Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract from Paullinia cupana Mart

The antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract from Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis Mart. (Sapindaceae) seeds, commonly called guarana, was assessed towards selected bacteria as well as in different antioxidant models. The extract, at a concentration between 16 and 128 microg/ml, showed a significant antibacterial effect expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In particular, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=16 microg/ml), Proteus mirabilis (MIC=32 microg/ml), Proteus vulgaris (MIC=32 microg/ml) and Escherichia coli (MIC=32 microg/ml) were the most inhibited. The antioxidant activity was determined by the malonyldialdehyde (MDA) test, measuring the MDA concentration in 3T3-L1 cells after induced cellular damage using ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). The reduction of lipid peroxidation was 62.5% using a guarana extract with a concentration of 2 microg/ml. This effect was dose/dependent. The ethanol extract from Paullinia cupana seeds was analysed by spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of catechol substances after treatment of the extract with p-aminophenol. The total phenolics content in the ethanol extract was also determined spectrophotometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and calculated as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). The concentration of catechol equivalent was 6.06+/-0.13 mg/g (mean+/-S.D.), while the total phenolic content was 8.43+/-0.21 mg/g (mean+/-S.D.). The correlation index between antioxidant activity and catechol content was 0.96.     

桑叶发酵前后总黄酮、总酚酸含量变化及抗氧化活性研究

目的:比较桑叶70%乙醇提取物液体发酵前后的抗氧化活性,并考察发酵前后总黄酮、总酚酸含量的变化。方法:利用冠突散囊菌在桑叶70%乙醇提取物的液体培养基中发酵培养,将得到的发酵液和未发酵的桑叶70%乙醇提取物以抗坏血酸和EDTA为阳性对照,针对指定指标(DPPH、ABTS、FRAP、OH·、螯合能力)进行体外抗氧化活性试验;并对发酵前后总黄酮、总酚酸含量进行测定。结果:未发酵桑叶70%乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性整体优于液体发酵后的抗氧化活性。其中未发酵桑叶70%乙醇提取物对DPPH、ABTS、螯合能力的IC50值分别为:4.69mg·ml-1、2.03mg·ml-1、20.89mg·ml-1,而液体发酵后的桑叶70%乙醇提取物三者的IC50值分别为:12.42mg·ml-1、2.65mg·ml-1、14.81mg·ml-1;同时含量测定结果显示,发酵后桑叶中总多酚含量较发酵前明显下降,而发酵后桑叶中总黄酮含量却明显高于发酵前总黄酮含量。其中发酵前桑叶中总黄酮、总酚酸含量分别为4.39mg·ml-1、3.95mg·ml-1,而发酵后桑叶中总黄酮含量高达8.53mg·g-1,总酚酸却下降为1.24mg·g-1。结论:桑叶70%乙醇提取物液体发酵前后体外均具有一定的抗氧化活性,但发酵前抗氧化作用较明显。此外通过微生物转化,显著性提高桑叶中总黄酮含量的同时,却降低了桑叶中总酚酸含量,因此可以推测,桑叶中起到抗氧化作用的主要成分并非是黄酮类化合物,而是非黄酮类的多酚类成分。     

半枝莲乙醇提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

目的分析半枝莲乙醇提取物及不同极性溶剂萃取后体外抗氧化活性。方法乙醇提取半枝莲黄酮类化合物,以石油醚、乙酸乙脂、正丁醇分别萃取得各部分化合物,200～750 nm吸收光谱扫描,进行ABTS+、羟自由基、DPPH自由基清除实验。结果半枝莲乙醇提取物具有明显抗ABTS+、羟自由基、DPPH自由基活性,不同极性溶剂萃取半枝莲黄酮对其抗氧化能力有不同程度影响。结论半枝莲乙醇提取物具有明显抗氧化活性,分类萃取可降低其抗氧化活性。     

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities of Taxillus sutchuenensis

Inflammation is related to several chronic diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis. Taxillus sutchuenensis (Lecomte) Danser is a special folk medicinal plant in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities of the aqueous-thanol extract from T. sutchuenensis (AETS) and its fractions. TEAC, DPPH radicals, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content, inhibition of NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation were tested. Among all fractions, the ethyl-acetate (EA) fraction showed the highest TEAC and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The EA fraction also had the highest polyphenol and flavonoid content. The EA fractions also decreased LPS-induced NO production and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells. The antiproliferative activities of the aqueous/ethanol extract and fractions were studied in vitro using A549 cells, and the results were consistent with their antioxidant capacities. EA fractions had the highest antiproliferative activity with an IC(50) of 454.38 ± 1.48 μg/ml. Quercetin also had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities. Quercetin might be an important bioactive compound in T. sutchuenensis. The experimental data indicated that T. sutchuenensis is a potent antioxidant medicinal plant, and such efficacy may be mainly attributed to its polyphenolic compounds.     

