罗库溴铵预注和麻黄碱预处理对小儿罗库溴铵肌松起效的影响

目的 观察小儿在罗库溴铵预注、麻黄碱预处理和罗库溴铵预注复合麻黄碱预处理对罗库溴铵起效时间、插管条件和肌松时效的影响.方法 选择全麻下行择期手术的患儿80例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为四组.在麻醉诱导前预先静注:Ⅰ组生理盐水O.5 ml,Ⅱ组罗库溴铵0.06 mg/kg,Ⅲ组麻黄碱70 μg/kg,Ⅳ组罗库溴铵0.06 mg/kg和麻黄碱70 μg/kg.预注和预处理4min后,Ⅰ、Ⅲ组静注罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,Ⅱ、Ⅳ组静注罗库溴铵0.54 mg/kg.待四个成串刺激(TOF)第1个颤搐反应高度(Th)达最大阻滞程度后行气管插管.记录肌颤搐抑制75%、90%和达最大阻滞程度的时间,并评估气管插管条件,同时观察HR、BP变化.结果 Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的最大阻滞起效时间分别为(196±43)、(140±43)、(144±35)和(100±33)s,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的起效时间明显短于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),Ⅳ组的起效时间较Ⅱ、Ⅲ组短(P＜0.05).各组气管插管条件均达到6～9分,优良率100%.各组麻醉诱导期间均无明显的心血管不良反应.各组的临床肌松作用时间和恢复指数差异均无统计学意义.结论 罗库溴铵预注和麻黄碱预处理分别使用均能缩短小儿罗库溴铵的肌松起效时间,而两种方法复合使用可进一步加快肌松起效,但该方法对罗库溴铵的肌松时效无明显的影响.     

罗库溴铵和阿曲库铵的预注量对相互起效的影响

目的　研究罗库溴铵和阿曲库铵的预注量对相互起效和插管条件的影响。方法　 6 0例患者随机平均分成六组。麻醉诱导用地西泮、硫喷妥钠和芬太尼。Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组分别静注罗库溴铵0 6mg/kg和阿曲库铵 0 5mg/kg ,Ⅱ组和Ⅴ组预注罗库溴铵 0 0 6mg/kg ,Ⅲ组和Ⅵ组阿曲库铵0 0 5mg/kg。 3分钟后Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组静注罗库溴铵 0 5 4mg/kg ,Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组阿曲库铵 0 4 5mg/kg。观察插管量后的起效时间和气管插管条件。结果　Ⅲ组的起效时间为 (6 7 6± 14 2 )秒稍短于Ⅰ组的(73 1± 13 4 )秒和Ⅱ组的 (76 3± 15 3)秒 (P >0 0 5 )。Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组的起效时间为 (93 8± 2 2 4 )秒和(115 8± 14 9)秒 ,比Ⅳ组 (15 6 0± 37 2 )秒的短 (P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ,Ⅴ组的起效时间也显著短于Ⅵ组。气管插管条件Ⅴ组较Ⅳ组明显改善。结论　预注罗库溴铵不能使罗库溴铵的起效增快。预注罗库溴铵使阿曲库铵的起效明显增快 ,插管条件改善 ;预注罗库溴铵比预注阿曲库铵对阿曲库铵起效的增快作用更明显     

不同预注间期对缩短罗库溴铵起效时间的影响

目的探讨不同预注间期对缩短罗库溴铵起效时间的影响。方法成人择期全麻下腹部手术患者80例,男40例,女40例,年龄18～60岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为四组。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组均静脉预注罗库溴铵0.06mg/kg,并分别在预注1、2、3min后静脉注射罗库溴铵0.54mg/kg;Ⅳ组静脉预注等体积的生理盐水,并在预注3min后静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg。在注射罗库溴铵插管剂量前1min顺序给予丙泊酚1.5mg/kg、芬太尼4μg/kg。四个成串刺激(TOF)模式下T1值15%时进行气管插管。记录注射插管剂量罗库溴铵前(T1)、气管插管前(T2)、气管插管后即刻(T3)、气管插管后1min(T4)、气管插管后3min(T5)的MAP、HR、SpO2变化,监测并记录静脉注射插管剂量罗库溴铵前的T1值、TOF值和起效时间,评估气管插管条件,记录患者呼吸困难等不良反应的发生情况。结果与Ⅳ组比较,T3、T4时Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组患者的MAP明显降低、HR明显减慢(P0.05);T1时Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组患者的T1值、TOF值明显降低,起效时间明显缩短(P0.05),且Ⅲ组患者的T1值、TOF值明显低于、起效时间明显短于Ⅱ组(P0.05);四组患者的气管插管条件评级差异无统计学意义;所有患者无呼吸困难、吞咽困难、复视等不良反应。结论预注间期为3min的预注法可以明显缩短罗库溴铵的起效时间。     

