抗原处理相关运载体等位基因与I型糖尿病的关联研究

目的 :探讨抗原处理相关运载体 (transporterassociatedwithantigenprocessing ,TAP)等位基因与I型糖尿病 (DM1)的关联性。方法 :用聚合酶链反应 序列特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交技术 ,对 5 2例DM1患者及 6 1例正常对照人群进行TAP1、TAP2等位基因变异位点氨基酸表型频率分析。结果 :DM1患者TAP1333位Ile Ile、6 37位Asp Asp、TAP2 379位Val Val纯合子表型频率显著低于对照 (P <0 0 0 5 ) ,DM1患者TAP1333位Ile Val、6 37位Asp Gly、TAP2 379位Ile Val杂合子表型频率明显高于对照 (P <0 0 0 5 )。TAP基因的其它变异位点氨基酸表型频率在DM1患者与正常对照组之间的差异无显著性意义。结论 :TAP1333位Ile Ile、6 37位Asp Asp、TAP2 379位Val Val纯合子表型可能是DM1的保护基因。TAP1333位Ile Val、6 37位Asp Gly、TAP2 379位Ile Val杂合子表型可能是DM1的易感基因     

抗原处理相关蛋白基因多态性及与多发性硬化的相关性

目的对广东地区汉族MS患者作抗原处理相关蛋白基因(TAP)分型,探讨这些基因与广东人群中MS遗传易感性的可能关系。方法采用PCR扩增阻碍突变系统(PCR-ARMS)法对30名无亲缘关系的MS的病人和95名无血缘关系的广东籍健康汉族人作TAP分型。结果TAPl-333、637位等位基因基因型在广东汉族MS组及NC组中均以I和D为主,TAP2-379、565、665等位基因基因型分别为:V-A-T;TAP1和TAP2各等位基因基因型频率在MS组和正常人组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论从目前调查的例数,广东人群中MS与TAP基因不关联。     

上海人群中TAP、LMP和HLA-DM基因多态性研究

调查上海人群中抗原处理相关基因TAP、LMP和HLA-DM的分布情况,并探索这些基因与自身免疫病类风湿关节炎(RA)、IgA肾炎(IgAN)和多发性硬化症(MS)的可能关联。应用PCR-SSO或PCR-RFLP技术对80名无血缘关系的上海地区正常人及156名RA患者、60名IgAN患者和21名MS患者作了TAP1、TAP2、LMP2、HLA-DMA和HLA-DMB基因分型。并作了两位点连锁不平衡分析。在该群体中,(1)共观察到4个TAP1、6个TAP2、2个LMP2、4个HLA-DMA和4个HLA-DMB等位基因;(2)在TAP1B-TAP2A、TAP1B-LMP2H和TAP2D-DMA*0101存在连锁不平衡(Pc<0.05);(3)本人群中IgAN和MS的遗传易感性与抗原处理相关基因无关,而RA患者中DMB*0101基因频率降低(P<0.01),TAP1C和DMB*0104等位基因频率显著升高(P<0.01)。比较分析表明,上海人群中抗原处理相关基因多态性与国外其他人种中的报道相似,本人群中IgAN和MS与抗原处理相关基因不关联,而TAP1C和DMB*0104等位基因可能是RA的遗传易感基因。     

抗原肽运载体TAP2基因与乙型肝炎病毒感染预后的相关性研究

目的　研究上海地区中国人群抗原肽运载体(transporter associated with antigen processing, TAP)基因与HBV感染以及慢性HBV感染和慢性肝炎并发肝硬化之间的相关性。方法　收集临床病例,检测乙型肝炎病毒标志,参照“病毒性肝炎防治方案2000”,选取101例乙型肝炎病毒感染者,21例HBV感染康复者及113例正常对照,进行TAP2 等位基因分型。对数据分组进行统计分析。结果　慢性乙型肝炎组的TAP2 *0201基因频率显著低于感染恢复组(χ2 =4.95, P<0.03);肝硬化组的TAP2 *0101基因频率显著高于正常对照组(χ2 =5.72, P<0.02);在慢性乙型肝炎并发肝硬化组中DR4与TAP2 *0101等位基因间存在显著的连锁不平衡(△=0.026,P<0.05)。结论　TAP2 *0101等位基因型携带者易感慢性乙型肝炎和乙型肝炎并发肝硬化,而TAP2 *0201则表现出对慢性乙型肝炎的抗性。两者均与HBV感染的预后似有一定相关。     

