Ⅰ水平重建防治腹腔镜全子宫切除术后盆底功能障碍的临床价值

目的:探讨Ⅰ水平重建加固对防治腹腔镜全子宫切除术后盆底功能障碍的临床价值.方法:选取2019年9月至2020年9月行腹腔镜全子宫切除术的180例患者,根据盆腔脏器脱垂定量标准分为两组,每组90例,A组患者不伴有盆腔脏器脱垂,B组伴Ⅰ度盆腔脏器脱垂;A、B两组再根据阴道残端缝合方式各分为3组,对照A组(n=30)采用传统...     

新辅助放化疗联合盆腔脏器切除术治疗45例复发性直肠癌

目的：探讨新辅助放化疗联合盆腔脏器切除术在复发性直肠癌治疗中的价值。方法：对45例复发直肠癌患者采用新辅助放化疗方案治疗常规分割放疗,治疗结束后4～6周进行盆腔脏器切除手术。结果：经新辅助放化疗后,病理完全缓解9例,肿瘤平均缩小38.4%,68.9%的病例T期下降。全组R0切除率为82.2%,手术并发症为20.0%,3年生存率为80.0%,5年生存率为44.4%。结论：新辅助放化疗联合盆腔脏器切除术是治疗复发性直肠癌的有效方法,通过降低肿瘤病期,提高手术切除率,从而提高患者生存率。     

经肛门拖出标本的全腹腔镜直肠癌全系膜切除术

目的探讨腹腔镜直肠癌全系膜切除术中切除标本自肛门内拖出的可行性。方法 2007年1月~2010年5月,对30例肿块5 cm的直肠癌施行全腹腔镜直肠癌全系膜切除术,手术标本自肛门拖出,肠断端腔镜下荷包缝合及管型吻合器结直肠吻合。结果 30例在腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。无腹腔、盆腔脏器的损伤。手术时间120~240min,平均150 min;术中出血20~80 ml,平均35 ml。发生吻合口漏4例,均经保守治疗治愈(18~30 d)。术后随访3~40个月,平均24.3月,2例1年后吻合口复发。结论直径5 cm的标本自肛门拖出的全腹腔镜直肠癌全系膜切除术是可行的,避免腹部辅助切口,创伤更小。     

腹腔镜手术在直肠癌局部复发治疗中的应用

目的探讨应用腹腔镜手术治疗直肠癌局部复发的可行性。方法 2006年1月至2009年6月对收治的11例直肠癌术后复发患者施行腹腔镜手术,男7例,女4例,平均年龄(55.1±9.9)岁。其中3例为开腹Dixon术后复发,6例为腹腔镜Dixon术后复发,2例为腹腔镜Miles术后复发。平均复发间隔(24.9±11.0)个月。结果本组11例患者手术均获成功,平均手术时间(212±42)min,术中出血量(133±75)ml,住院时间(13.5±7.6)d。无腹腔出血、吻合口漏等严重并发症发生,无围手术期死亡病例,2例中转开腹手术。9例行Dixon术后复发的患者中,1例再次行腹腔镜下Dixon术;4例行腹腔镜下腹会阴联合切除术;1例行腹腔镜下后盆腔脏器联合切除术;1例行腹腔镜下双侧附件切除术;1例行腹腔镜乙状结肠造口术;1例中转开腹行乙状结肠造口术。2例行腹腔镜Miles术后复发的患者,1例行腹腔镜下盆腔肿块切除术,1例因肠管粘连中转开腹行盆腔肿块切除术。结论选择合适的直肠癌术后复发病例施行腹腔镜再手术是安全可行的。     

应用盆腔脏器联合切除术治疗局部复发型直肠癌

目的 评价盆腔脏器联合切除术对局部复发型直肠癌的治疗意义。方法 对我院33例局部复发型直肠癌应用盆腔脏器联合切除术治疗的病例进行回顾性总结。结果 33例患中17例接受全盆腔脏器切除术治疗，14例接受后盆腔脏器切除术；2例为直肠癌合并输尿管下段切除。29例（87．9％）手术为根治术，手术死亡率3．0％。盆腔受累最多的器官是骶前组织和阴道。术后约88．9％的患疼痛症状消失。8例（24．2％）再次复发，并再用手术。全组2、3、4年生存率分别为36．4％、21．2％、18．2％。结论 积极的盆腔脏器联合切除术可以明显改善局部复发型直肠癌的预后，提高术后生活质量。     

全盆腔脏器切除术治疗局部晚期直肠癌5例分析

局部晚期直肠癌由于盆腔内广泛癌浸润,长期以来被视为不可手术切除,患者终将经受肠道、泌尿生殖道梗阻,肿瘤破溃出血、感染、瘘及局部剧烈疼痛等直至死亡。目前认为,采用全盆腔脏器切除术(Total Pelvic Exenteration,TPE)可获满意的姑息疗效,部分患者可望治     

吲哚菁绿荧光腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术5例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨吲哚菁绿(ICG)引导的荧光腹腔镜在前列腺癌根治性切除术(LRP)+超扩大盆腔淋巴结清扫(sePLND)中的应用价值,并结合相关文献总结该显影技术的特点.方法 回顾性分析2020年5月至2020年6月我院采用ICG荧光腹腔镜系统开展LRP+sePLND的5例局部晚期前列腺癌患者的临床资料.所有患者术前均经前列...     

