性别对新疆某地区疾病预防控制中心职工满意度影响的调查

目的调查新疆某地区疾病预防控制中心职工,通过性别方式对其工作满意度现状进行调查,主要调查职工对单位管理、生活、工作环境、组织承诺、个人投入等方面,为上级卫生部门制定相关的人员配备管理措施提供依据。方法采用普查方法对新疆某地区10所疾病预防控制中心的职工进行问卷调查并对数据进行统计学分析。结果某地区疾病预防控制中心对职工性别满意度平均分为106.81±18.73,不同性别的管理总分、工作生活总分、工作环境总分、组织承诺总分、个人投入总分,不同性别职工满意度间差异无统计学意义(t分别为0.71、0.43、0.50、0.55、-0.20,均P>0.05)。结论新疆某地区疾病预防控制中心在管理、工作生活和环境、组织承诺、个人投入方面,总体满意度较高。     

乌鲁木齐市病媒生物防制工作现状及对策

目的分析乌鲁木齐市病媒生物防制现状及存在的问题,提出对策与建议。方法调查乌鲁木齐市病媒生物防制工作机制、组织机构和人员,按照《病媒生物预防控制管理规定》以及《疾病预防控制绩效评估标准（2012）》,对乌鲁木齐市病媒生物防制的组织机构、人员学历、专业状况以及开展工作的情况进行综合分析。结果乌鲁木齐市病媒生物防制工作已初步建立了领导组织和基层工作组织,完善了三级工作网络,有一定的工作经费,开展了环境卫生整治,消除病媒生物孳生地,集中统一的病媒生物消杀活动、病媒生物防制知识的宣传教育及亚欧博览会等重大活动的病媒生物防制活动等工作;存在专业队伍和人才缺乏,法制管理不健全,科学化、制度化管理机制不到位,三级工作队伍人员不稳定,有害生物防制服务机构数量少、规模小、服务能力和水平较低等问题。结论应加强政府对病媒生物防制工作的领导,制定地方性病媒生物防制法规,加强全民性病媒生物防制知识的宣传教育,完善各项病媒生物综合防制措施,培育有害生物防制服务机构的发展,加强病媒生物应急控制体系建设,逐步提高乌鲁木齐市病媒生物防制的工作水平。     

退休返聘人员工作满意度及其影响因素

目的调查并分析退休返聘人员工作满意度及影响因素。方法采用整体工作满意度量表及14项因素对233名退休返聘人员进行问卷调查,调查结果进行成分/因子、相关性分析及分层回归分析。结果退休返聘人员对于兴趣、价值观一致、影响力、自我实现、环境、管理、稳定和领导关系的满意度比较高,非常满意和比较满意的比例合计都超过了60%;14种影响因素满意度评价与总体满意度呈现明显正相关,除公平、同事关系和休假与总体满意度在0.05水平相关以外,其他各因素满意度与总体满意度均在0.01水平呈相关性;通过成分/因子分析共提取4个公因子分别命名为组织评价、福利、乐趣和快感、成就获得;分层回归分析结果性别、年龄和提取的4个公因子对总体满意度的回归系数是显著相关。结论退休返聘人员工作满意度受多种因素影响,可通过多种途径提升该群体的工作满意度。     

新疆妇幼保健机构资源与运营情况调查分析

根据国家卫生部妇社司关于妇幼机构规范化建设项目的总体思路和医药卫生体制改革的精神,为促进新疆妇幼卫生体系的建设与发展,新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心基妇中心于2009年1～12月组织开展了新疆维吾尔自治区各级妇幼保健机构的调查监测工作,通过收集、分析和反馈各级妇幼保健机构的人员、床位、设备资源配置和服务运营等信息数据,为各级行政部门今后的科学决策提供信息保证。     

2004年乌鲁木齐市城区居民慢性病及危险因素调查

目的通过对慢性病患病现状及危险因素分析,探讨预防对策。方法2004年将乌鲁木齐市城区居民40万人作为研究对象,通过随机抽样对2 100人入户调查慢性病患病情况及行为危险因素等。结果(1)样本人群慢性病患病率为56.97%,其中男性患病率为55.14%,女性患病率为58.71%,男女患病率均随年龄增长而增高。(2)危险因素调查显示:人群总吸烟率31.33%,酗酒率28.56%,超重率32.71%,不运动率为43.53%。(3)多因素回归分析显示:年龄、性别、吸烟、酗酒、超重和缺乏运动等是慢性病的主要影响因素。结论乌鲁木齐市城区居民慢性病患病率与危险因素均处于较高水平且有迅速增加的趋势,慢性病预防控制策略和措施亟待加强。     

