肾上腺紧张素与高血压

目的观察实验性高血压大鼠及原发性高血压病（ＥＨ）患者的血浆肾上腺紧张素（ＡＤＴ）水平变化。方法用特异性放射免疫法测定血浆ＡＤＴ含量。结果两组实验性高血压大鼠平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）及左室指数（ＬＶＩ）明显高于对照大鼠，而血浆ＡＤＴ水平则低于对照大鼠；５９例ＥＨ患者血浆ＡＤＴ水平（１０１．４３±４．１８ｎｇ／Ｌ）亦明显低于对照组（１６６．９３±５．０７ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．００１），随着病期的加重，降低更显著，组间有显著差异（Ｆ＝７４．２９，Ｐ＜０．００１），两两比较Ｐ值均＜０．０１。结论ＡＤＴ的这种变化是维持机体自稳态调节的一种代偿机制     

小柴胡汤胶囊抗鸭乙型肝炎病毒的实验研究

目的：观察小柴胡汤胶囊体内抗鸭乙型肝炎病毒（ＤＨＢＶ）的作用。方法：采用重庆麻鸭乙型肝炎动脉模型，用小柴胡汤胶囊口腔灌服治疗１个月，检测用药前后血清中的ＤＨＢＶＤＮＡ及血清转氨酶（ＡＬＴ、ＡＳＴ）、肝组织ＨＥ染色病理检查。结果：小柴胡汤胶囊大剂量组用药２周、１月主中小剂量组用药１个月能使血清中ＤＨＢＶＤＮＡ滴度总体水平显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）或极显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１），但停药１周后有ＤＮＡ滴度回     

老年男性冠心病患者血清硫酸脱氢表雄酮含量变化的临床意义

目的观察老年男性冠心病患者血清硫酸脱氢表雄酮（ＤＨＥＡ－Ｓ）含量变化，探讨其与睾酮（Ｔ）、胰岛素（ＩＮＳ）、血糖（Ｇｌｕ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、载脂蛋白Ｂ（ａｐｏＢ）及年龄的相关性。方法用放免法测定６９例老年男性冠心病患者血清ＤＨＥＡ－Ｓ含量，并与３５例年龄匹配的男性健康人对照。结果冠心病组ＤＨＥＡ－Ｓ含量（２．９６±１．８０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）显著低于对照组（４．０６±１．７６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１），病情重组（２．４４±１．３６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）又明显低于病情轻组（３．３２±２．１２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０５）；冠心病组ＤＨＥＡ－Ｓ含量与年龄呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．３０５４，Ｐ＜０．０１），对照组两者也呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．３６１５，Ｐ＜０．０５）；冠心病患者ＤＨＥＡ－Ｓ降低与空腹血清ＩＮＳ、ＴＧ及ａｐｏＢ增高均呈负相关（分别为ｒ＝－０．３２９７、－０．２５１９及－０．２４１３，Ｐ＜０．０１或０．０５）。结论老年男性冠心病患者血清ＤＨＥＡ－Ｓ含量降低，并与冠心病某些危险因素如老年、高胰岛素血症、高甘油三酯血症、血清ａｐｏＢ高值相关，但其确切的发病机理有待深入研究。     

戊酸雌二醇对18月龄雌性大鼠下丘脑内阿片肽基因表达的调节作用

目的观察戊酸雌二醇对１８月龄雌性老年前期大鼠下丘脑、垂体和血浆内阿片肽含量及下丘脑内阿片肽ｍＲＮＡ水平的影响。方法采用ＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ和神经肽放免测定法。结果与５月龄青年大鼠比较，１８月龄大鼠下丘脑和血浆β－内啡肽（β－ＥＰ）、亮氨酸脑啡肽（Ｌ－ＥＮＫ）、强啡肽Ａ１－１３（ＤｙｎＡ１－１３）含量明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１）；垂体β－ＥＰ、Ｌ－ＥＮＫ含量升高，ＤｙｎＡ１－１３含量降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；下丘脑阿黑皮素原（ＰＯＭＣ）基因和脑啡肽原（ｐｒｏｅｎｋｅｐｈａｌｉｎ）基因ｍＲＮＡ水平明显低于青年大鼠（Ｐ＜０．０５）。肌注戊酸雌二醇后，老年前期大鼠下丘脑ＰＯＭＣ和ｐｒｏｅｎｋｅｐｈａｌｉｎ基因ｍＲＮＡ水平明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；下丘脑β－ＥＰ含量增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）；垂体β－ＥＰ降低，Ｌ－ＥＮＫ升高；血浆ＤｙｎＡ１－１３含量增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论戊酸雌二醇促进老年前期雌性大鼠下丘脑β－ＥＰ基因表达，增强其合成能力，而对Ｌ－ＥＮＫ和ＤｙｎＡ代谢的影响不明显。     

