前列腺导管腺癌42例临床病理分析

目的探讨前列腺导管腺癌的临床病理和免疫组化特征。方法回顾性分析42例前列腺穿刺活检、经尿道前列腺切除和前列腺癌根治手术标本中的前列腺导管腺癌,所有病例均作34βE12、CK5/6、p63、AMACR、PSA和PAP免疫标记,并对照HE切片诊断。结果导管腺癌以周围型多见(39例,92.6%),有30例(21.4%)合并普通经典型腺癌。镜下以大腺泡为主,呈乳头状,筛孔状或管状结构,瘤细胞高柱状,核异型性明显。免疫组化表型类似经典型腺癌,但有23.8%的病例肿瘤性腺管周围有34βE12、CK5/6、p63标记阳性的基底细胞存在。结论导管腺癌与经典型腺癌相比,临床病理和免疫组化表现均有差异,病理诊断应注意与高级别上皮内瘤和转移性腺癌鉴别。     

原发性膀胱腺癌4例临床病理分析

目的 探讨原发性膀胱腺癌的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法 收集4例原发性膀胱腺癌的临床资料,采用免疫组化EnVision法检测,分析其临床病理学特征、免疫表型等,并进行文献复习。结果 镜下癌组织呈不规则腺管样、乳头状排列,浸润性生长,细胞异型性明显。免疫表型：β-catenin呈膜阳性,UroplakinⅢ呈阴性。结论 原发性膀胱腺癌是一种少见的膀胱高度恶性肿瘤,预后差,易转移,对放、化疗不敏感。诊断主要依靠临床病史及病理检查,并辅以免疫组化检测。     

根治性前列腺癌切除术切缘阳性114例临床病理分析

目的分析根治性前列腺癌切除术切缘阳性的临床病理特征, 探讨其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2021年6月北京医院病理科根治性前列腺癌切除术274例患者的临床病理资料。用墨汁涂抹根治性前列腺癌标本切缘, 依据癌组织是否侵犯墨汁涂抹标记的切缘分为切缘阳性组、切缘阴性组, 比较两组患者的临床病理特征[年龄、术前前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、病灶数量、病变部位、术后病理Gleason评分、肿瘤负荷、术后病理分期], 评价影响切缘阳性的相关危险因素。结果 274例标本中, 114例切缘阳性, 160例切缘阴性, 切缘阳性占41.6%。平均年龄68.3岁, 切缘阳性组平均年龄68.0岁, 切缘阴性组平均年龄68.6岁, 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有病例术前PSA水平均值为15.8 μg/L, 切缘阳性组为21.5 μg/L, 切缘阴性组为11.3 μg/L, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001), 且随着PSA水平(<10 μg/L、10～20 μg/L、>20 μg/L)的升高, 切缘阳性率越高(分别为31.1%、48.7%、69.4%)。病灶数量118...     

膀胱原发透明细胞腺癌3例临床病理特征

目的 探讨膀胱原发透明细胞腺癌(clear cell adeno-carcinoma,CCA)的临床病理学特征、诊断、鉴别诊断及免疫表型.方法 回顾性分析3例膀胱原发CCA的临床资料,行HE和免疫组化EnVision法染色,并复习相关文献.结果3例患者中女性2例,男性1例,平均发病年龄62岁;2例发生于膀胱颈,1例发生...     

前列腺癌病理诊断概要

前列腺癌在美国已超过肺癌而占男性恶性肿瘤的第一位。该病在我国的确切发病率尚无统计,但在日常工作中越来越多见,因此正在引起临床医师的重视。开展穿刺活检诊断越来越普及,同时超声检查,使许多无症状者以及直肠指检无阳性发现者在超声下可有低回声区出现,使穿刺活检广泛开展起来。     

临床A期前列腺癌的病理特征的漏诊误诊原因分析

目的：探讨临床A期前列腺癌的病理特征,并分析其好发部位及漏诊误诊原因,方法：复查上海地区5年医院1020份前列腺切除标本,通过免疫组织化学SP法检出50例临床A期前列腺癌,根据肿瘤分化程度及容量分出A1期癌12例和A2期癌38例,比较病理形态差异,分析A1和A2期癌的漏诊误诊原因。结果：A1期癌以低中级别,低容量,多灶性生长为特点,A2期癌以高中级别,高容量,高浸润性伴高级别上皮内新生物为特征,在漏诊误诊的8例A期癌中,A1期癌占7例,均误诊为良性增生性小腺泡病变,A2期癌1例误诊为反应上皮样组织细胞增生。结论：A1期癌大多在增生的前列腺移行带和中央带组织易被发现,A2期癌可能是大多原发于周围带的高中级别癌浸润至前列腺中央区域,国内A期癌检出率低的原因主要是因为标本取材量少和A1期癌漏诊率较高。     

