复发性卵巢癌的诊治策略

目前，尚无成熟的卵巢癌早期诊断方法，且卵巢癌早期症状缺乏特异性，故确诊时约75％已属晚期。尽管近年来在卵巢癌的治疗方面，尤其手术、化学治疗、免疫治疗方面有许多进展，但即使是已达到临床缓解的患者仍有60％～70％最终将复发。然而对复发性卵巢癌目前尚未确立最佳的治疗方案，手术治疗对复发性卵巢癌的意义尚不明确，二线化疗有效率低。复发性卵巢癌的治疗仍是妇科肿瘤医师面临的严峻挑战。本文拟试论复发性卵巢癌的诊治策略，以引起更深入的讨论和研究。     

上皮性卵巢癌的免疫治疗现状与问题

<正>卵巢癌是病死率最高的妇科恶性肿瘤,全球每年约20万新发病例,超过15万的死亡病例。上皮性卵巢癌是最常见的病理类型,主要治疗方式为肿瘤细胞减灭术和术后化疗。然而,大部分上皮性卵巢癌在诊断时已为晚期,并且70%～80%患者复发,其5年生存率不足50%。因此,上皮性卵巢癌患者,尤其是化疗耐药的患者,亟需新的治疗手段。近年来,免疫治疗,尤其是免疫检查点抑制剂,在肿瘤领域取得了突破性的进展。免疫治疗被写入2019年美国国家综合癌症网络     

子宫内膜癌临床研究进展及存在的问题与争议

<正>子宫内膜癌(endometrial carcinoma)仍然是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一。2008年全世界大约有287 000新发子宫内膜癌病例,在美国,每年大约有43 000新发病例,年死亡病例大约为8000例[1]。近年关于子宫内膜癌的分期、手术治疗方法、淋巴结切除的作用、辅助治疗的应用价值等方面均有着重大     

Weekly paclitaxel in the treatment of recurrent ovarian carcinoma

PURPOSE: To study the effect of weekly paclitaxel in the treatment of recurrent ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients treated at Christie Cancer Centre between May 2003 and May 2005 was carried out. RESULTS: Fortynine patients with recurrent ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma were treated. The mean duration of treatment was 11 weeks, with 27 (54%) patients receiving 12 or more treatments. The most frequent non-haematological toxicities reported were mild nausea, constipation, lethargy and neuropathy. Moderate anaemia was noted in 50% of patients. Radiological assessment by CT scanning showed that complete or partial responses were achieved in 28% of patients. CA125 response was demonstrated in 63% of patients. Median time to recurrence was 149 days and median survival was 359 days. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for the role of weekly paclitaxel in the treatment of recurrent ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma even in a drug-resistant setting following multiple lines of prior therapy.     

复发性卵巢上皮性癌的诊断及处理

目的 探讨复发性卵巢上皮性癌的诊断、治疗方法及其预后。方法 将52例复发性卵巢上皮性癌患者分为5组,手术 化学药物治疗(化疗)组,共26例;单纯化疗组,共14例;手术 化疗 放射治疗(放疗)组,共4例;手术 放疗组,共4例;未治组：4例。对复发性卵巢上皮性癌的诊断方法和各组间生存时间进行比较。结果 复发性卵巢上皮性癌的诊断方法其阳性诊断率依次为,妇科检查(妇检)73．1％,B超84．6％,CA12553．8％,妇检、B超和CA125联合检测阳性率为70．5％。手术 化疗组、单纯化疗组的中位数生存时间分别为11个月和12个月。手术 化疗 放疗组的生存时间为10～12个月。手术 放疗组的生存时间为14～25个月。结论 妇检、B超和CA125的联合检测有助于提高复发性卵巢上皮性癌的诊断阳性率。在复发性卵巢上皮性癌治疗中,手术的作用有待进一步研究证实,化疗具有很好的作用,放疗的作用和地位应引起注意。     

综合性治疗复发性卵巢上皮性癌的疗效及预后分析

目的　探讨个体化、分阶段综合治疗复发性卵巢上皮性癌 (卵巢癌 )的疗效 ,及分析影响预后的因素。方法　对 70例卵巢癌分两个阶段进行治疗 ,第一阶段为诱导缓解治疗阶段 ,即对铂类药物敏感患者选用紫杉醇 顺铂 (TP)或卡铂 环磷酰胺 (CP)方案进行化疗 ;对铂类药物耐药患者选用紫杉醇 丝裂霉素 (TM)或足叶乙甙 丝裂霉素 (VM)二线药物化疗方案进行化疗。化疗后行二次肿瘤细胞减灭术 ,使残留癌灶直径≤ 1cm。对经化疗或合并二次肿瘤细胞减灭术获得临床缓解的患者 ,进行残留癌灶局部放疗。第二阶段为巩固治疗阶段 ,即对获得临床缓解的患者采用间断、小剂量化疗 ,在化放疗期间选用干扰素等免疫治疗。结果　 70例患者的 1～ 5年总生存率分别为 6 7%、5 1%、4 5 %、38%、32 % ,中位生存期为 38 5 7个月 ;1～ 3年无癌生存率分别为 4 1%、37%、2 4 % ,中位无癌生存期为 12 0 0个月。多因素分析结果显示 ,中位停用铂类药物治疗时间 (P <0 0 5 )、Karnofsky评分 (P <0 0 1)、残留癌灶大小 (P <0 0 1)及化疗次数 (P <0 0 5 )等 ,是卵巢癌复发后生存期的独立预后影响因素 ,而残留癌灶大小 (P <0 0 5 )及化疗次数 (P <0 0 1) ,是卵巢癌复发后无癌生存期的独立预后影响因素。结论　个体化、分阶段的综合治疗     