心肺复苏早期应用大剂量肾上腺素的临床研究

探讨了心肺复苏（ＣＰＲ）早期应用大剂量肾上腺素（ＨＤＦ）对动脉压及临床效果的影响。将６２例心骤停（ＣＡ）患者根据ＨＤＦ用法分为早期组和非早期组进行抢救，于肾上腺素（Ｅ）首剂量后对两组各５例患者行动脉压测定。结果显示，ＣＰＲ成功率、出院存活率、主动脉舒张压和收缩压早期组明显高于非早期组（Ｐ〈０．０１，Ｐ〈０．０５）。证明早期应用ＨＤＦ具有临床价值。     

酒精性脂肪肝肝细胞色素P450ⅡE1的表达与氧化抗氧化的关系

目的　研究酒精性脂肪肝肝细胞色素Ｐ４５０ ⅡＥ１ 的表达以及与氧化抗氧化的关系。方法在大鼠饮水中逐步加入４０％ （ｖ／ｖ）的酒精后饲喂至２０ 周,用免疫组化的方法研究肝细胞色素Ｐ４５０ ⅡＥ１ 的表达情况。同时,检测肝组织中ＭＤＡ 和ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ、ＶｉｔＥ 的含量变化,并分析其相关性。结果　酒精组大鼠肝组织在腺泡Ⅲ区出现中度脂肪变,肝细胞色素Ｐ４５０ ⅡＥ１ 在腺泡Ⅲ区的表达显著增强,并向Ⅱ区弥散。与对照组相比,脂肪肝肝组织ＭＤＡ 的含量显著升高（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,而ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ、ＶｉｔＥ的含量则显著下降（ Ｐ值分别小于０．０１、０ ．０１ 、０．０５） ,相关分析表明,细胞色素Ｐ４５０ ⅡＥ１ 的表达与ＭＤＡ 呈显著的正相关（ Ｐ＜０ ．０１）,而与ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ、ＶｉｔＥ分别呈显著的负相关（ Ｐ均小于０ ．０１） 。结论　酒精性脂肪肝肝细胞色素Ｐ４５０ ⅡＥ１ 的表达在腺泡Ⅲ区显著增强,并向Ⅱ区弥散,与肝脂肪变的分布相一致,并可能与脂质过氧化有关。     

高血压病左室重量与血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮的相互关系及培哚普利、美托洛尔对其影响

研究６２例高血压病（ＥＨ）血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡＴⅡ）、醛固酮（ＡＬＤ）水平及其与左室肥厚（ＬＶＨ）的关系，并与２０例正常人进行对照。根据左室重量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）将ＥＨ伴ＬＶＨ者４７例随机分为两组，投以培哚普利或美托洛尔治疗８周。结果显示，ＥＨ患者血浆ＡＴⅡ及ＡＬＤ浓度明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＬＶＨ组高于非ＬＶＨ组（Ｐ＜０．００５），ＬＶＨ组的ＬＶＭＩ与ＡＴⅡ和ＡＬＤ正相关（ｒ分别为０．３４２和０．３５６，Ｐ＜０．０１），用药后两组ＬＶＭＩ、ＡＴⅡ和ＡＬＤ水平均显著降低，且８周后两组ＬＶＭＩ差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＬＶＭＩ下降值与血浆ＡＴⅡ、ＡＬＤ浓度下降值呈正相关（ｒ分别为０．６１２和０．６４７，Ｐ＜０．００１），提示ＡＴⅡ、ＡＬＤ是引起ＥＨ心肌肥厚重要的体液因素，培哚普利及美托洛尔短期治疗均可使ＬＶＨ逆转，培哚普利对ＬＶＨ的逆转可能优于美托洛尔。     