临床A期前列腺癌的病理特征和漏诊误诊原因分析

目的探讨临床A期前列腺癌的病理特征,并分析其好发部位及漏诊误诊原因.方法复查上海地区5所医院1 020份前列腺切除标本,通过免疫组织化学SP法检出50例临床A期前列腺癌,根据肿瘤分化程度及容量分出A1期癌12例和A2期癌38例,比较病理形态差异,分析A1和A2期癌的漏诊误诊原因.结果 A1期癌以低中级别、低容量、多灶性生长为特点,A2期癌以高中级别、高容量、高浸润性伴高级别上皮内新生物为特征.在漏诊误诊的8例A期癌中,A1期癌占7例,均误诊为良性增生性小腺泡病变.A2期癌1例误诊为反应性上皮样组织细胞增生.结论 A1期癌大多在增生的前列腺移行带和中央带组织易被发现,A2期癌可能是大多原发于周围带的高中级别癌浸润至前列腺中央区域.国内A期癌检出率低的原因主要是因为标本取材量少和A1期癌漏诊率较高.     

进一步提高前列腺癌的病理研究水平

进一步提高前列腺癌的病理研究水平邹万忠前列腺癌是老年男性常见的恶性肿瘤之一，近年来的发病率逐渐上升，在美国已位居男性肿瘤的第一位［１］。在我国，前列腺癌的发病率虽然远不如西方国家，仅为其１／３０～１／２０，但也有逐年上升的趋势。随着我国人均寿命的延长...     

原发性鼻腔鼻窦腺癌12例临床病理分析

目的探讨原发性鼻腔鼻窦腺癌的临床病理特点及预后。方法回顾性分析12例原发性鼻腔鼻窦腺癌的临床病理学特征,并复习相关文献。结果患者男性7例,女性5例,平均年龄65岁(43～84岁),其中4例肠型腺癌,8例非肠型腺癌。临床主要表现为鼻塞、鼻出血。镜检:高～中分化肠型腺癌主要呈乳头状、腺管状结构,低分化主要呈实性生长;低级别非肠型腺癌主要为均匀的小腺体或腺泡结构,呈背靠背排列;高级别非肠型腺癌主要呈实性生长或巢状结构。免疫表型:4例肠型腺癌CDX2均弥漫阳性,2例CK20弥漫阳性、2例部分阳性,2例CK7局灶阳性;8例非肠型腺癌CK7弥漫阳性,2例CK20少数阳性,CDX2均阴性。随访时间10～84个月,其中肠型腺癌复发3例,转移2例,死亡2例;非肠型腺癌复发4例,转移1例,死亡3例。结论原发性鼻腔鼻窦腺癌的发病率较低,临床少见,组织病理学特点有重叠,应注意鉴别诊断。     

13例前列腺导管腺癌临床病理分析

目的：探讨前列腺导管腺癌的临床及病理组织学特征。方法：对13例前列腺导管腺癌进行光镜观察、免疫组织化学标记,鉴别诊断。结果：混合腺泡腺癌的导管腺癌最多见,占61.35%,大多发生于前列腺中央部,占76.92%,镜下呈乳头状、筛状或实性腺样排列,肿瘤细胞呈高柱状,胞浆丰富,嗜双色性,细胞异型性明显,大部分肿瘤细胞可见核仁。免疫组织化学标记PSA及AR均阳性13例,P504s阳性12例,P63及34βE12阳性1例,Ki-67增殖指数5%~80%。结论：前列腺导管腺癌与普通型腺癌相比,临床及病理特征均有差异,且需与高级别PIN、尿路上皮癌累及前列腺及尿道乳头状腺瘤相鉴别。     

Prevalence and clonality of synchronous primary carcinomas in the bladder and prostate