玄参中多酚类化合物的抗氧化活性研究

目的 采用超声法分别以不同提取时间、不同浓度乙醇水溶液和不同极性提取溶剂对玄参中多酚类化合物进行提取.方法 采用Folin-Ciocalteu方法测定玄参不同提取物的总多酚含量,并通过DPPH抗氧化活性体外评价体系测定玄参不同提取物的抗氧化活性、清除自由基的能力.结果 40%乙醇提取物的总多酚含量最高,而20%乙醇提取物具有最好的清除DPPH自由基的能力.结论玄参中多酚类化合物具有较好的体外抗氧化活性.     

HPLC fingerprint of a flower extract of Tilia × viridis and correlation with antiproliferative and antioxidant activity

Tilia species have been used in Europe and in America to treat anxiety and also for the treatment of colds, influenza, bronchitis, fever and inflammation. Tilia × viridis is a Tilia species distributed widely in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The flavonoids present in Tilia species have antioxidant properties, acting as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, principally on hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the superoxide anion (O(2)(·-)), which are involved in many diseases, including cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical pattern of the ethanol extract of Tilia × viridis, principally the flavonoid content, and to evaluate the antiproliferative effects on both normal and tumoral cells, and the antioxidant activity in relation to H(2)O(2) modulation. The extract was found to present a selective antiproliferative activity on a lymphoma cell line and this was related to free radical scavenging activity. In addition, one of its main compounds, rutin, showed antioxidant effects related to peroxidase activity. T. × viridis may therefore be a source of antioxidant compounds that contribute to a selective antiproliferative action on tumoral cells, acting by modulation of H(2)O(2) levels.     

Protective effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds in experimental ethanol toxicity

The study investigates the effect of aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in experimental ethanol toxicity in rats. The ability of the seed extract to prevent iron-induced lipid peroxidation in vitro was also investigated. Ethanol feeding for 60 days resulted in significant increases in the activities of serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. The levels of serum lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in liver and brain were also significantly elevated. Significantly lower activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were observed in liver and brain accompanied by depletion in glutathione, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol concentrations. Activity of Ca(2+) ATPase in brain was significantly lowered. Simultaneous administration of aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds with ethanol prevented the enzymatic leakage and the rise in lipid peroxidation and enhanced the antioxidant potential. The seeds exhibited appreciable antioxidant property in vitro which was comparable with that of reduced glutathione and alpha-tocopherol. Further, histopathological examination of liver and brain revealed that, aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds could offer a significant protection against ethanol toxicity.     

防风中色原酮类化合物的抗氧化活性研究

目的 采用超声提取法进行提取,考察了不同提取时间,不同提取温度及不同提取溶剂对防风中色原酮类化合物提取率的影响.方法 采用Folin-Ciocalteu方法测定防风不同提取物总酚含量,采用DPPH抗氧化活性体外评价体系对防风不同提取物的抗氧化活性进行了系统研究.结果 超声提取90 min样品总酚含量最高,而超声120 min乙醇提取物表现出强抗氧化活性.结论 防风不同提取物表现出不同的抗氧化活性,但其抗氧化活性与总酚含量没有必然联系.     

王瓜的微波-超声波联合提取工艺优选及抗氧化活性考察

目的:优选王瓜的微波-超声波联合提取工艺并考察其抗氧化活性.方法:以总三萜质量分数为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察乙醇体积分数、提取时间、料液比、微波功率对王瓜提取工艺的影响;采用DPPH法、水杨酸法、ABTS法和FRAP法测定提取物的抗氧化能力.结果:最佳提取工艺条件为加50倍量90％乙醇于500 W微波-超声波联合提取6 min;王瓜提取物清除DPPH·、清除ABTS+·和Fe3+还原/抗氧化能力大于茶多酚但小于抗坏血酸,清除OH·能力均小于二者.结论:优选的提取工艺简便、快速,王瓜提取物具有一定的抗氧化性能.     

三叶人字草抗氧化活性研究

目的 研究三叶人字草不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性.方法 用冷浸法得到三叶人字草乙醇、丙酮和醋酸乙酯提取物.测定了3种提取物的总酚含量,并通过测定其对DPPH自由基的清除能力和还原能力来研究其抗氧化能力.结果三叶人字草不同溶剂提取物均表现出很强的抗氧化性能,其中醋酸乙酯提取物具有最优异的抗氧化能力.结论 三叶人字草提取物具有作为天然抗氧化剂和功能性食品进行研究和开发的潜力.     