上海宝山区疟疾镜检人员现况调查

目的 了解上海市宝山区疟疾镜检人员的工作现状.方法 采用问卷调查、疟疾镜检知识测试和镜检操作考评的形式,对宝山区25家医疗机构疟疾镜检人员进行现况调查.建立Epidata数据库,运用Excel统计分析知识测试和问卷结果.结果 本次调查的25名疟疾镜检人员均由检验专业人员组成,专科学历占40％,本科占60％.从事检验工作年限在10年以内占56％.从事疟疾镜检年限≤1年者占32％,2～5年者占40％,≥10年者占28％.在职期间参加省市级、区县级和单位内人均培训次数分别为0.04、1.04、0.84.工作时有发现疟原虫经历的人数占28％(7/25人).认为疟疾血检工作有必要和非常有必要的占81％,认为疟疾镜检工作对日常检验工作是有一定影响的占66％,其主要影响由大到小依次为增加工作负荷、增加工作难度和增加工作差错.培训前后的疟疾镜检知识测试平均正解率(均值)分别为74.6％和92.0％,两者有差异有统计学意义(x2=225.0,P＜0.01),培训后各项成绩均有提高.疟疾镜检操作考评平均分为65.8分,及格率(＞60分)为68％.结论 上海市宝山区医疗机构的疟疾镜检人员理论知识、岗位培训、工作经验相对薄弱;尤其是疟疾镜检的实际操作能力和鉴别水平等方面需要进一步加强.     

广州市老人院安全文化的现状及影响因素

目的调查广州市老人院安全文化的现状及影响因素。方法采用便利抽样方法,运用修订版HSOPSC问卷对广州市8家老人院260名护士进行调查,采用多元线性回归模型分析广州市老人院安全文化的影响因素。结果安全文化优势领域分别为组织学习与持续改进(91.2%),园区内团队合作(89.8%),管理者促进安全的期望与行动(79.9%)和老人院管理者对老人安全的支持(79.4%);安全文化待改进领域分别为对错误的非惩罚性反应(47.2%),事件报告频率(42.1%)和人员配置(37.7%)。在多元线性回归模型中,人员配置、护士所在园区、老人院性质、本院工作年限、在今后一年中是否会继续在老人院工作对预测安全文化总分具有统计学意义(F=14.422,R2=0.293,P0.05)。结论广州市老人院安全文化有待提高,老人院管理者应合理进行人员配置,建立自愿、非惩罚性报告体系,营造良好的安全文化氛围,提高护理服务质量。     

乌鲁木齐市和克拉玛依市8~10岁学龄儿童碘营养状况调查

目的调查新疆乌鲁木齐市和克拉玛依市8~10岁学龄儿童的碘营养水平调查,分析这两个地区8~10岁学龄儿童碘营养水平的差异,为调整碘缺乏病防治措施提供科学依据。方法采用过硫酸铵消化砷—铈催化分光光度法对抽检的8~10岁学龄儿童进行尿碘检测,采用B超法检查儿童的甲状腺容积,同时测算儿童所在家庭人均每日碘盐摄入量,采用直接滴定法测定食盐中碘含量;采用Spss 17.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 1乌鲁木齐市和克拉玛依市学龄儿童家庭人均每日碘盐摄入量分别为6.38 g和6.09 g,乌鲁木齐市儿童家庭人均每日碘盐摄入量高于克拉玛依市,差异有统计学意义(t=2.63,P0.05);碘盐覆盖率均为100.00%;碘盐合格率分别为99.40%和100.00%;乌鲁木齐市和克拉玛依市学龄儿童盐碘中位数分别为28.10 mg/kg和33.10 mg/kg,差异有统计学意义(Z=8.87,P0.01);2乌鲁木齐市和克拉玛依市儿童尿碘中位数分别为196.40μg/L和167.00μg/L,乌鲁木齐市儿童尿碘水平高于克拉玛依市,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.81,P0.01);3乌鲁木齐市儿童不同性别间尿碘水平差异无统计学意义(Z=1.37,P0.05);克拉玛依市儿童不同性别间尿碘水平差异亦无统计学意义(Z=0.37,P0.05);4乌鲁木齐市儿童不同年龄组尿碘水平差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.365,P0.05);克拉玛依市儿童不同年龄组尿碘水平差异亦无统计学意义(χ2=0.319,P0.05);5乌鲁木齐市儿童甲状腺肿大率为1.20%,克拉玛依市为零。结论乌鲁木齐市和克拉玛依市儿童碘营养水平总体处于适宜状态,有必要继续保持对学龄儿童碘营养水平的动态持续性监测,为政府制定政策提供依据。     