Incidental prostate adenocarcinoma (IPCa) has been frequently discovered during postoperative histopathological evaluation of radical cystoprostatectomy specimens in patients with bladder cancer (BCa). However, there is currently no conclusive study addressing the clinical significance of IPCa and the clonal relatedness of IPCa and BCa. Here, we performed a retrospective single‐center review of 919 BCa cases and an additional meta‐analysis including a total of 19 868 individuals who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. IPCa, mostly clinically insignificant, was detected in 67 of 919 BCa patients (7.3%) and was significantly associated with greater age. In the meta‐analysis, a lower prevalence was observed in Asian than in non‐Asian countries (19% versus 32%), presumably due to their different rates of prostate cancer occurrence. Whole‐exome sequencing on matched BCa and IPCa samples unambiguously revealed independent clonal origins of the synchronous tumors. BCa and IPCa lesions from each patient displayed distinctive genomic abnormalities and largely unrelated mutational signatures of single nucleotide variations, indicating disparate mutational processes underlying bladder and prostate oncogenesis. These findings provide important insights into the incidental nature of prostate adenocarcinoma in patients with bladder cancer, and suggest that the two concurrent diseases can be managed separately. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

前列腺基底细胞腺癌

目的：探讨前列腺基底细胞腺癌和腺瘤诊断和鉴别诊断标准。方法：对基底细胞腺瘤３例,基底细胞腺瘤１例,复习其临床和病理资料及进行随访。再次常规切片ＨＥ染色和采用ＬＳＡＢ法,对ＰＳＡ、ＰＡＰ、ＣＫ、ＣＥＡ、ＰＣＮＡ、ｂｃｌ－２、ｐ５３和ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２８种抗体标记结果进行观察。结果：前列腺基底细胞腺癌为分化差的帝体癌在底细胞癌样排列,核分裂象多,癌巢中央伴坏死,可见局灶性鳞状细胞,移行细胞或腺管分化,     

子宫峡部内膜腺癌14例临床病理分析

目的探讨子宫峡部内膜腺癌（uterine isthmic endometrial adenocarcinoma,UIE）的临床病理特征、生物学行为及预后。方法回顾性分析14例UIE临床病理资料,总结其大体、组织学、免疫组化及预后特点,并与63例子宫体内膜腺癌（uterine corpus endometrial adenocarcinoma,UCE）相比较。结果UIE病灶中心在子宫峡部,仅有局部宫颈上端及宫体下端的蔓延。子宫峡部肿块呈外生性息肉状或内生浸润性生长,直径1.5～4cm;9例（64．3％）UIE浸润深肌层（〉50％）,其中4例浸润达浆膜。组织学上,1例为透明细胞型,2例为鳞腺癌,11例为子宫内膜样型;11例（78.6％）UIE为高级别（7例G2、4例G3）。UIE患者的临床分期,Ⅰ期1例（7．1％）,Ⅱ期8例（57.2％）、Ⅲ期4例（28,6％）及Ⅳ期1例（7.1％）。UIE与UCE在浸润深肌层、组织级别、临床分期及淋巴管浸润上差异有显著性;而ER、PR及p53的表达在UIE与UCE之间差异无显著性。结论子宫峡部内膜腺癌是少见的,临床病理及生物学行为与UCE不同。UIE是独立的预后差的子宫内膜腺癌。     

Ductal (endometrioid) adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a clinicopathological study of 16 cases

Sixteen cases of ductal (endometrioid) carcinoma of the prostate are presented. The tumour presents in elderly men (age range 65–87 years) with haematuria or obstructive symptoms. Serum prostate specific antigen may be normal or raised. On cytoscopy, there is often an exophytic lesion in the region of the verumontanum. Histologically, two variants are recognized: papillary and cribriform, of which there were eight cases each. Eight cases consisted of pure ductal carcinoma and seven were mixed, containing a variable proportion of micro-acinar carcinoma.The associated micro-acinar carcinoma had a Gleason score of at least 5. One case of carcinosarcoma with a ductal epithelial component was also included. All cases displayed positive immunohistochemical staining for prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase and but were negative for the basal cell marker MA903. The tumour responds well to orthodox micro-acinar carcinoma therapy and appears notably sensitive to hormonal manipulation. Follow-up of the mixed group is restricted to a maximum of 3 years. Of the eight pure cases, five patients are still alive with survival periods of 11, 8, 7, 3 and 1 years. Three patients died of intercurrent disease of which one patient survived 12 years, having received no treatment. This tumour, therefore, can be regarded as having a good prognosis.     