A phase II trial of Sunitinib malate in recurrent and refractory ovarian,fallopian tube and peritoneal carcinoma

ObjectiveOvarian cancer is a highly angiogenic tumor and a model for antiangiogenic research. The tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors target several receptors allowing for the pharmacological disruption of several independent pathways. Sunitinib malate® is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. A phase II study utilizing a modified dosing schedule was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of Sunitinib® in recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal carcinoma.MethodsA nonrandomized phase II study was modeled as a two-stage Simon design initially enrolling 17 evaluable participants in stage one and 18 patients in stage two. Patients received the study drug at 37.5 mg every day over a 28 day treatment cycle until clinical or radiological evidence of progressive disease. Disease was evaluated radiographically and best overall response was defined using the RECIST 1.0 criteria. The primary objective of this study was to define the response rate (defined as complete response and partial response) while the secondary objectives included both the progression free rate as well as the safety of this agent in this patient population.ResultsThe response rate (PR + CR) was 8.3% (95% confidence interval: 1.8%, 22.5%). The 16-week and 24 week progression-free survival estimate was 36% (95% confidence interval and 19.2%), respectively. The median progression-free survival estimate was 9.9 weeks. Hypertension and gastrointestional events were the most common toxicities noted.ConclusionsA modest response rate of 8.3% was achieved with Sunitinib malate®. This phase II study adds to the body of literature of VEGFR inhibitors and further underscores the need of defining a genetic angiogenic signature.     

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in conjunction with surgery for the treatment of recurrent ovarian carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: To review experience of secondary surgical cytoreduction (SSC) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPHC). METHODS: Eligible patients with ovarian cancer in whom pre-operative evaluation indicated that there was a good possibility that disease could be resected to < or = 5 mm underwent surgery followed by intraperitoneal perfusion of cisplatin (100 mg/m2) or mitomycin C (30-40 mg total dose) heated to 41-43 degrees C (105.8-109.4 degrees F) for 90 min. Data for analysis were extracted from retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Eighteen patients underwent surgery and IPHC between 9/02 and 3/05. Characteristics were median age 64 (37-77) years, mean prior laparotomies 1.4 (0-3), mean chemotherapy regimens 3.2 (0-7), mean time from initial therapy to IPHC 30.6 (1-88) months. Original histology: papillary serous 12, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma 1, serous low malignant potential 2, mucinous 1 and mixed subtypes 2. 13 had recurrent disease and 5 had persistent disease following front-line therapy. 15 received cisplatin and 3 mitomycin C. The mean duration of surgery was 9.8 (5-16) h. The maximum dimension of residual lesions at the end of surgery prior to IPHC was nil (n=11), < or = 2 mm (n=4), < or = 5 mm (n=2) and < or = 10 mm (n=1). Mean time to return of bowel function was 7 (5-20) days and mean time to hospital discharge 11.5 (5-49) days. All patients developed CTEP grade 1 or 2 metabolic or hematologic toxicities. CTEP grade 3 or 4 metabolic toxicity occurred in 72% and a hematologic toxicity in 28%.There was one peri-operative death due to pulmonary embolus. Median progression-free interval was 10 months and median overall survival was 31 months. Improved outcome was significantly related to the size of residual disease prior to IPHC and postoperative chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: IPHC is a relatively well-tolerated procedure with the majority of the morbidity being related to associated surgery. When combined with SSC it has the potential to extend quality life in some patients with recurrent ovarian cancer and warrants continued research. Randomized studies are needed earlier in the course of the disease.     

Management of recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Despite the standardisation of surgical techniques and significant progress in chemotherapeutics over the last 30 years, advanced epithelial ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynaecological malignancy in the western world. Although the majority of women achieve a remission following primary therapy, most patients with advanced stage disease will eventually relapse and become candidates for 'salvage' therapy. The chances of a further remission depend on factors such as the 'treatment-free interval', and there are now a large number of chemotherapy agents with activity in ovarian cancer available to the oncologist. Recent randomised studies have reported on survival benefits for chemotherapy in recurrent disease, and therefore careful and appropriate selection of treatments has assumed a greater importance. This article reviews the most current data, and discusses the factors involved in making individualised treatment decisions.     

Tamoxifen therapy in recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Thirty-seven patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma were entered into a trial of tamoxifen therapy (10 mg BID) to determine the effect on long-term survival. Thirty-one patients were evaluable with follow-up ranging from 6 to 42 months since initiation of hormonal therapy. All patients were heavily pretreated with multiple chemotherapeutic regimens (median 3). There was 1 complete responder (3.2%), 2/31 (6.4%) had a partial response, 6/31 (19.3%) had stable disease, and 22/31 (71%) had progressive disease. Twenty-four patients are dead (23 from advanced carcinoma, 1 from cardiac causes); 5 patients are alive with disease; 2 patients are lost to follow-up. Median survival of nonresponders was 7 months versus 16 months for responders (CR + PR + stable disease) (P = 0.001 life table analysis). Of the 9 responders, 7 had poorly differentiated tumors (grades 3 or 4), and 2 had moderately differentiated tumors (grade 2). Eleven patients had estrogen and progesterone receptor studies (ER, PR). No correlation between response rate and receptor status was evident. We conclude that although significant disease regression is unlikely to result from tamoxifen therapy, there may be a subset of patients who can benefit from the cytostatic properties of hormonal manipulation.