车前子中苯乙醇苷化合物抗氧化活性研究

采用PCL和FRAP两种不同的抗氧化活性体外评价体系,对车前子80%乙醇提取物以及从中分离得到的两个苯乙醇苷单体化合物,麦角甾苷和异麦角甾苷的抗氧化活性进行了系统研究。研究结果表明:车前子80%乙醇提取物,麦角甾苷和异麦角甾苷都具有良好的抗氧化活性,而且证明车前子80%乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性主要来自这2个化合物的贡献。     

千斤拔总黄酮提取工艺的优化及其萃取相体外抗氧化活性研究

目的 优化千斤拔中总黄酮乙醇回流提取工艺条件,并探讨其体外抗氧化活性。方法 通过单因素实验、响应面法优化千斤拔中总黄酮的提取工艺;采用优化后的提取条件对千斤拔进行乙醇回流提取,提取液减压浓缩以水分散,依次用等量的石油醚、环己烷、乙酸乙酯,以及正丁醇萃取,通过冷冻干燥得到各萃取物。采用紫外可见分光光度法测定各萃取物的总黄酮含量,采用1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)清除实验、羟基自由基清除实验和铁离子还原能力实验(FRAP法),对千斤拔总黄酮粗提物中不同极性组分的抗氧化活性进行测定。结果 提取温度91.75 ℃、提取时间127.79 min,料液比1∶19.6 g·mL^-1,体积分数80%乙醇,为千斤拔中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺,在此条件下总黄酮的得率为0.366 08%,与预测值0.366 138%相接近;千斤拔总黄酮提取物的不同极性组分均含有黄酮类化合物,并具有一定的抗氧化活性,各组分抗氧化活性的顺序为:正丁醇>水相>乙酸乙酯>石油醚>环己烷。结论 本实验所建立的千斤拔总黄酮乙醇提取工艺,方法稳定、高效;极性萃取物抗氧化活性的高低与其黄酮含量相关,正丁醇萃取物的抗氧化活性最强,该研究可为千斤拔开发利用提供实验依据。     

泽兰抗氧化活性的研究及活性部位的筛选

目的:对中药泽兰进行抗氧化活性的研究,并筛选其主要的活性部位。方法:采用高通量活性筛选技术,以清除DPPH和超氧阴离子自由基能力、还原Fe3+能力及抑制脂质过氧化能力为指标,评价泽兰乙醇总提取物及不同极性部位的抗氧化能力。结果:泽兰及其乙酸乙酯部位(LLE-A.E,MCCM2921)和正丁醇部位(LLE-A.B,MCCM2922)具有较强的清除DPPH(二苯代苦味肼)、超氧阴离子自由基能力、还原Fe3+能力和抑制脂质过氧化能力。结论:泽兰及其不同极性部位具有清除自由基作用,这可以用来解释其在传统应用中的活血化瘀、抗纤维化作用。     

Mutagenicity and oral toxicity studies of Terminalia chebula

The fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. (T. chebula), which is a member of the Combfreetaceae family, is used widely in Asian countries as a traditional folk medicine, and its extract has been reported to be an anticancer, antidiabetic and anticaries agent. In our previous study, chebulic acid isolated from T. chebula extract was confirmed to show antioxidant activity and protective action against endothelial cell dysfunction. In order to support the safety‐in‐use of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc)‐soluble portion of a T. chebula ethanol extract containing 29.4% chebulic acid content, the prepared portion was tested in an in vitro mutagenicity assay, and a single‐ and 14‐day repeated dose oral toxicity study. In the bacterial mutation assay, up to 5000 µg/mL concentration of the EtOAc‐soluble portion, the numbers of colonies did not increase whether with or without metabolic activation. In the oral toxicity study, the single oral dose of the extract at 2000 mg/kg did not produce mortality or abnormal lesions in the internal organs of rats. The results of a 14‐day orally repeated dose showed that the EtOAc‐soluble portion of T. chebula ethanol extracts gave no adverse effects at dosages of 2000 mg/kg in rats in the study. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DPPH法分析测定生地和熟地清除自由基的能力

目的:采用不同提取溶剂、不同提取方法提取生地和熟地,并对其进行抗氧化活性研究。方法:采用Folin-Ciocalteu方法测定生地和熟地不同提取物的总多酚含量,利用DPPH测定样品清除自由基的能力。结果:生地正丁醇提取物,熟地无水乙醇提取物的总多酚含量最高,ASE提取总多酚含量高。在DPPH实验中,生地正丁醇提取物和熟地丙酮提取物的清除自由基的能力最强,ASE法提取样品均具有很好清除DPPH自由基能力。结论:生地和熟地清除DPPH自由基能力的强弱与样品中的总多酚含量无关。     