229例肾细胞肿瘤的临床病理学分析

目的研究肾细胞肿瘤的临床表现、组织学分型、形态学特征及预后。方法复习229例连续肾细胞肿瘤的临床资料、大体标本、HE切片、免疫组化染色结果,按2004年WHO肾细胞肿瘤分类标准重新分类,并随访。结果229例肾细胞肿瘤占同期肾实质肿瘤89.1%(229/257),其中223例(97.4%)为肾细胞癌,6例(2.6%)为肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤。肾细胞癌中,透明细胞癌180例(78.6%),乳头状肾细胞癌19例(8.3%),嫌色细胞癌13例(5.7%),1例嫌色细胞癌伴肉瘤变,多房性囊性肾细胞癌6例(2.6%),Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关肾细胞癌2例(0.9%),未能分类的肾细胞癌2例(0.9%),集合管癌1例(0.4%)。透明细胞癌5年生存率为75.5%;乳头状肾细胞癌5年生存率为80%;嫌色细胞癌随访6例,随访期8~57个月,1例于57个月后死于肿瘤转移;多房性囊性肾细胞癌随访2~40个月,无复发和转移。结论肾细胞肿瘤是一组形态学上各有特征的异质性肿瘤,以恶性为主,其中透明细胞癌、乳头状肾细胞癌、嫌色细胞癌最常见。不同类型肾细胞癌预后不同。WHO肾细胞癌的组织学分型有其实用性和先进性。     

子宫颈黏液腺癌21例病理诊断分析

目的 对子宫颈黏液腺癌病理诊断过程的分析旨在为早期诊断、减少漏诊总结经验.方法 回顾性分析21例子宫颈黏液腺癌的病理诊断过程;采用LABC法免疫组化检测CEA及Ki-67的表达.结果 21例子宫颈黏液腺癌诊断中,漏诊3例(14.3%),其中1例为TCT漏诊,2例为子宫颈活检漏诊;4例(19.0%)子宫颈活检诊断为子宫颈原位腺癌、浸润不能除外,后经LEEP术确诊为子宫颈浸润性黏液腺癌;1例(4.8%)子宫颈活检诊断为慢性子宫颈炎,经LEEP术确诊为子宫颈浸润性黏液腺癌;12例(57.1%)直接由子宫颈活检确诊为子宫颈黏液腺癌;1例(4.8%)经诊刮诊断为腺癌,无法确定组织学类型,术后确诊为子宫颈黏液腺癌.免疫组化染色显示,其中10例CEA表达阳性(47.6%),Ki-67表达均升高(>20%).结论 从细胞学及组织形态学上,掌握子宫颈黏液腺癌的诊断要点,可以减少漏诊,及早做出正确的诊断,为患者赢得宝贵的手术时间.     

Secondary prostatic adenocarcinoma: a cytopathological study of 50 cases

Positive diagnosis of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) can be made by microscopic examination of the cytologic specimens and immunostaining for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate acid phosphatase (PAP). Immunohistochemical markers have been known to display negative, weak, or focal staining in poorly differentiated PAC and in patients with prior hormonal and/or radiation therapy. The purpose of this study is to characterize the cytopathology of metastatic PAC as it has not been documented in large series. Fifty cases of metastatic PAC with cytological specimens consisting of 41 fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB), 6 pleural fluid aspirates, and 3 catheterized urine samples were reviewed and correlated with the surgical specimens and the clinical charts. Immunostaining for PSA, PAP, cytokeratin AE1/3, cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), vimentin, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was done. Mean patient age was 77 +/- 8 yr; serum PSA, 4.1 +/- 2.3; and primary PAC Gleason score, 8.1 +/- 1.5. Cytologically, the specimens consisted of cell clusters or cell sheets with overlapping uniform hyperchromatic nuclei with or without nucleoli. Twelve cases were not reactive to PSA and PAP and 44 cases displayed negative immunoreactivity to both CK7 and CK20. Carcinoid-like lesions and small cell carcinomas were seen in 4 cases and were misdiagnosed as nonprostatic origin based on the following features: negative immunoreactivity to PSA and PAP with or without positive reactivity to CEA, and different histopathological features when compared with the primary PAC. In addition to the frequency of high-grade PAC, awareness of the negative immunoreactivity to PSA and PAP, the discrepancy in the histopathological patterns between the primary and secondary tumors, especially the frequent neuroendocrine differentiation, are helpful features for the diagnosis of metastases of prostatic origin.