Antiobesity actions of Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been used as a folk medicine in China. An aqueous extract of Z. officinale Roscoe inhibited the hydrolysis of triolein emulsified with phosphatidylcholine by pancreatic lipase in vitro and it reduced the elevation of rat plasma triacylglycerol levels 1 and 2 h after oral administration of a lipid emulsion containing corn oil. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Z. officinale Roscoe might inhibit the intestinal absorption of dietary fat by inhibiting its hydrolysis. Therefore we investigated the antiobesity effects of the aqueous extract of Z. officinale Roscoe by feeding a high-fat diet to mice for 8 weeks. Body weights at 2-8 weeks and final parametrial adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in mice fed the high-fat diet containing 3% aqueous extract of Z. officinale Roscoe than in the controls fed the high-fat diet. Feeding a high-fat diet containing 1% aqueous extract of Z. officinale Roscoe also significantly reduced final parametrial adipose tissue weights that were elevated in mice fed the high-fat diet alone. Our data suggest that the antiobesity effect of aqueous extract of Z. officinale Roscoe in mice fed a high-fat diet may be due in part to the inhibition of intestinal absorption of dietary fat by the active compounds of Z. officinale Roscoe.     

Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanol Extracts of Zingiber officinale and Cichorium intybus

The present work was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of ginger, chicory and their mixture against carbon tetrachloride intoxication in rats. Carbon tetrachloride treatment significantly elevated the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyltransferase activities and the serum triglycerides and cholesterol concentration as compared to control group. It also increased RBCs counts and Hb concentration, total or differential leucocytes counts. However it decreased platelet counts, platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume, platelet larger cell ratio. Methanol extract of ginger (250 and 500 mg/kg) and chicory (250 and 500 mg/kg) given alone or mixed (1:1 wt/wt) significantly restored the carbon tetrachloride-induced alterations in the biochemical and cellular constituents of blood. No toxic symptoms were reported in doses up to 5 g/kg. Alkaloids and/or nitrogenous bases, carbohydrates and/or glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and unsaturated sterols and/or triterpenes are the main active constituents of their methanol extract. The hepatoprotective effect of ginger and chicory was also confirmed by the histopathological examination of liver tissue.     

Antiplatelet Effect of Lonchocarpin and Derricin Isolated from Lonchocarpus sericeus.

Abstract

In this work, we studied the effects of lonchocarpin (LCC) and derricin (DRC), two chalcones isolated from the hexane fraction of roots from Lonchocarpus sericeus. (Poir.) Kunth (Fabaceae), on human platelet aggregation induced by a variety of agonists. LCC and DRC (200 and 400 µg/ml) significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP)-, arachidonic acid (AA)-, thrombin (THR)-, collagen (COL)-, and adrenalin (ADR)-induced aggregation. Neither LCC nor DRC had their effects potentiated after association with L-arginine (L-ARG), a NO donor, when the inducer was ADP. In contrast, the addition of LCC or DRC to pentoxifylline (PTX), a known phosphodiesterase inhibitor, caused a significant potentiation of platelet inhibition (41.1% and 47.4%) when compared with LCC (20.3%) or DRC (17.9%) alone. The addition of aspirin or yohimbine (YOH) to LCC or DRC did not change their effects on platelet aggregation induced by AA or ADR, respectively. These results suggest that the antiplatelet effect of LCC and DRC may be mediated mainly by phosphodiesterase activity inhibition or elevation of adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) intracellular levels or even by inhibition of thromboxane (TX) formation, as these two substances inhibited the aggregation induced by AA, COL, and THR.     