乙状结肠造口改行结肠代膀胱在直肠癌术后局部复发全盆腔脏器切除术中的应用

目的 观察直肠癌术后局部复发行全盆腔脏器切除术中将原乙状结肠造口改行结肠代膀胱的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2009～2013年因腹会阴联合切除术后盆腔局部复发而行全盆腔脏器切除的12例的临床资料.该组患者均截取10～12 cm长的原有乙状结肠造口肠管改行结肠代膀胱,近端行横结肠襻式造口.术后1年为临床疗效观察终点.结果 该组行全盆腔脏器切除术平均手术时间为(348±47) min,术中平均失血量约为(630±110) ml.3例患者术后近期发生结肠代膀胱相关并发症,其中出血2例,黏膜部分坏死1例.患者术后1年生存率为66.7％(8/12).术后1年内随访超声检查均未发现输尿管扩张、肾积水.结论 应用原有乙状结肠造口改行结肠代膀胱的方法简单、手术时间短、泌尿造口相关并发症少,适应于选择性的直肠癌术后复发行全盆腔脏器切除的患者.     

局部进展期直肠癌腹腔镜与开腹盆腔脏器联合切除术后近远期疗效对比分析

目的探讨腹腔镜盆腔脏器联合切除术(LPE)治疗局部进展期直肠癌(LARC)的可行性、安全性及近远期疗效。方法采用回顾性队列研究的方法。收集2010年1月至2021年12月期间, 中国医学科学院肿瘤医院(64例)和北京大学第一医院(109例)收治, 经术前影像学或术中发现的原发直肠肿瘤侵犯全直肠系膜切除层面以外、及侵犯邻近组织脏器的局部进展期直肠癌(cT4b)并接受盆腔脏器联合切除术(PE)治疗的共计173例LARC患者的临床资料。其中82例行LPE的患者为LPE组, 91例行开放盆腔脏器联合切除术(OPE)的患者为OPE组, 对两组患者的近期疗效(围手术期情况)及术后生存情况(1、3、5年总生存率和无病生存率以及1、3年累计局部复发率)进行对比研究。结果除新辅助治疗外, LPE和OPE两组患者基线资料比较, 差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。LPE组手术时间(319.3±129.3)min, 短于OPE组的(417.3±155.0)min(t=4.531, P<0.001), 术中出血175(20～2 000)ml, 少于OPE组的500(20～4 500)ml(U=2 ...     

直肠癌的全盆腔脏器切除术

文献报道,6%～10%的直肠癌患者就诊时已局部扩散,无法常规切除犤1犦。直肠癌手术后约有10%～25%的局部复发率犤2犦。对这些患者,放疗或化疗只能暂时缓解症状,扩大手术切除范围则可能为患者提供治愈机会。1948年Brunshwig等犤3犦最先提出用全盆腔脏器切除术(totalpelvicexenteration,TPE)治疗复发宫颈癌,次年Appleby等犤4犦将该术式用于治疗直肠癌。全盆腔脏器切除术包括整块切除远侧乙状结肠、直肠、膀胱、输尿管远端、男性前列腺与精囊腺或女性子宫阴道、盆腔淋巴结、盆腹膜、肛提肌及会阴受累组织犤5犦。1981年,Wanebo等犤6犦借用骨肿…     

Surgery and pre-operative irradiation for locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer in patients over 75 years of age

OBJECTIVE: Reports of multimodal treatment regimens especially focusing on locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer in the elderly, aged>75 years, are unavailable. We have tried to identify and evaluate pre- and peri-operative risk factors for morbidity and mortality and outcome after irradiation/surgery regimens in such patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective registration of 86 consecutive patients aged>75 years undergoing elective surgery after irradiation 46-50 Gy for either primary locally advanced rectal cancer (n=51) or recurrent rectal cancer (n=35) from January 1991 to August 2003, 51 men and 35 women, median age 78 years (range 75-85 years) in a national cancer hospital. RESULTS: Multivisceral resections were needed in 63% of patients and 70% R0 resections were obtained in locally advanced cases and 46% in recurrent ones. Both in-hospital- and 30-day-mortality was 3.5%. Sixty-two postoperative complications occurred in 38 patients, three of them fatal. Both operation times over 5 h and transfusion of more than 3 SAG were prognostic factors regarding infections. Estimated five-year survival in R0 patients was 46%. Estimated five-year survival for patients with nonmetastatic tumours with locally advanced primary cancer was 29% and for locally recurrent rectal cancer 32%. Old males had a higher mortality rate the first year after surgery than females with only 65% relative survival compared to a matched normal population. The estimated five-year local recurrence rates were 24% for R0 resections and 54% for R1 resections (P=0.434 ns) and 24% and 45% for locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer (P=0.248 ns), respectively. CONCLUSION: Thorough pre-operative evaluation and preparation and judicious surgery are important for achieving potentially curative treatment with acceptable morbidity in locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer in patients over 75 years of age. We suggest that these patients should be evaluated and considered for treatment by multidisciplinary teams as younger patients.     