广东汉族人群LMP和TAP基因多态性及与变应性鼻炎的相关性

目的对广东地区汉族变应性鼻炎患者作抗原处理相关肽(TAP)和低分子量多肽(LMP)分型,探讨这些基因与广东人群中变应性鼻炎遗传易感性的可能关系。方法采用PCR扩增阻碍突变系统(PCR-ARMS)法和PCR-RFLP法对62名无亲缘关系的变应性鼻炎病人和95名无血缘关系的广东籍健康汉族人作TAP、LMP分型。结果TAPl-333、637位等位基因基因型在广东汉族变应性鼻炎组及正常对照组中均以I和D为主,TAP2-379、565、665等位基因基因型分别为V-A-T。TAP1和TAP2各等位基因基因型频率在变应性鼻炎组和正常人组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。变应性鼻炎患者LMP7A/A频率占8.70%,低于正常对照组的21.35%,有显著差异(P<0.05),其余各型与正常对照组无明显差异(P>0.05)。变应性鼻炎病人中LMP7等位基因A的频率占36.23%,B的频率占63.77%,与正常对照组的A为47.09%、B为52.91%有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论提示LMP7等位基因A与AR的发病呈负关联,B与AR的发病呈正关联。变应性鼻炎与TAP基因可能无相关性.     

济南汉族人群HLA-A、B、DRB1等位基因高分辨多态性分析

目的 分析济南地区汉族人群人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigens,HLA)-A、B、DRB1座位等位基因的高分辨多态性.方法 采用PCR-测序分型(PCR-sequence-based typing,PCR-SBT)对鲁南地区483名无血缘关系的汉族健康个体进行HLA-A、B、DRB1座位高分辨基因分型,采用Arlequin3.5软件计算等位基因频率、单倍型频率,并就常见等位基因与其他人群进行比较.结果 济南汉族HLA-A、B、DRB1座位分别检出27、56和41个等位基因,其中等位基因频率分布最高的分别是A* 11∶01 (0.1615)、B*13∶02(0.1163)和DRB1* 07∶01 (0.1763);最常见的A*-B*-DRB1*单倍型是A*30∶01-B* 13∶02-DRB1* 07∶01 (0.0867).结论 济南地区汉族人群HLA-A、B、DRB1等位基因和单倍型具有较高的多态性.     

皖籍汉族人群HLA-DM基因的遗传多态性分析

目的：了解正常皖籍汉族人群的HLA-DM遗传多态性及DMA与DMB基因之间的连锁不平衡。方法：采用PCR-RFLP法。结果：皖籍汉族人群中DMA*0101-0103 等位基因频率分布依次为68．4％、29．8％、1．8％。DMB*0101-0104等位基因频率分布依次为62.2％、17．6％、18．9％、1．3％。DMA和DMB的基因型均以0101/0101和0101/0102为最高。DMA*0101-DMB*0101和DMA*0102-DMB*0101单体型实测频率与期望频率差异有显著性。结论：皖籍汉族人群中的HLA-DM基因的遗传多态性与其他种族人群不完全相同，DMA与DMB基因之间存在连锁不平衡。     

