Budd-Chiari综合征CT检查的临床分析

目的探讨Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)肝脏多层CT动态增强表现,分析多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描在BCS诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析31例BCS患者的CT图像资料。观察肝脏形态、密度、强化方式,肝静脉及下腔静脉显影情况及肝内、外侧支循环显示情况。结果 31例中,肝静脉阻塞28例(90.3%)、下腔静脉阻塞14例(45.1%),肝静脉合并下腔静脉阻塞11例(35.5%)。31例患者均出现肝内或肝外侧枝循环,其中肝外侧枝循环出现共29例(93.5%),肝内侧枝循环出现9例(29.0%)。结论多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描能够较好的显示布-加综合征阻塞的部位及肝内外侧支循环静脉,对BCS的诊断具有重要价值。     

3D DCE MRA在诊断Budd-Chiari综合征中的应用价值

目的评价三维对比动态增强磁共振血管成像(3D DCE MRA)在诊断Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)中的价值。方法8例BCS术前接受了常规MRI和3D DCE MRA检查,着重于回顾性分析其3D DCE MRA表现。结果8例3D DCE MRA检查显示下腔静脉阻塞3例,下腔静脉和肝静脉阻塞5例。下腔静脉阻塞部位在肝段5例、膈段1例及膈上段2例,阻塞表现形式包括膜性1例及节段性7例。伴有肝静脉阻塞的5例中肝静脉开口处阻塞3例,肝静脉分支阻塞2例。8例中有5例显示肝内侧枝循环,包括肝包膜下静脉侧枝循环、叶间静脉侧枝循环及肝内未定型侧枝循环。8例均显示肝外侧枝循环,包括深层静脉侧枝循环、中层静脉侧枝循环、浅层静脉侧枝循环及门静脉侧枝循环。8例BCS的其他征象包括肝实质信号异常、肝脏形态改变、下腔静脉内血栓形成、脾大、腹水及胸水。结论3D DCE MRA在诊断BCS中具有很高的价值,是诊断和治疗前后全面评价BCS的无创性血管成像技术。     

Budd—Chiari综合征多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描及CT血管成像分析

目的:探讨Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)肝脏多层CT动态增强规律,分析多层螺旋cT动态增强扫描及CT血管成像(CTA)技术在BCS诊断中的应用价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析45例BCS的多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描图像,并进行血管重建,分析BCS的多层螺旋CT动态增强规律,评价其在判断血管梗阻平面及显示肝内、外侧支循环中的价值.结果:45例中,肝静脉阻塞(狭窄)26例(57.8%)、下腔静脉阻塞(狭窄)6例(13.3%)和肝静脉合并下腔静脉阻塞(狭窄)13例(28.9%).布-加综合症肝实质典型的增强方式表现为首先出现在肝门区和尾状叶的、以肝内门静脉小支为中心的斑片状增强,随时间延迟增强范围逐渐扩大(29例).结论:螺旋多层CT动态增强扫描能够准确地反映BCS患者肝脏血流动力学变化,结合CTA技术,能够更直观、准确地显示血管梗阻平面及肝内、外侧支循环.     

Budd-Chiari综合征多层CT动态增强扫描及CT血管成像分析

目的探讨Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)肝脏多层CT动态强化规律及形成机制，分析CT血管成像(CTA)在BCS诊断中的应用价值。方法经DSA证实的28例BCS患者，在DSA检查前1周内行多层CT动态增强扫描，并对其相关血管分别以最大密度投影法(MIP)、容积成像法(VR)和多平面重建法(MPR)进行血管重建。分析BCS患者的肝脏多层CT动态强化规律，并以DSA结果为对照，评价多层CT动态增强扫描及CTA技术在判断血管梗阻平面及显示肝内、外侧支循环中的价值。结果与DSA对照，28例BCS中多层CT扫描准确判断梗阻平面者26例，未能诊断者2例，为膈肌水平以上的下腔静脉膜性阻塞。22例肝静脉梗阻的患者中，CT动态增强扫描表现为肝脏典型斑片状强化者19例，不典型强化者3例，8例出现肝内良性结节，同时还显示门脉分支狭窄、僵直20例，肝动脉增粗14例，肝内侧支静脉开放20例。6例单纯性下腔静脉梗阻患者未出现肝脏异常表现。结论肝内、外侧支静脉的出现与梗阻部位有关。多层CT动态增强扫描能够准确地反映BCS患者肝脏血流动力学变化，结合CTA技术，能够更直观、准确地显示血管梗阻平面及肝内、外侧支循环。     

增强MRI观测Budd-Chiari综合征患者肝尾状叶静脉及意义

目的 利用增强MRI观察Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)患者肝尾状叶静脉,探讨其临床意义.方法 回顾性分析于本院行增强MRI的46例BCS患者(BCS组)、30例乙型病毒性肝炎后肝硬化患者(乙肝肝硬化组)及49例肝脏正常者(正常对照组)的影像资料.计算3组尾状叶静脉的显示率及测量BCS组的尾状叶静脉管径.将BCS组中能显示尾状叶静脉的病例根据病程和下腔静脉是否梗阻各分为2组,进行管径的对比研究.结果 ①BCS组、乙肝肝硬化组及正常对照组尾状叶静脉显示率分别为76.1%、30.0%及36.7%, BCS组尾状叶静脉显示率高于乙肝肝硬化组和正常对照组(P<0.01),乙肝肝硬化组与正常对照组尾状叶静脉显示率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).②BCS组中能显示尾状叶静脉的有35例,平均管径为(4.21±1.66)mm.慢性组尾状叶静脉管径大于急性组(P<0.05).下腔静脉梗阻组尾状叶静脉管径大于下腔静脉通畅组(P<0.05).结论 尾状叶静脉的增强MRI在BCS诊断和病情评估中具有重要意义.     