腹腔镜治疗直肠癌术后复发的初步经验

目的探讨直肠癌根治术后复发腹腔镜再手术的可行性。方法2004年2月至2005年7月间直肠癌术后复发腹腔镜再手术病例7例,其中男4例,女3例,中位年龄60(37～74)岁。术前CT等评估直肠癌复发为局部复发,排除远处转移。其中3例为传统Dixon术后,2例腹腔镜Dixon术后,1例腹腔镜Parks术后,1例3次经骶局部切除并有骶部瘘;手术采用腹腔镜辅助和腹腔镜手辅助技术。结果再手术中6例为中央型,手术均为R0,分别为腹腔镜Dixon术3例,腹会阴联合切除1例,后盆腔清扫1例,结肠全切末端回肠造口1例(家族性息肉病)。1例复合型,行腹腔镜乙结肠造口。腹腔镜手辅助2例。手术时间(211±13)min,出血量(200±91)ml,无中转开腹,无吻合口漏等并发症发生,住院时间(15±10)d。结论直肠癌复发再手术困难,操作者应具有丰富的腹腔镜技术和直肠手术经验,并选择中央型等适当病例的条件下可行。     

非医学中心医院复制基于膜解剖的腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的初步经验(附23例报告)

目的:探讨非医学中心医院复制基于膜解剖直肠癌根治术的可行性及应用价值。方法:回顾分析23例腹腔镜直肠癌手术(基于膜解剖术式)患者的临床资料,其中20例行经腹直肠癌根治术(Dixon),3例行经腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术(Miles)。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后相关并发症情况、术后恢复情况等。结果:23例手术均获成功,手术时间120~280 min,平均(186.1±44.4)min;术中出血量5~60 mL,平均(17.0±14.2)mL;淋巴结数量5~21枚,平均(12.6±4.5)枚;住院8~17 d,平均(10.3±3.0)d。术后1例患者出现吻合口出血,经保守治疗后治愈,无手术死亡病例。结论:基于膜解剖的腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术安全性高,肿瘤根治性较好,可行性高,术者具备扎实的理论知识,操作认真,具备必要的手术器械,配合规范默契,完全可复制,适合在非医学中心医院推广。     

Total Pelvic Exenteration for Primary and Recurrent Malignancies

Introduction  Complete resection is the most important prognostic factor in surgery for pelvic tumors. In locally advanced and recurrent pelvic malignancies, radical margins are sometimes difficult to obtain because of close relation to or growth in adjacent organs/structures. Total pelvic exenteration (TPE) is an exenterative operation for these advanced tumors and involves en bloc resection of the rectum, bladder, and internal genital organs (prostate/seminal vesicles or uterus, ovaries and/or vagina). Methods  Between 1994 and 2008, a TPE was performed in 69 patients with pelvic cancer; 48 with rectal cancer (32 primary and 16 recurrent), 14 with cervical cancer (1 primary and 13 recurrent), 5 with sarcoma (3 primary and 2 recurrent), 1 with primary vaginal, and 1 with recurrent endometrial carcinoma. Ten patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 66 patients with preoperative radiotherapy to induce down-staging. Eighteen patients received IORT because of an incomplete or marginal complete resection. Results  The median follow-up was 43 (range, 1–196) months. Median duration of surgery was 448 (range, 300–670) minutes, median blood loss was 6,300 (range, 750–21,000) ml, and hospitalization was 17 (range, 4–65) days. Overall major and minor complication rates were 34% and 57%, respectively. The in-hospital mortality rate was 1%. A complete resection was possible in 75% of all patients, a microscopically incomplete resection (R1) in 16%, and a macroscopically incomplete resection (R2) in 9%. Five-year local control for primary locally advanced rectal cancer, recurrent rectal cancer, and cervical cancer was 89%, 38%, and 64%, respectively. Overall survival after 5 years for primary locally advanced rectal cancer, recurrent rectal cancer, and cervical cancer was 66%, 8%, and 45%. Conclusions  Total pelvic exenteration is accompanied with considerable morbidity, but good local control and acceptable overall survival justifies the use of this extensive surgical technique in most patients, especially patients with primary locally advanced rectal cancer and recurrent cervical cancer.     