姜酚胶丸与干姜的挥发油成分GC-MS对比分析

目的对姜酚胶丸与其原料药材干姜的挥发油成分进行分析和比较。方法利用顶空固相微萃取法分别对姜酚胶丸与干姜挥发油进行提取,并以气相色谱-质谱联用仪对其进行分离鉴定,采用峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量。结果从姜酚胶丸和其原料药材干姜挥发油中分别分离鉴定了60种和66种挥发性成分,分别占其挥发油总量的93.4%和94.2%,其化学成分组成相似,均含有α-姜烯、β-水芹烯、β-倍半水芹烯、芳姜黄烯、莰烯、β-没药烯、α-蒎烯、α-金合欢烯、β-月桂烯、香树烯、α-水芹烯、1-龙脑、芳樟醇等主要成分,但组分比例略有差异。其挥发油的指标性成分α-姜烯在姜酚胶丸与药材干姜中的相对含量相当。结论姜酚胶丸与干姜中挥发油成分组成及相对含量基本一致。     

Molluscicidal and antischistosomal activities of Zingiber officinale

Experiments were conducted to study the major constituents of Zingiber officinale responsible for its molluscicidal activity and the effect of the active component on different stages of Schistosoma mansoni. Gingerol and shogaol exhibited potent molluscicidal activity on Biomphalaria glabrata. Gingerol (5.0 ppm) completely abolished the infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia and cercariae in B. glabrata and mice, respectively, indicating that the molluscicide is capable of interrupting schistosome transmission at a concentration lower than its molluscicidal concentrations.     

生姜提取物对大鼠视网膜缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

目的:研究生姜提取物对大鼠视网膜缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法:实验分为3组,即正常对照、模型及生姜提取物(400mg·kg-1)组。采用前房灌注生理盐水60min复制视网膜缺血-再灌注模型。复制模型前5天开始,生姜提取物组灌胃生姜提取物,每天分2次给药,模型组大鼠灌胃蒸馏水,复制模型后仍继续原给药方案。于复制模型后12、24、48、72h测定大鼠视网膜中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)含量的变化;电镜观察视网膜超微结构。结果:与模型组比较,生姜提取物组大鼠视网膜SOD活性显著增强,MDA、NO含量显著减少(P<0.05);视网膜超微结构损伤有所减轻。结论:生姜提取物可调控SOD活性及MDA、NO含量,改善超微结构而保护视网膜。     

Effect of Zingiber officinale. on Some Hematologic Values in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the effect of an extract of Zingiber officinale. Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) (ginger) on some hematologic values in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups: control, diabetic, and Z. officinale.–treated diabetic. At the end of the experimental period (3 weeks), animals in all three groups were fasted for 12 h and blood samples were taken for the determination of glucose levels, red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and platelet count. It was found that Z. officinale. treatment increased the lowered levels of RBC and WBC counts and PCV in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). However, the RBC count and PCV of the Z. officinale.–treated diabetic group were still lower than control. Z. officinale. treatment also decreased the elevated level of platelets and glucose concentration of diabetic rats (p < 0.05). It is therefore concluded that oral Z. officinale. treatment might decrease the diabetic-induced disturbances of some hematologic parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.     

生姜油微囊的制备及其质量评价

目的:制备生姜油微囊并对其进行质量评价。方法:以辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠为囊材,采用喷雾干燥法制备生姜油微囊。以囊材与囊芯的混合温度、囊材与囊芯质量比、搅拌速度为考察因素,包封率为评价指标,采用正交试验优化生姜油微囊的制备工艺,并对其载药量、包封率、外观、粒径分布及光、热、湿稳定性(以碘价、过氧化值为指标)进行评价。结果:生姜油微囊的最优制备工艺为囊材与囊芯的混合温度60℃、囊材与囊芯质量比10∶1、搅拌速度12 000 r/min。最优工艺所制生姜油微囊的平均载药量为17.97%(n=3)、平均包封率为73.57%(n=3),生姜油微囊形态圆整光滑、无粘连、粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为(6.30±0.27)μm,在光、热、湿条件下生姜油微囊碘价、过氧化值变化较小。结论:优化后的生姜油微囊制备工艺简单、重复性好,生姜油微囊的包封率及载药量高,且稳定性较好。     

生姜抗晕动病有效部位化学成分分析

目的:分析生姜抗晕动病有效部位的化学成分。方法:用正己烷提取有效部位,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法分析提取物中化学成分;采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定提取物中抗晕活性成分6-姜酚的含量。结果:GC-MS法测定提取物中烯类占61.41%,姜酚类占21.60%,姜酮类占4.90%,醇类占2.74%,含量较高的为姜烯(23.596%)和6-姜酚(15.004%);HPLC法测定提取物中6-姜酚的含量为15.97%。结论:生姜抗晕动病有效部位中烯类和姜酚类成分含量较高。HPLC法可作为生姜抗晕动病有效部位6-姜酚的质控方法。     