Hypericum perforatum Reduces Paracetamol‐Induced Hepatotoxicity and Lethality in Mice by Modulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Hypericum perforatum is a medicinal plant with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which is commercially available for therapeutic use in Brazil. Herein the effect of H. perforatum extract on paracetamol (acetaminophen)‐induced hepatotoxicity, lethality, inflammation, and oxidative stress in male swiss mice were investigated. HPLC analysis demonstrated the presence of rutin, quercetin, hypericin, pseudohypericin, and hyperforin in H. perforatum extract. Paracetamol (0.15–3.0 g/kg, p.o.) induced dose‐dependent mortality. The sub‐maximal lethal dose of paracetamol (1.5 g/kg, p.o.) was chosen for the experiments in the study. H. perforatum (30–300 mg/kg, i.p.) dose‐dependently reduced paracetamol‐induced lethality. Paracetamol‐induced increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations, and hepatic myeloperoxidase activity, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ concentrations as well as decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and capacity to reduce 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate radical cation; ABTS˙⁺) were inhibited by H. perforatum (300 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment. Therefore, H. perforatum protects mice against paracetamol‐induced lethality and liver damage. This effect seems to be related to the reduction of paracetamol‐induced cytokine production, neutrophil recruitment, and oxidative stress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

女贞子醇提物不同极性部位的体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究女贞子乙醇提取物不同极性部位的体外抗氧化活性,旨在为女贞子抗氧化相关有效成分的分离提供依据。方法:在体外化学模拟的条件下,采用1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基(DPPH)自由基法、邻苯三酚法测定其对DPPH自由基和对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力。结果:女贞子醇提物的石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇3个萃取部位抗氧化结果显示,相同浓度下女贞子乙酸乙酯部位抗氧化效果最强,其次是正丁醇部位、石油醚部位。结论:测定了女贞子醇提物不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性,初步确定女贞子中抗氧化相关活性成分主要存在于女贞子醇提物的乙酸乙酯部位。     

Antiulcer potential of the ethanolic extract of Aerva persica Merrill root in rats

The ethanol extract of the roots of Aerva persica (Burm f) Merrill (Amaranthaceae) was investigated to determine its antiulcer and in vivo antioxidant activities in albino Wistar rats. Ulcers were induced by ethanol and pylorus ligation. The extract was administered at the dose of 200 mg/kg orally, p.o. for 15 consecutive days. The ulcer index of the ethanol extract was found to be significantly reduced compared with control animals. The effect was also assessed by determining the free acidity, pepsin activity, total carbohydrate (TC), and protein content (PK) in control, standard, and test group animals. The in vivo antioxidant activity was evaluated by determining the reduced glutathione level (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the tissue homogenates. The results reveal the significant reduction in the level of malondialdehyde and the increase in the level of reduced glutathione in the rats that received the ethanolic extract. Furthermore, histopathological studies have shown that pretreatment with the ethanolic extract of the roots of A persica reduces (100%) ethanol- and pylorus ligation-induced hemorrhagic necrosis in rats.     

Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Callophyllis japonica

The antioxidant properties of the red seaweed Callophyllis japonica were investigated. An ethanol extract isolated from C. japonica exhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. The radical scavenging activity of the extract protected the viability of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells exposed to H2O2. Furthermore, the extract reduced the proportion of apoptotic cells induced by H2O2, as demonstrated by decreased sub-G1 hypo-diploid cells and decreased apoptotic body formation. The extract also increased the activities of the cellular antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Together, these findings suggest that C. japonica exhibits antioxidant properties.     

狐狸尾不同极性溶剂提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究狐狸尾Uraria lagopodioides不同极性提取部位的体外抗氧化活性。方法:以乙酸乙酯、丙酮和95%乙醇为溶剂分别对狐狸尾进行冷浸提取,得到各种溶剂提取物EAE,AE,EE,采用紫外分光光度法分别测定总黄酮含量,并将各提取物配制成0.2～1.2 g.L-1,采用ABTS.+法、DPPH.法和铁离子还原能力法测定不同浓度提取物抗氧化活性。结果:测得狐狸尾EAE,AE,EE总黄酮含量分别为74.0,65.7,84.2 g.kg-1;狐狸尾各提取部位具有较强ABTS.+,DPPH.清除能力及还原能力,其中乙醇提取部位(EE)具有优异的抗氧化能力,在3个体系中,其半清除浓度(IC50)分别为0.52,1.36,4.88 g.L-1。结论:狐狸尾各提取物具有作为天然抗氧化剂和功能性食品进行研究和开发的潜力。