GSTM1、GSTT1缺失和GSTP1基因多态性与原发无精症的相关性研究

目的 探讨谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)基因家族中GSTM1、GSTT1缺失和GSTP1多态性与汉族人群原发性无精子症的相关性.方法 采用病例对照研究的方法,应用多重PCR及PCR-限制性片段长度多态性技术检测236例汉族原发无精症患者和142名正常生育男性的GSTM1、GSTT1基因缺失和GSTP1基因(Ile/Val)多态性.结果 M1(-/-)和P1(Ile/Val或Val/Val)联合基因型在对照组中分布为24.65％(35/142),高于病例组的15.68％(37/236),差异有统计学意义(P=0.031)；M1(-/-),T1(+/+)和P1(Ile/Val或Val/Val)联合基因型在对照组中分布为12.68％ (18/142),高于病例组的5.51％(13/236),差异有统计学意义(P=0.014).结论 M1(-/-)和P1(Ile/Val或Val/Val)联合基因型以及M1(-/-),T1(+/+)和P1(Ile/Val或Val/Val)联合基因型可能降低男性患无精症的风险.     

山东省烟台和威海地区汉族HLA-A、B和DRB1等位基因多态性及遗传距离分析

目的 分析山东省烟台和威海地区汉族人群人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)-A、B、DRB1等位基因的多态性分布特征,并探讨该人群与其他人群的亲缘关系.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针方法(polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific olignucleotide probe,PCR-SSOP)对山东省烟台和威海地区4062名无亲缘关系的汉族健康个体进行HLA-A、B、DRB1基因分型.采用Arlequin3.5软件计算HLA等位基因频率、单倍型频率和连锁不平衡参数,按内氏公式计算出不同人群之间的遗传距离,并利用Mega5.0软件构建系统发生树.结果 该人群HLA-A、B、DRB1等位基因分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P＞0.1).3个基因座分别检出18、33和13个等位基因,其中等位基因频率分布最高的分别是A* 02 (0.2935)、B* 15 (0.1485)和DRB1* 15 (0.1621);最常见的单倍型为A* 30-B* 13-DRB1* 07(0.0649),A* 33-B* 58、A*66-DRB1* 13、B*08-DRB1* 03呈现最强的连锁不平衡;山东省烟台和威海汉族人群与吉林省汉族人群遗传距离最小,为0.0034.结论 山东省烟台和威海地区汉族人群HLA-A、B、DRB1等位基因和单倍型具有较高的遗传多态性,该人群与吉林汉族人群亲缘关系最近.     

HER-2基因Ile655Val多态性与结直肠癌易感性分析

目的 探讨HER-2原癌基因Ile655Val多态性与结直肠癌易感性的相关性,及其在自然人群中的分布频率.方法 应用病例对照研究,对浙江省嘉善县292例结直肠癌患者和842名健康对照者采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测HER-2基因密码子655基因型.结果 结直肠癌组HER-2基因Ile/Val+Val/Val基因型频率(25.34%)和Val等位基因频率(13.36%)均显著高于对照组(18.41%和9.74%)(P<0.05).与Ile/lie基因型携带者相比,Ile/Val+Val/Val基因型携带者患结直肠癌的风险增加(OR=1.54,95%CI:1.11～2.14).HER-2基因多态性与吸烟、饮酒的交互作用OR值分别为1.43(95%CI:0.88～2.30)和1.29(95%CI:0.73～2.29).结论 HER-2基因Ile655Val多态性与结直肠癌易感性相关,但是这种多态性与吸烟、饮酒在结直肠癌发生中不存在交互作用.     

Allelic variation at the TAP 1 locus influences disease phenotype in HLA-B27 positive individuals with ankylosing spondylitis

Abstract: The objective was to determine the role of the TAP 1 gene in influencing the phenotype of disease in adult patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The distribution of TAP 1 gene alleles was determined using the PCR RFLP method and restriction enzymes Bcl I and Ace I. The study population included 115 HLA-B27 positive patients with well-documented AS and 41 HLA-B27 positive normal controls. No significant difference in distribution of TAP 1 alleles was noted in comparisons of all AS patients with normal controls. However, AS patients with extraspinal disease were noted to have a significantly increased prevalence of the TAP 1B allele (17.0%) as compared to AS patients without extraspinal disease (2.9%) (P=0.005) or normal controls (1.9%) (P=0.005). Polymorphism at the TAP 1 locus may influence disease outcome in patients with AS.     