姜油对胃溃疡模型大鼠的影响

［摘要］目的观察姜油对实验性胃溃疡的作用。方法采用大鼠水浸束缚应激致胃溃疡模型、无水乙醇致胃损伤模型和幽门结扎致胃溃疡模型研究不同剂量（50,100,200 mg&#8226;kg 1）姜油对大鼠胃溃疡的预防作用,及对胃液、胃酸分泌、胃蛋白酶活性的影响。结果与模型对照组比较,姜油各剂量组对水浸束缚应激性胃黏膜损伤、无水乙醇致胃黏膜损伤均有良好的保护作用,可使大鼠的溃疡指数显著降低;对幽门结扎型大鼠胃液量、胃酸浓度、胃蛋白酶活性及胃黏膜损伤指数无减少（或降低）作用。结论姜油对实验性胃溃疡具有一定保护作用,但其作用机制可能不是通过抑制胃酸分泌、胃蛋白酶活性而发挥。     

5-HT3 receptor blocking activity of arylalkanes isolated from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale

Different extracts (ethanolic, hexane, aqueous) of ginger (rhizomes of Zingiber officinale) and the essential oil were tested using [14C]guanidinium influx into N1E-115 cells and the isolated rat ileum in order to identify their activity in inhibiting 5-HT3 receptor function. The hexane extract proved to be the most active and yielded upon bioassay-guided fractionation nine constituents: [6]-, [8]-, [10]-gingerols, [6]- and [8]-shogaols which were previously shown as active in vivo against cytotoxic drug-induced emesis; [4]-gingerol, [6]-gingerdiol, diacetyl-[6]-gingerdiol and [6]-dehydrogingerdione have not been previously tested for anti-emetic or 5-HT3 receptor antagonistic effects. Even though the latter four compounds are only minor constituents, their identification contributed towards the characterisation of a structure-activity relationship of this class of compounds. The order of potency for the nine constituents in the N1E-115 cell system was [6]-gingerdiol approximately diacetyl-[6]-gingerdiol approximately [6]-dehydrogingerdione approximately [6]-shogaol > or = [8]-shogaol approximately [8]-gingerol > [10]-gingerol > or = [6]-gingerol > [4]-gingerol.     

Zingiber officinale Rosc. modulates gamma radiation-induced conditioned taste aversion

The aim of the present study was to investigate the neurobehavioral protective efficacy of a hydroalcoholic extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) in mitigating gamma radiation-induced conditioned taste aversion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Administration of Zingiber extract 1 h before 2-Gy gamma irradiation was effective in blocking the saccharin avoidance response for 5 post-treatment observational days, both in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with 200 mg/kg b.w. i.p. being the most effective dose. Highest saccharin intake in all the groups was observed on the fifth post-treatment day. The potential of ginger extract to inhibit lipid peroxidation induced by radiation (2 Gy) and ascorbate-ion stress in brain homogenate and its ability to scavenge highly reactive superoxide anions were evaluated. The 1000-microg/ml and 2000-microg/ml concentration of ginger extract showed the highest efficiency in scavenging free radicals and in inhibiting lipid peroxidation. The lipid peroxidation and superoxide-anion scavenging ability of the extract further supports its radioprotective properties. The results clearly establish the neurobehavioral efficacy of ginger extract and the antioxidant properties appear to be a contributing factor in its overall ability to modulate radiation-induced conditioned taste aversion. Ginger extract has tremendous potential for clinical applications in mitigation of radiation-induced emesis in humans.     

