时间点的胎儿骨髓CD34^ 造血干细胞凋亡、坏死和存活的时效和量效变化特点。结果 受大剂量率γ射线1次5Gy和8Gy照射后,和骨髓CD34^ 造血干细胞的死亡是在照射后为期1周的连续性死亡,既有凋亡又有坏死,但是以凋亡为主;受大剂量率γ射线1次10Gy和12Gy照射后,胎儿骨髓CD34^ 造血干细胞则在受照后当天即大量坏死,在持续1周内全部死亡。结论 受大剂量率γ射线1次照射后,造血干细胞在1周内发生了增殖期死亡而连续性空出所占据的龛位。     

反义STAT3寡核苷酸对B16细胞辐射敏感性的研究

目的 探讨反义STAT3转染鼠恶性黑色素瘤B16细胞后,肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性的变化。方法 利用反义寡核苷酸转染B16细胞后,以不同剂量γ射线照射。通过CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞增殖变化,Hoechst33258染色对细胞凋亡作形态学上的观察。用Annexin V/PI复染,流式细胞仪检测细胞早期凋亡率的变化。结果 反义STAT3转染后加以γ射线照射,B16细胞的增殖相比于两者单独作用组受到明显抑制,细胞凋亡水平也增加。结论 反义STAT3寡核苷酸联合γ射线对B16细胞的增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用明显增强,提高了鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞的辐射敏感性;表明阻断STAT3蛋白表达可能成为一种新的提高肿瘤辐射敏感性的有效手段。     

电离辐射对EL-4细胞凋亡与坏死的影响

目的 研究不同剂量电离辐射对EL－4细胞凋亡和细胞坏死的影响。方法 采用PI和Hoechst 33342双染、流式细胞术检测。结果 实验结果表明：给予50－200mGy低剂量照射后6h,EL－4细胞凋亡和坏死较对照组没有升高,而给予1．0－8．0Gy大剂量X射线照射后6h,细胞凋亡较对照组有明显升高,4．0Gy以上剂量,细胞坏死显著升高。结论 一定剂量的电离辐射不仅可以诱导凋亡的产生,而且可直接导致细胞坏死,即细胞的死亡模式与受照剂量有关。     

Fas和Bcl-2在受照射小鼠脾淋巴细胞中的表达及与细胞凋亡的关系

目的　探讨Fas和Bcl 2蛋白在受大剂量60 Coγ射线照射后小鼠脾淋巴细胞中的表达及与细胞凋亡的关系。方法　小鼠全身一次性γ射线照射 ,吸收剂量分别为 0、6、9、12、15和 2 0Gy ,于照射后 3、6、12、2 4h、3、7、14和 2 8d活杀取材 ,免疫组化LSAB染色观察后进行定量分析。结果　照射后 6h ,Fas的表达呈强阳性 ,6～ 12Gy剂量范围内阳性表达更明显 ,而随时间递增表达逐渐减少 ,但无明显的剂量效应关系 ,7d后表达明显减弱。Bcl 2的表达于 6h几乎为阴性 ,在 <12Gy剂量组更为明显。至照射后 2 8d依然未恢复。 结论　在受大剂量照射小鼠脾淋巴细胞中Fas癌基因蛋白表达升高与细胞凋亡有较好相关关系 ,即Fas蛋白可能有促进凋亡的作用。而在相同剂量照射后 ,Bcl 2抑制凋亡的作用被减弱甚至消失。上述两种癌蛋白对受大剂量60 Coγ射线照射的小鼠脾淋巴细胞凋亡均具有重要调控作用     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.