汽油对作业工人健康影响的调查分析

为了解新疆乌鲁木齐市某皮革制品厂汽油对作业工人健康的影响,2005年5~6月,我们对该厂接触汽油作业人员劳动条件及健康状况进行了调查,现报告如下。1调查方法1.1劳动条件调查:现场查看工人工作环境情况,了解工艺流程,根据《卫生防疫工作规范》(劳动卫生分册)要求,设点采集汽油样品,气相色谱分析,所用仪器均以校正。1.2健康检查:一般情况包括姓名、性别、年龄、工龄、职业史、既往史、中毒史等;自觉症状为神衰症候群、植物神经功能紊乱、消化系统症状、周围神经症状等;体征为血压、脉搏、心、肝、肺、脾检查,痛觉、闭目难立、三颤、皮划痕、…     

临床护士离职意愿与工作压力、工作满意度的关系分析

目的探讨临床护士离职意愿与工作压力、工作满意度的关系。方法 2015年6月至8月,对我县4家医院的265名护理人员分别应用压力源量表、满意度量表和离职意愿量表进行调查分析。结果护士工作满意度依次为:互相合作职业地位自主性组织决策工作任务收入;工作压力来源依次为:患者护理护理专业和工作工作时间分配及工作量工作环境和资源人际关系护理;离职意愿依次为:可能获得其他工作有寻找其他工作动机有辞职可能性。护理专业和工作方面的压力与护士离职意愿呈正相关;护士工作满意度的各个维度同离职意愿呈负相关;"收入、职业地位、工作任务和自主性"同离职意愿呈负相关。结论当前临床护士工作压力较大、工作满意度较低,离职意愿较强烈。相关部门应采取切实可行的措施,减轻护士工作压力、提高护士工作满意度,才能有效降低护士离职意愿,保持护理队伍的稳定,保证护理质量。     

Maternal and child health workforce profile and density in China since 1949: a systematic review

Background

Routine sources of information on the maternal and child health workforce in China are without clear definition and categorisation. The aim of the study was to systematically review all the evidence on China's maternal and child health workforce profile (ie, level of education, training, qualification, and professional title), and determine the density of the maternal and child health workforce.

Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of tuberculosis in children and mothers: evidence for action for maternal, neonatal, and child health services

Tuberculosis affected an estimated 8.8 million people and caused 1.4 million deaths globally in 2010, including a half-million women and at least 64 000 children. It also results in nearly 10 million cumulative orphans due to parental deaths. Moreover, it causes 6%-15% of all maternal mortality, which increases to 15%-34% if only indirect causes are considered. Increasingly, more women with tuberculosis are notified than men in settings with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and maternal tuberculosis increases the vertical transmission of HIV. Tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment services should be included as key interventions in the integrated management of pregnancy and child health. Tuberculosis screening using a simple clinical algorithm that relies on the absence of current cough, fever, weight loss, and night sweats should be used to identify eligible pregnant women living with HIV for isoniazid preventive therapy or for further investigation for tuberculosis disease as part of services for prevention of vertical HIV transmission. While implementing these simple, low-cost, effective interventions as part of maternal, neonatal, and child health services, the unmet basic and operational tuberculosis research needs of children, pregnant, and breastfeeding women should be addressed. National policy makers, program managers, and international stakeholders (eg, United Nations bodies, donors, and implementers) working on maternal, neonatal, and child health, especially in HIV-prevalent settings, should give due attention and include tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment services as part of their core functions and address the public health impacts of tuberculosis in their programs and services.     