非酒精性脂肪肝肝细胞色素P450ⅡE1的表达与氧化抗氧化的关系

目的研究非酒精性脂肪肝肝细胞色素Ｐ４５０ⅡＥ１表达及与氧化抗氧化的关系。方法用免疫组织化学的方法研究高脂饲料诱导的大鼠脂肪肝肝细胞色素Ｐ４５０ⅡＥ１的表达,同时检测肝组织中雨二醛（ＭＤＡ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）、维生素Ｅ（ＶｉｔＥ）含量的变化,并分析其相关性。结果高脂饲料诱导的大鼠脂肪肝肝细胞色素Ｐ４５０ⅡＥ１在腺泡３区的表达增强,并从３区弥散至２区,与正常组相比,脂肪肝肝组织中ＭＤＡ的含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）．而ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ、ＶｉｔＥ的含量显著下降（Ｐ值分别小于０．０１、０．０５、０．０１）。相关分析表明,肝ＣＹＰＨＥＩ的表达与ＭＤＡ呈非常显著的正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）、而与ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ、ＶｉｔＥ呈显著的负相关ｕ值分别小于０．０５、０．０５、０．０１）。结论非酒精性脂肪肝肝细胞色素Ｐ４５０ⅡＥ１在腺泡３区的表达增强,并呈弥散性的分布,与酒精性脂肪肝的表达相似,并可能与脂质过氧化反应有关。     

血透患者血浆D—二聚体水平和纤溶参数的变化

目的：观察血透患者纤溶状态的变化，探讨与临床止凝血的关系。 方法：测定２０例血透（ＨＤ）患者透析过程中Ｄ－二聚体和ｔ－二聚体和ｔ－ＰＡ、ＰＬＧ、ＰＡＩ的动态变化，并与２８例健康者对照。结果：ＨＤ组透析前Ｄ－二聚体、ｔ－ＰＡ显著高于对照组，ＰＬＧ和ＰＡＩ明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）。在透析过程中Ｄ－二聚体、ｔ－ＰＡ显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＰＡＩ逐渐降低（Ｐ〈０．０５），而ＰＬＧ无明     

老年高血压病患者血浆内皮素与左室重量和功能关系的研究

目的探讨老年高血压病患者（ＥＨ）血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）与左室重量和功能的关系。方法采用放射免疫分析法和多普勒超声心动图技术检测８６例ＥＨ患者和５７例健康对照者血浆ＥＴ的浓度及室间隔（ＩＶＳＴ）、左室后壁厚度（ＰＷＴ）、左室心肌重量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）以及左室流入道Ｅ峰和Ａ峰比值（Ｅ／Ａ）、Ｅ峰加速面积（ＥＡＡ）。结果ＥＨ组ＥＴ、ＩＶＳＴ、ＰＷＴ、ＬＶＭＩ显著高于对照组（Ｐ值均＜０．０１）,Ｅ／Ａ、ＥＡＡ显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;ＥＨ组ＥＴ与ＩＶＳＴ、ＬＰＷＴ、ＬＶＭＩ之间均存在着显著正相关（Ｐ值均＜０．０１）,ＥＴ与Ｅ／Ａ、ＥＡＡ之间均存在着显著负相关（Ｐ值均＜０．０１）。结论ＥＴ可能是引起ＥＨ患者左室肥厚及舒张功能不全的原因之一。     

双苯氟嗪对老龄大鼠学习记忆的改善作用及其机制

目的 观察双苯氟嗪对老龄大鼠学习记忆能力的影响并分析其机制。方法 选用雄性21月龄大鼠，灌胃给予双苯氟嗪5．0mg／kg90d后，跳台仪测定大鼠学习记忆能力，HE染色观察脑组织形态学变化，免疫组化法测定脑组织胆碱乙酰转移酶（choline acetyltransferase，ChAT）表达，生化分析法测定大鼠血清中SOD和MDA。结果 双苯氟嗪可缩短老龄大鼠的反应时间及受电击时间，减少错误次数，延长潜伏期，可显著增强老龄大鼠血清中SOD活力，降低MDA的含量，可以保护老龄大鼠脑损伤性改变，维持海马锥体细胞完整，并可提高老龄大鼠脑组织中ChAT表达。结论 双苯氟嗪可改善老龄大鼠的学习记忆能力，这种作用可能与其提高机体抗氧化能力及脑内胆碱能神经功能有关。     

Effects of idebenone on memory impairment induced in ischemic and embolization models of cerebrovascular disturbance in rats