CT及MRI对Budd-Chiari综合征中副肝静脉的检测及临床意义

目的 探讨Budd-Chiari综合征中副肝静脉的CT、MRI表现,评价其在Budd-Chiari综合征诊断与治疗中的价值. 资料与方法 有CT、MRI资料的Budd-Chiari综合征病例24例(其中22例行介入诊疗),观察副肝静脉的CT、MRI表现,结合DSA表现和介入治疗方法 讨论副肝静脉的临床意义. 结果 24例Budd-Chiari综合征患者中, 20例检测到副肝静脉, 显示率83.3%.典型的副肝静脉主要分布于肝VI段及临近肝组织内,表现为与下腔静脉相通的管道. 结论 在大多数Budd-Chiari 综合征患者中CT及MRI可以直观地观察副肝静脉的形态、侧支循环情况及其与下腔静脉的交通情况, 对该病的诊断、治疗方案的制定和预后判断都有重要意义.     

Budd-Chiari综合征的磁共振影像分析

目的：探讨MRI对Budd-Chiari综合征的诊断价值.方法：回顾性分析24例经DSA证实的Budd-Chiari综合征MRI表现.所有病例均采用FSPGR T1和FRFSE T2序列扫描.其中12例行FSPGR T1动态增强扫描.结果：肝静脉型6例,下腔静脉型8例,混合型10例,其中合并肝静脉或下腔静脉血栓6例.急性6例,亚急性6例,慢性12例.所有病例均有不同程度的肝肿大.肝脏尾叶增大20例,肝实质信号不均匀12例,肝内侧支血管17例,副肝静脉2例,肝外侧枝血管16例,脾大腹水16例,合并肝癌和脾梗死各1例.结论：MR能直接显示下腔静脉和肝静脉的狭窄,明确诊断并分型.并能根据不同时期信号特点和侧支血管分布的影像特征对其进行分期,判断疾病的病程和预后.MR是一个独立的非侵袭性的多方面评价Budd-Chiari综合征的方法.     

多层螺旋CT诊断肝静脉阻塞型布加综合征临床分析

布加综合征(Budd-Chiari syndrome,BCS)是由于多种原因引起肝静脉和(或)肝段下腔静脉部分或完全性闭塞,引起患者肝脾肿大,顽固性腹水及门脉高压等症状一组临床症候群[1,2]。本文通过对30例肝静脉阻塞型BCS患者采用多层螺旋CT增强扫描(MSCT),并与数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查结果进行对比,探讨其临床价值。     

Budd-Chiari综合征:肝静脉病变的多排螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨多排螺旋CT(MSCT)对Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)肝静脉阻塞病变的诊断价值。方法对比分析26例BCS的肝静脉血管造影和术前1周内的MSCT平扫与增强扫描表现。结果26例MSCT横断面图像和重建图像显示肝静脉共计70条,其中56条肝静脉闭塞,包括13条肝右静脉闭塞,21条肝中静脉闭塞,22条肝左静脉闭塞;另显示21条副肝静脉代偿性增粗;其中1例肝右静脉伴有血栓形成。与下腔静脉或经皮肝穿刺肝静脉造影相比,肝静脉的符合率为92.11%。结论MSCT能准确显示BCS肝静脉的血流动力学变化、阻塞部位,性质以及肝内交通支情况,诊断价值高,能可靠的指导制订治疗方案。     

Budd-Chiari综合征的MRI诊断及其与血管造影的比较

目的：探讨MRI对Budd-Chiari综合征（BCS）的诊断价值。方法：对12例BCS患者先后行MRI和血管造影检查，然后将两种检查结果进行比较。结果：12支下腔静脉中，MRI及血管造影均清晰显示10支有阻塞，并能判断其阻塞类型（节段性阻塞7例，膜性阻塞3例）；36支肝静脉中，MRI清楚显示18例肝静脉阻塞（肝右静脉8支，肝中静脉5支，肝左静脉5支），18支通畅（肝右静脉4支，肝中静脉7支，肝左静脉7支），而血管造影见31支肝静脉未显影（肝右静脉7支，肝中静脉12支，肝左静脉12支），5支显影（肝右静脉5支）。根据检查结果的BCS分型，MRI为单纯下腔静脉阻塞4例，单纯肝静脉阻塞2例，并有两者阻塞者6例；而血管造影因肝静脉分支多不能显影，难以作出分型诊断。结论：MRI对Budd-Chiari综合征的分型、梗阻的定位、定性较血管造影有明显优势，应作为介入治疗前的常规检查。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.