Impact of moving into poverty on maternal and child mental health: longitudinal analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study

BackgroundThe UK Government has recently questioned whether relative measures of income poverty effectively reflect children's life chances. Although relative poverty is associated with poor maternal and child mental health, few studies have assessed the impact of moving into poverty on mental health outcomes. To inform this debate, we explored the association between transitions into poverty and mental health among children and their mothers using a nationally representative sample of children in the UK followed up between 2000 and 2012.MethodsOur analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study was based on 5877 singletons who participated in sweeps of the study at ages 9 months to 11 years and were not in relative poverty nor had maternal and child mental health problems when these measures were first recorded at 3 years old. The main outcomes were maternal psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress scale, K6) and child socioemotional behavioural problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) at ages 5, 7, and 11 years. The main exposure of interest was moving into relative poverty, defined as household equivalised income less than 60% of median household income, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development equivalence scale. Using discrete time-hazard models, we estimated odds ratios for subsequent maternal and child mental health of new transitions into poverty, while adjusting for baseline confounding. We further assessed how maternal mental health mediated any impact on child mental health.FindingsOverall 904 families (15·4%) experienced a new transition into poverty. After adjustment for confounders, transition into relative poverty increased the odds of maternal psychological distress (odds ratio 1·86, 95% CI 1·51–2·29) and socioemotional behaviour problems in children (1·37, 1·02–1·85). Controlling for maternal psychological distress reduced the odds of socioemotional behavioural problems in children, and rendered the association non significant (adjusted odds ratio 1·26, 95% CI 0·92–1·72).InterpretationIn this UK cohort, transitions into relative poverty, by use of the currently contested income-based definition, were associated with an increase in the risk of child and maternal mental health problems. Maternal mental health appeared to mediate the association between poverty transitions and child mental health. Actions to address child poverty are needed to tackle the mental health crisis in children in the UK.FundingSW, BB, and DT-R are funded by the Wellcome Trust.     

The neglected 'm' in MCH programmes--why mental health of mothers is important for child nutrition

In most societies, mothers are the primary providers of nutrition and care to young children. This is a demanding task, and poor physical or mental health in mothers might be expected to have adverse consequences on their children's health, nutrition and psychological well-being. Child nutrition programmes do not adequately address maternal mental health. In this article, we consider the evidence from less developed countries on whether maternal mental health influences child growth, with respect to evidence from both observational studies and from clinical trials. We estimate how much of the burden of undernutrition might be averted in one setting, and propose that promoting maternal mental health and treating maternal mental illness offer important new opportunities to tackle the twin scourges of maternal ill-health and child undernutrition.     

Mobilising financial resources for maternal health

Coverage of cost-effective maternal health services remains poor due to insufficient supply and inadequate demand for these services among the poorest groups. Households pay too great a share of the costs of maternal health services, or do not seek care because they cannot afford the costs. Available evidence creates a strong case for removal of user fees and provision of universal coverage for pregnant women, particularly for delivery care. To be successful, governments must also replenish the income lost through the abolition of user fees. Where insurance schemes exist, maternal health care needs to be included in the benefits package, and careful design is needed to ensure uptake by the poorest people. Voucher schemes should be tested in low-income settings, and their costs and relative cost-effectiveness assessed. Further research is needed on methods to target financial assistance for transport and time costs. Current investment in maternal health is insufficient to meet the fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG), and much greater resources are needed to scale up coverage of maternal health services and create demand. Existing global estimates are too crude to be of use for domestic planning, since resource requirements will vary; budgets need first to be developed at country-level. Donors need to increase financial contributions for maternal health in low-income countries to help fill the resource gap. Resource tracking at country and donor levels will help hold countries and donors to account for their commitments to achieving the maternal health MDG.     

Characteristics of strong commitments to intergenerational family care of older adults

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to describe the characteristics of strong commitment to home-based elder care among intergenerational family caregivers. METHODS: I conducted two qualitative studies using in-depth interviews with primary and secondary intergenerational caregivers. A total of 45 primary caregivers, 10 spouses, and 11 adult grandchildren discussed development of their relative's care, their caregiving experiences, use of paid services, and how caregiving affected their lives. I followed McCracken's five-step method for analysis of long interviews. RESULT: Strongly committed caregivers composed half of the total sample. All primary caregivers with strong commitments were women; some strongly committed secondary caregivers were men. Strong commitments had moral, religious, and affectionate bases. Participants gave compassionate care and reframed adverse situations as manageable challenges. Family members and paid providers assisted primary caregivers. Participants viewed caregiving as rewarding and as an opportunity to teach compassion to children. DISCUSSION: Results suggest that strongly committed intergenerational caregivers need support from both family and formal care services to sustain their commitments to care. Future research can investigate the role of resilience in caregiver commitments and develop caregiver commitment measures for use in elaborating models of informal long-term care.     