Two rat models of memory impairment in passive avoidance learning induced by cerebrovascular disturbance, were established to estimate the effects of a cerebral metabolic enhancer, idebenone. Transient and global cerebral ischemia in rats, produced by 4-vessel occlusion for 200 s immediately after the acquisition trial of passive avoidance learning, shortened the latencies in the retention test trial performed 24 h later. This retrograde amnesia was reversed significantly by idebenone administered orally or intraperitoneally at the doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg before the retention test trial. Idebenone at a dose of 10 mg/kg, given intraperitoneally before or immediately after the ischemia, also markedly inhibited the appearance of amnesia. In the second model, permanent and cerebral hemisphere embolization produced by injecting 2,000 microspheres into the internal carotid artery, significantly impaired passive avoidance learning performed 7 days later. The repeated administration of idebenone (30 mg/kg, i.p.). once a day after the embolization, significantly improved the impairment of passive avoidance learning in the embolized rats. Furthermore, physostigmine and arginine-vasopressin as reference compounds improved the impairment of passive avoidance learning in these models. These findings suggest that idebenone ameliorates memory impairment induced by cerebral vascular disturbance in rats.     

脱氢表雄酮增强老龄大鼠免疫功能和记忆力的研究

目的 了解脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)对老龄大鼠体重、记忆和免疫功能的影响。方法 采用灌胃法，把DHEA溶液从食道中灌入，然后采用一次性避暗学习，检测大鼠的记忆情况；用^3H掺入法测定淋巴细胞的转化；以YAC—I细胞株为靶细胞，测定自然杀伤细胞(NK)的活性；用标准奠联免疫吸附法(ELSA)测定大鼠血清中IgG水平；并从给药的当天开始，测定大鼠体重，每隔4d 1次。结果 喂食DHEA后老龄大鼠的细胞免疫和自然杀伤细胞活性都增强；记忆的保持能力也有所提高，与对照组相比达到显著性，接近青龄鼠的水平。另外，DHEA对老龄鼠体重的减轻也有星著作用，而对青龄鼠月不明显。结论 DHEA具有一定的抗衰老作用。     

Memory-enhancing activity of Anacyclus pyrethrum in albino Wistar rats

ObjectiveTo explore the potential effect of ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum (A. pyrethrum) in memory dysfunction.MethodsMemory impairment was produced by administration of scopolamine (1mg/kg i. p) in rats. Passive avoidance paradigms, elevated plus maze and social learning task was used to assess learning and memory.ResultsA. pyrethrum extract treated group decreased transfer latency in elevated plus maze model paradigm which is an indicative of cognition improvement. In case of passive avoidance paradigm extract treated group exhibited prounced effect in reversal of scopolamine induced amnesia which was revealed by increase in step down latency. Social learning task also revealed the memory enhancing activity of A. pyrethrum extract.ConclusionEthanolic extract of A. pyrethrum has been demonstrated to improve cognitive processes by enhancing memory in different experimental paradigms such as passive avoidance paradigms, elevated plus maze and social learning task when administered orallyBrain cholinesterase level was measured to assess central cholinergic activity. The treatment with drugs, which increase cholinergic neurotransmission, causes an improvement in cognitive deficits. The present study suggest that ethanolic extract of A. pyrethrum increased brain cholinesterase level and hence it possess memory enhancing activity in scopolamine induced amnesia model by enhancing central cholinergic neurotransmission.     

Effect of Punica granatum peel extract on learning and memory in rats

ObjectiveTo evaluate potential memory enhancing effect of Punica granatum peel extract on rats.MethodsHealthy adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were used. Each group of 6 rats were administered either distilled water or 50 mg/kg of extract or 100 mg/kg of extract for 15 days and subjected to passive avoidance test or T-maze test. In the next phase rats were administered distilled water or 100 mg/kg of extract for 15 days and the rats were given injection diazepam before subjecting them to the tests.ResultsThe overall performance was better in test groups compared to control groups. Among the test groups, 100 mg/kg rats performed better than 50 mg/kg. The effect on spatial learning parameters like mean number of alternations and mean percentage bias was more marked compared to retention testing parameters like latency. 100 mg/kg Punica extract treated group also improved performance of diazepam treated rats.ConclusionsThere is a definite trend of memory improvement by Punica granatum peel with effects being more marked on spatial learning tendency and long term memory than on retention capacity.     