TAP1 and TAP2 polymorphism in Spanish patients with ankylosing spondylitis

OBJECTIVE: HLA-B27 is strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS); however, the association is not absolute and additional susceptibility factors in the MHC region could play a role. We studied the influence of polymorphism in the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) genes, including point mutations not previously analyzed. METHODS: HLA-B*27 typing and subtyping as well as TAP1 and TAP2 typing were performed by PCR-RFLP. Forty-four AS individuals were compared to 61 ethnically matched random individuals and 35 B*27-positive healthy unrelated individuals as controls. RESULTS: The frequency of the TAP1B allele was significantly greater in the patient group compared with the random controls (corrected p value (p(c)) = 0.035; odds ratio = 15.8, p = 0.01). A greater frequency was also evident when B*27-positive patients and B*27- positive healthy controls were compared, although it did not reach statistical significance. No differences were observed in TAP2 alleles between the groups studied. DISCUSSION: We did not find a primary association between TAP2 polymorphism and AS susceptibility. Formal confirmation of a linkage between the TAP and HLA-B loci would probably require family studies.     

Association of HLA genes with ankylosing spondylitis in Han population of eastern China

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with a multifactorial genetic basis. HLA-B27 was reported with the greatest susceptibility to AS but did not act alone. The aim of this study was to search for other gene(s) associated with AS independently of HLA-B27 using 13 microsatellite markers spanning 1.5 Mb from locus TAP1 to HLA-Cw and a single-nucleotide polymorphism marker within NFkappaBIL1 gene promoter. Genotyping for microsatellites was performed in 175 AS patients of eastern Chinese and 219 ethnically matched healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction with fluorescence-labelled primers, whereas the SNP marker was genotyped by direct DNA sequencing. Allele as well as haplotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls, and a linkage disequilibrium analysis was performed to estimate the LD relationship between the candidate regions. The frequencies of alleles D6S2811*128, STR_MICA*A5.1 and D6S2672*109, as well as haplotypes D6S2811*128-D6S2927*213-D6S2810*340, D6S2927* 221-D6S2810*350-MICA*A5.1, and D6S2810*350-MICA*A5.1-D6S2800* 136 were significantly increased in B27-positive AS patients when compared with B27-positive controls. The results indicated that there may be other gene(s) within the HLA region, especially around locus HLA-B or HLA-Cw, with susceptibility to AS independently of HLA-B27.     

HLA-B27 in the Greek Cypriot population: distribution of subtypes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and other HLA-B27-related diseases. The possible protective role of B*2707

The major purpose of the present study was to investigate the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 alleles in healthy controls and in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and other HLA-B27–related diseases in the Greek Cypriot population. We selected 102 HLA-B27–positive individuals (60 controls and 42 patients). Typing of the HLA-B27 alleles was performed by polymerase chain reaction amplification with sequence-specific primers. Only two alleles were detected in the patient group: B*2702 (n = 31, 73.8%) and B*2705 (n = 11, 26.2%). The HLA-B*2707 allele was detected (n = 10, 16.7%) only in the healthy controls in addition to the B*2702 (n = 31, 51.7%) and B*2705 (n = 19, 31.7%) alleles. Our results show a restricted number of HLA-B27 subtypes associated with AS and other B27-related diseases and an elevated frequency of the B*2702 allele in the AS patients. The allele B*2707 seems to have a protective role in the population studied because it was found only in the healthy controls.     