新辅助放疗在低位直肠癌中的应用

目的探讨新辅助放疗在低位局部进展期直肠癌中的疗效及其对保肛手术的意义。方法回顾性分析2000~2005年39例行新辅助放疗低位直肠癌病人的临床资料。结果肿瘤距肛缘3~7 cm,平均4.9 cm。放疗后21例(53.8%)排便困难、便血等症状得以改善。腹会阴联合切除14例,低位前切除术13例,Parks术8例,Hartm ann术4例。术后病理显示肿瘤完全消退(CR)3例,肿瘤部分缓解(PR)22例,无效(NR)14例,总有效率为64.1%(25/39)。保肛率为53.8%(21/39),其中放疗有效者(CR PR)保肛率为64%(16/25),无效者为35.7%%(5/14),两者间差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论新辅助放疗对多数直肠癌病人有效,可以使肿瘤缩小、降低分期,并可提高低位直肠癌的保肛率。     

Patterns of pelvic invasion are prognostic in the treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Local recurrence of rectal cancer after curative resection remains a difficult clinical problem. The aim of this study was to elucidate prognostic risk factors after resection of recurrent cancer. METHODS: Between January 1983 and December 1999, 83 patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer were studied retrospectively for survival benefit by re-resection. Sixty patients underwent resection for recurrent cancer, including total pelvic exenteration in 30 patients and sacrectomy in 23 patients. The extent of locally recurrent tumour was classified by the pattern of pelvic invasion as follows: localized, sacral invasion and lateral invasion. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that the pattern of pelvic invasion was a significant prognostic factor which independently influenced survival after resection of recurrent cancer (P < 0.001). The 5-year survival rates were 38 per cent in the localized type (n = 27), 10 per cent in the sacral invasive type (n = 16) and zero in the lateral invasive type (n = 17). CONCLUSION: Resection for locally recurrent rectal cancer is potentially curative in patients with localized or sacral invasive patterns of recurrence. Alternatives should be explored in patients with recurrence involving the lateral pelvic wall.     

腹腔镜治疗直肠癌术后局部复发的临床研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜的再次手术在直肠癌术后局部复发病例治疗中的安全性及可行性.方法 将上海市微创外科临床医学中心2004年2月-2009年9月期间17例腹腔镜治疗直肠癌局部复发病例按其盆腔内复发类型分为中央型组(n=14)和前壁型组(n=3).比较两组在一般资料、手术相关数据及总体预后方面的差异.结果 两组在术前一般资料比...     

Laparoscopic Salvage Surgery for Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer

Background

Surgical treatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer is challenging, and the value of laparoscopic surgery in such cases is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the feasibility of laparoscopic surgery with that of open surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer.

Methods

Thirty patients with local rectal cancer recurrence at the anastomotic site or lateral pelvic lymph nodes were evaluated. Perioperative outcomes were compared between the laparoscopic (n?=?13) and open (n?=?17) groups.

Results

The median operation time was significantly longer (381 vs. 241 min) but the median estimated blood loss tended to be smaller (110 vs. 450 mL) in the laparoscopic than in the open group. There was only one converted case (7.7 %). The R0 resection rate (100 vs. 94 %) and postoperative complications (31 vs. 24 %) were not significantly different between the two groups. The median times to flatus (1 vs. 2 days), first stool (2 vs. 5 days), and oral intake (2 vs. 5 days) were significantly shorter in the laparoscopic than in the open group.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer has short-term benefits over open surgery and has potential as a treatment option for locally recurrent rectal cancer.     

Influence of Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) on Perioperative Outcome after Surgical Resection of Rectal Cancer

Background

Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer as an integral part of multimodal treatment might be an option to reduce local cancer recurrence. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of IORT on the postoperative outcome and complications rates in the treatment of patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum in comparison to patients with rectum resection only.

Methods

A total of 162 patients underwent operation for International Union against Cancer stage III/IV rectal cancer or recurrent rectal cancer at our surgical department between 2004 and 2012. They were divided into two groups depending on whether they received IORT or not. General patient details, tumor, and operation details, as well as perioperative major and minor complications, were registered and compared.

Results

Of the 162 patients treated for stage III/IV rectal cancer, 52 underwent rectal resection followed by IORT. Complication rates were similar in the two groups. Operative time was significantly longer in the IORT group (248 ± 84 vs 177 ± 68 min; p < 0.001). No significant differences were found concerning anastomotic leakage rate, hospital stay, or wound infection rate.

Conclusions

Intraoperative radiotherapy appears to be a safe treatment option in patients with locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer with acceptable complication rates. The effect on local recurrence rate has to be estimated in long-term follow-up.