广西生姜挥发油化学成分的GC-MS研究

目的:测定广西境内5个不同产地的生姜挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法对广西生姜挥发油化学成分进行分析。结果:广西5个产地的生姜挥发油得油率在0.11%～0.23%之间。5个产地的生姜挥发油中共有化学成分21个,相对百分含量在60%～85%之间。共有化学成分主要有1S-α-蒎烯(1S-α-Pinene)、莰烯(Camphene)、桉油精(Cineole)、龙脑(Borneol)、橙花醇(Nerol)和柠檬醛(Citral)。不同产地的生姜挥发油中,同一成分相对百分含量差异较大,其中橙花醇的相对百分含量相差近10倍。结论:广西境内不同产地的生姜挥发油的化学成分差异不大,但同一成分的相对百分含量差异较大。     

Anti-diabetic activity of Zingiber officinale in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats

The fresh and dried rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (commonly known as ginger) is widely used in traditional medicine. We have studied the effect of the juice of Z. officinale (4 mL kg(-1), p.o. daily) for 6 weeks on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetic rats with particular reference to the involvement of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptors in glycaemic control. In normoglycaemic rats, 5-HT (1mg kg(-1), i.p.) produced hyperglycaemia and hypoinsulinaemia, which was significantly prevented by the juice of Z. officinale. STZ-diabetes produced a significant increase in fasting glucose levels that was associated with a significant decrease in serum insulin levels. Treatment with Z. officinale produced a significant increase in insulin levels and a decrease in fasting glucose levels in diabetic rats. In an oral glucose tolerance test, treatment with Z. officinale was found to decrease significantly the area under the curve of glucose and to increase the area under the curve of insulin in STZ-diabetic rats. Treatment with Z. officinale also caused a decrease in serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and blood pressure in diabetic rats. Our data suggest a potential antidiabetic activity of the juice of Z. officinale in type I diabetic rats, possibly involving 5-HT receptors.     

干姜和白术挥发油提取工艺

目的研究干姜和白术挥发油的提取工艺。方法用共水回流冷凝法分别提取干姜和白术的混合挥发油、干姜挥发油以及白术挥发油 ,并将提取的挥发油经气相色谱 质谱 (GC MS)技术检测其主要成分。结果经GC MS分析 ,3种挥发油的主要成分一致 ,性质稳定。结论共水回流冷凝法对干姜和白术混合提取挥发油的工艺可行、简便 ,适合工业化生产     

Effect of Zingiber officinale on some biochemical parameters and cytogenic analysis in lead-induced toxicity in experimental rats

Exposure to toxic elements is greatly unavoidable in our daily activities due to several routes of coming in contact with these elements. Thus lead (Pb), is one of the major causes of health hazard in human. In this study, evaluation of Zingiber officinale as mitigating measure against Pb induced biochemical and cytogenic toxicity in albino rats was investigated. Experimental rats were grouped into five with five animals per group, group I serves as control and groups 2–5 were induced intraperitoneal with lead acetate dissolved in distilled water at 3?mg/kg body weight whereas group 3–5 were orally administered with 200?mg/kg vitamin C, 200?mg/kg, and 100?mg/kg of Z. officinale, respectively for 7 d. The obtained results show that aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipid peroxidation, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were significantly increased (p?p?p?Z. officinale. Hence, these results suggest that Z. officinale roots might contain therapeutic potential that can ameliorate the hazard effect of lead acetate poison.     

生姜有效部位的调血脂作用研究

目的　观察生姜有效部位对高脂血症大鼠血脂水平的影响。方法　建立大鼠高脂血症模型,以洛伐他汀做阳性对照,分别每日灌服生姜有效部位2 0 0mg·kg-1、4 0 0mg·kg-1、80 0mg·kg-1,测定大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL -C)水平。结果　生姜有效部位能显著降低血清TG、LDL -C,升高HDL -C水平。结论　生姜有效部位具有调血脂作用。     

Component of Zingiber officinale that improves the enhancement of small intestinal transport

6-Shogaol, a constituent of Zingiber officinale, improved carbachol-induced accelerated small intestinal transit in vivo, as well as improving longitudinal muscle contraction induced by low-frequency electrical stimulation of the isolated guinea pig small intestine in vitro. In addition, 6-shogaol ameliorated BaCl(2) -induced hyperperistalsis of the small intestine in vivo.