Immunogenetic study of a new HLA allele,B*2723

A novel HLA-B*27 allele (B*2723) detected by irregular serological and PCR-SSP typing results was identified by nucleotide sequencing of exons 2 and 3. B*2723 differs from B*27052 by nine nucleotides which encode seven amino acid changes at positions 63 (Glu to Asn), 67 (Cys to Phe), 69 (Ala to Thr), 70 (Lys to Asn), 71 (Ala to Thr), 74 (Asp to Tyr) and 77 (Asp to Ser) in the alpha1 helix. All these substitutions are possessed by B*35 alleles suggesting that B*2723 was created by a gene conversion-like event involving B*27052 and a B*35 allele. Using the HLA-A*26 and DRB1*12 alleles of the B*2723-bearing haplotype as 'markers', two further examples of B*2723 were found in 29,851 blood donors. Therefore, B*2723 has a 'minimum' gene frequency of 0.000034 (phenotype frequency 0.0067%) in blood donors resident in Wales. In all three families, B*2723 was present on a haplotype with: A*26; Cw*0202; DRB1*1201/6/7; DRB3*02; DQA1*05; DQB1*0301. The B*2723 product failed to react with HLA-B27 antisera and reacted weakly or not at all with Bw4 antisera. Lack of the ECAKA motif at amino acid positions 63, 67, 69-71 probably accounts for lack of the B27 specificity while the amino acid combination 74Y, 77S, 80T, 81L may cause aberrant Bw4 reactivity.     

TAP polymorphism is not associated with ankylosing spondylitis and complications with acute anterior uveitis in HLA-B27-positive Japanese

Abstract: HLA-B27 is associated with the etiology of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and acute anterior uveitis (AAU). Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) 1 and TAP2 polymorphism influences the range of peptide presented by HLA class I molecules. In this report, contribution of TAP polymorphism to the susceptibility to AS and AAU was studied in HLA-B27-positive Japanese individuals. Patients were classified into three groups: 16 AS patients, 14 AAU patients and 22 patients with both AS and AAU. Twelve HLA-B27-positive healthy individuals were included as a control. TAP polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLP methods. Significant differences in frequencies of TAP1 alleles were not found between patient groups. None of the TAP2 frequencies showed increased or decreased frequencies compared with HLA-B27-positive healthy controls. In comparison with a random Japanese control, TAP2D allele frequency was significantly increased in the AAU group, but failed to reach a significant level in a group consisting of the AAU-only patients and the patients with both AS and AAU. All of the patient groups were noted to have a significantly increased prevalence of the TAP2H allele as compared to random controls; however, the higher frequency of this allele was detected in HLA-B27 healthy controls as well. These observations suggest a linkage disequilibrium between TAP2D, TAP2H and HLA-B27 in Japanese.     

Linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles; no primary association between TAP2 variants and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

The TAP1 and TAP2 genes, located in the HLA class II region, encode subunits of a peptide transporter. Both genes display limited genetic variability; four different nucleotide substitutions have been found in theTAP2 gene. Here studies on linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles are reported, in an attempt to evaluate whether TAP2 variants are associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). As reported previously, a significant decrease of homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding alanine at residue 665 (665 Ala) and glut amine at 687 (687 Gin) paralleled by an increase in homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding threonine at residue 665 (665 Thr) and a stop codon at 687 (687 Stop), was found in both Finnish and Norwegian IDDM patients compared to random controls. However, a strong linkage disequilibrium between these TAP2 polymorphisms and given HLA-DR and -DQ genes was observed among healthy controls. The frequent 665 Thr and 687 Stop variants were in linkage disequilibrium both with the DR4-DQ8 and the DR3-DQ2 haplotypes, haplotypes which are strongly associated with IDDM. In contrast, the DR1-DQ5 and DR13-DQ6 (e.g. DQB1*0603) haplotypes, which are decreased among IDDM patients, were associated with the 665 Ala and 687 Gin variants. Thus, when DR- and DQ-matched patients and controls were compared, associations of the investigated TAP2 variants and IDDM were no longer detectable. These data, therefore, indicate that the associations previously found between certain TAP2 variants and IDDM are secondary to a primary association between this disease and particular DQαβ heterodimers.     