Factors affecting utilization of health care services by mothers of children ill with diarrhea in rural Vietnam

To examine the use of health services for the treatment of childhood diarrhea in three southern provinces of Vietnam, and identified household, maternal, child and health service characteristics associated with this use, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted between November 1998 and January 1999. Women with a pre-school aged child living at home were the primary respondents for the survey questionnaires. Respondents were asked to recall diarrheal disease events experienced by their child during the two weeks prior to interview, and their responses to these events. Prevalence ratios (PR) were used to identify associations between maternal age, education, occupation, ethnicity, knowledge about diarrhea, feeding practises during diarrhea, household residence and economic status, disease severity, use of oral rehydration solution (ORS), time to nearest health care facility and overall satisfaction with local medical services, and the use of health care services for children ill with diarrhea. The two-week period prevalence of childhood diarrhea was 10% and varied by the province and ethnicity of the child's mother. Forty-three percent of mothers reported using ORS during diarrheal episodes. Seventy percent of mothers sought advice or treatment when their child became ill with diarrhea. After controlling for potential confounders in regression models, maternal ethnicity, maternal high school education (in comparison to no education or incomplete primary education), more severe disease and the use of ORS were factors associated with increased utilization of health care services. There was a low level of the utilization of ORS to treat children with diarrhea, especially by ethnic minority mothers. A high percentage of mothers reported low levels of satisfaction with medical services, especially those from ethnic minorities. Mothers from ethnic minorities and those with lower levels of education were less likely to seek advice or treatment. These findings suggest the need for programs to promote the use of ORS and use of appropriate services for the treatment of childhood diarrheal disease. Interventions are needed to improve the access of ethnic minority children to child health care services for the treatment of diarrhea.     

Uncovering the care setting–turnover intention relationship of geriatric nurses

In times of global demographic changes, strategies are needed for improving nursing staff retention. We examined the association of care setting (nursing homes and home care) with geriatric nurses’ intention to leave their job and their profession. Thus far, it is unclear why nurses’ turnover intention and behaviour do not differ between care settings, although working conditions tend to be better in home care. We used the Job Demands-Resources model to explain indirect and buffering effects by job demands (time pressure, social conflicts) and resources (task identity, supervisor support, and co-worker support) via nurses’ perceived health and job satisfaction on nurses’ leaving intentions. The present cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted with a sample of N = 278 registered nurses and nursing aides in German geriatric care. As expected, there was no direct relationship between care setting and leaving attitudes. Demands and resources predicted the intention to leave with job satisfaction as mediator. We found more demands in nursing homes but no differences in resources. Serial mediation effects of care setting on intentions to leave via demands/resources and health/job satisfaction as mediators were found only for time pressure and social conflicts. Unexpectedly, there were no clear differences between intention to leave the job and the profession. As hypotheses were only partly confirmed, other buffering and detrimental effects on leaving intentions are discussed. The present data suggest that detailed concepts for personnel and career planning in geriatric care are needed.     

Factors Relating to Organizational Commitment of Older Male Employees in Japan

Recently, an increasing number of employers have provided employment opportunities for older adults. Yet, few studies pay attention to older employees’ perceptions of their employment. Using a Japanese national sample of 995 male employees aged 55 to 64, this study examined whether the existing research on organizational commitment applies to older employees, whether measures that are unique to older employees have significant relationships to their organizational commitment, and whether the effects of these factors differ by retirement status. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed significant relationships between employee organizational commitment and employment security, personal relationships in workplaces and job characteristics. Negative ageism and employer-sponsored programs for older employees also had significant relationships to organizational commitment. The effects of salary, job autonomy, job demands, and employer-sponsored programs differed by retirement status. While the study was consistent with the existing research, it also suggested the importance of measures that are unique to older employees.