慢性脑缺血大鼠学习记忆损害与海马磁共振波谱分析

目的探讨慢性脑缺血对大鼠空间学习记忆功能及海马区神经细胞代谢物水平的影响及后两者的相关性。方法雄性10月龄SD大鼠30只,随机分为缺血组、假手术组和对照组,每组10只。行Morris水迷宫实验及质子磁共振波谱(~1H-MRS)扫描,计算左侧海马区N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)/总肌酸(Cr)、胆碱复合物(Cho)/Cr的积分面积比值。结果缺血组大鼠定位航行的平均逃逸时间较假手术组和对照组明显延长,停留于平台所在区域的时间及穿越平台区域次数均较假手术组和对照组明显减少(P0.01)。缺血组大鼠左侧海马区Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr水平较假手术组和对照组明显降低(P0.05,P0.01)。各组大鼠左侧海马NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr水平与对应停留时间、穿越平台区域次数的变化趋势呈正相关。结论持续性低血流灌注可导致大鼠海马区神经元的功能代谢水平降低及学习记忆能力明显受损,海马区神经元的功能活性下降是认知障碍的重要机制之一。     

腹腔注射内毒素对成年和老年大鼠记忆功能的影响

目的探讨腹腔注射内毒素对成年和老年大鼠记忆功能的影响。方法将成年和老年雄性SD大鼠各16只随机分为4组:成年大鼠生理盐水组(A组)、成年大鼠内毒素组(B组)、老年大鼠生理盐水组(C组)和老年大鼠内毒素组(D组),每组8只。经腹腔注射内毒素250μg/kg或等体积的生理盐水,24 h后记录大鼠从明室进入暗室的潜伏期作为记忆成绩。取海马组织,应用酶联免疫吸附法测定白细胞介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)蛋白的表达,并检测其中半胱氨酸天冬氨酸酶1(caspase-1)的活性。结果 D组大鼠进入暗室的潜伏期明显短于C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),而B组与A组大鼠进入暗室的潜伏期差异无统计学意义(P0.05);D组大鼠海马组织caspase-1活性较B组明显升高(P0.05);B组大鼠海马IL-1β蛋白表达较A组明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),D组大鼠海马IL-1β蛋白表达明显高于B组和C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论腹腔注射内毒素后老年大鼠记忆功能受损,但并不影响成年大鼠的记忆功能,这可能与衰老加重内毒素诱导的海马IL-1β蛋白表达升高有关。     

Comparison of the impact of melatonin on chronic ethanol-induced learning and memory impairment between young and aged rats

Chronic alcohol exposure causes functional and structural changes in nervous system which have all been associated with learning and memory impairments. Furthermore, alcohol consumption has been shown to alter the pattern of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) which are involved in memory processes. In the current work, we investigated the effects of melatonin on learning and memory deficits induced by alcohol exposure in young and aged rats. A group of young rats (3 months old) were administered ethanol for 45 days and half of them were co-treated with melatonin. Similar treatments were performed in the aged (19 months old) rats. Morris water maze test and passive avoidance task were used to assess cognitive performance. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined to characterize the level of oxidative stress in the hippocampus and cortex. NCAM levels were determined by Western blotting in the hippocampal homogenates. There was a significant elevation in LPO levels and a reduction in GSH levels in aged and alcohol-exposed rats. Furthermore, both young and aged rats displayed some cognitive impairment when given with alcohol for 45 days. Co-administration of melatonin with ethanol significantly reduced LPO and elevated GSH levels while improving the learning and memory deficits induced by ethanol; the aged rats exhibited a greater response to melatonin supplementation. Moreover, melatonin modulated NCAM expression in hippocampus. Present findings indicate that exposure to ethanol induces learning and memory deficits probably by generating reactive oxygen species and downregulating NCAM 180 in hippocampus of aged rats. Melatonin improves learning and memory deficits and the behavioral responses of rats to melatonin supplementation are age dependent.     

围生期甲状腺功能减退仔鼠行为、学习和记忆研究

旷场试验、避暗试验、放射状八臂迷宫试验等结果显示，围生期甲状腺功能减退仔鼠情绪、空间学习记忆的改变与海马神经元凋亡增加相关。     

粉防己碱对大鼠拟痴呆模型脑保护作用研究

目的研究粉防己碱(Tet)对喹啉酸(QA)致大鼠拟痴呆模型学习记忆障碍的改善作用和脑保护作用。方法向大鼠双侧海马CA1区微量注射QA制备痴呆模型,通过Morris水迷宫和穿梭箱实验观察不同剂量Tet对该模型大鼠学习记忆障碍的改善作用,并通过病理形态学观察Tet对大鼠痴呆模型的脑保护作用。结果不同剂量Tet(10mg/kg和15mg/kg)均能明显改善大鼠痴呆模型的空间学习记忆能力和条件性学习记忆能力障碍(P<001,P<005),并能明显减轻QA所致的大鼠海马神经元损伤。结论Tet能明显改善QA所致大鼠痴呆模型的学习记忆障碍,并对其脑神经元损伤有明显保护作用。