HLA-B27 subtypes in chinese patients with ankylosing spondylitis

The HLA-B27 allele has been extensively studied due to its strong association with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In order to identify B27 alleles in Chinese patients with AS from the Shanghai area, we joined the AHS#5 of the 12 IHW and total of 68 B27 positive patients and 7 B27 positive normal persons have been investigated using polymerase chain reaction and Dig-ddTUP labeled oligonucleotides. Three primer pairs, E403 and E90as, E91As and E136as, E91Bs and E18as, were used to amplify codons 40-90 of HLA-B related alleles, codon 91 to 136 of HLA-B^*2701-B^*2706 and B^*2708 and codons 91-180 of B^*2707. A total of 11 probes were used to distinguish 8 B^*27 alleles from B^*2701 to B^*2708. 68 AS patients contain 69 B27 alleles because one patient is heterozygous B^*2704/B^*2705. A total of 4 alleles of B^*27 were detected in the AS-patient group. B^*2704 is the most common B^*27 allele in both AS patients and controls with similar frequency, 76.8% and 71.4%, respectively. We found a high proportion of B^*2705 in both AS patient (20.3%) and control (28.6%) groups. Although the control group is quite small we are still able to deduce that B^*2704 and probably also B^*2705 seem to be associated with AS in Shanghai area patients We also found one AS allele typed as B^*2707. Interestingly, for the first time we detected B^*2706 in an AS patient, which would argue against a protective effect of B^*2706 on AS susceptibility in Shanghai Chinese. The conclusion from this study is that the distribution of B^*27 alleles is not significantly different between AS patients and controls. Expanded numbers of AS patients and especially of healthy controls in different ethnic groups will be necessary to assess the contribution of different B27 subtypes to AS susceptibility.     

强直性脊柱炎患者MICA基因第2、3和4外显子的多态性及其与HLA-B抗原的连锁不平衡

目的探讨皖籍汉族人群MICA基因（major histocompatibility complex class Ⅰchain-related gene A，MICA）第2、3、4外显子的多态性，及其与HLA-B抗原的连锁不平衡在强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis，AS）发病中的作用。方法采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交（polymerase chain reactionsequence-specific oligonucleotide probing，PCR-SS0）技术对56例AS患者和112名正常对照人群进行MICA基因第2、3、4外显子的多态性和HLA-B抗原的检测。结果AS患者和正常对照人群的MICA等位基因分布均以MICA＊008占优势，频率分别为32．14％和30．36％。两组人群MICA＊007等位基因的分布差异有统计学意义（X^2=10．18，P〈0．05，RR=2．50）。单倍型分析显示，AS患者和正常对照人群的MICA等位基因均显示出与多个HLA-B位点的连锁不平衡现象，两组间差异有统计学意义的单倍型为MICA＊007-B27（X^2=18．46，P〈0．05，RR=7．47）。分层分析结果显示，HLA-B27阳性与AS的相关性有统计学意义（P〈0．05），但MICA＊007基因与AS的相关性无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论AS患者中MICA＊007等位基因频率的显著升高可能源于MICA基因与HLA-B位点间的广泛连锁不平衡。     

Sequence, genetics and serology of a new HLA-B allele: B*4903

A new HLA-B allele - B*4903 - was detected by the polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific priming (PCR-SSP), in a Caucasoid bone marrow panel donor, that differs from B*4901 by 8 nucleotides at positions 141, 142, 144, 165, 167, 193, 206 and 213 in exon 2. These substitutions all occur in HLA-B*51 and B*52 alleles and encode 4 amino acid substitutions at positions 24 (Thr to Ala), 32 (Leu to Gln), 41 (Thr to Ala) and 45 (Lys to Thr). This suggests that B*4903 occurred following a gene conversion-like event involving B*4901 and probably a B*51 allele. HLA-B*4903 was identified on a haplotype with: HLA-A*0201; Cw*07; DRB1*1302/34; DRB3*0301; DQA1*0102; DQB1*0604; BfS; C4A3; C4BQ0 and encodes a unique serological specificity which was characterised by the reactivity of 55 antisera directed towards at least four predicted epitopes. No further examples of B*4903 were found in 15,796 consecutive HLA PCR-SSP typed donors from the Welsh Bone Marrow Donor Registry, indicating that this allele has a phenotype frequency of <0.01% and a gene frequency of <0.00004.