罗库溴铵在快速气管插管中的应用

罗库溴铵是目前起效最快的非去极化肌松药,其对喉肌的作用快于拇指内收肌,用2ED95剂量罗库溴铵的插管 条件较琥珀胆碱差,不同麻醉诱导药物可影响罗库溴铵的气管插管条件,用限时原则或预注原则行快速诱导气管插管时 2ED95剂量的罗库溴铵与1.5mg·kg-1琥珀胆碱插管条件相当。     

肌松监测下罗库溴铵气管插管时机的临床研究

目的 比较肌松监测下静脉注射罗库溴铵0.9mg/kg后60秒和4个成串刺激(train-of-four,TOF)的T1达到最大抑制程度时的气管插管条件,探讨该药理想的气管插管时机.方法 120例行择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,年龄18岁～60岁,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,随机均分为两组.分别于静脉注射罗库溴铵0.9 mg/kg后60秒(A组)或T1达到最大抑制程度时(B组)行气管插管.观察并记录两组罗库溴铵起效时间(TOF的T1达到最大抑制程度的时间)、气管插管条件(Cooper's评分)、声门暴露程度(Cormack-Lehane分级)、诱导过程中的心率(heart rate,HR)和收缩压(systolic blood pressuref,SBP)变化以及术后24 h咽喉并发症(喉痛、声嘶等不适).结果 静注罗库溴铵0.9 mg/kg后66.0秒±18.1秒(95%可信区间30.2秒一101.8秒)达到T1最大抑制.B组Cooper's评分和Cormack-Lehane分级均优于A组(P相似文献   

罗为溴铵预注不能缩短起效时间

目的　研究罗库溴铵的预注效果。方法　使用孤立前臂技术 ,在受试者前臂上观察预注 0 2 5mg罗库溴铵对 2分钟后给予的 2 5mg罗库溴铵起效时间的影响。 结果　观察组和对照组起效时间分别为 (10 4 3± 35 9)秒和 (10 7 2± 30 1)秒 ,组间比较无显著差异。结论　预注法不能显著缩短罗库溴铵的起效时间     

缩短罗库溴铵起效时间的临床研究

研究预注法和增大剂量法对罗库溴铵起效时间的影响。方法：５０例病人分为五组,每组１０例,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别单次静注罗库溴铵０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组为预注组,初始总剂量均为０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ,预注量分别为０．０６ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．１２ｍｇ／ｋｇ。预注间隔２分钟后,静注插管组,Ⅲ组０．５４ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ⅳ组０．４８ｍｇ／ｋｇ。Ⅴ组为单次静注琥珀胆碱１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。观察各组肌松的起效时间、     

罗库溴铵和阿曲库铵肌松作用的对比研究

目的 比较两种短效非去极化肌松药罗库铵在妇科腹腔镜手术全麻中的肌松作用。方法 选择妇科腹腔镜手术病人40例，术前检查无明显肝肾功能损害。随机分罗库溴铵组（Ⅰ组，n1=20例）和阿曲库铵组（Ⅱ组，n2=20例）。麻醉诱导；静注咪唑安定0.1mg/kg，芬太尼5μg/kg，琥珀胆碱1.5mg/kg，丙泊酚1.5mg/kg，经口明视插管，接Datex-OhmedaAS/3麻醉机，用TOF-guard肌松监测仪（丹麦），采用TOF刺激模式，当肌颤搐恢复至T125%时，静注罗库溴铵0.8mg/kg或阿曲库铵0.5mg/kg维持肌松；当T15%-10%时，分别追加罗库溴铵0.4mg/kg或阿曲库铵0.2mg/kg。麻醉维持丙泊酚80-120mg/h和苏太尼40-60μg/h速率用微量注射泵静脉注射，同时吸入氧化亚氮（N2O：O2为1：1）。结果 I组起效时间明显较Ⅱ组短，并且T125%时间，T190%时间以及恢复指数均较Ⅱ组短。Ⅱ组的循环变化主要表现在注药后1，3，5分钟的SBP较注射前呈明显下降，5分钟后呈回升趋势，结论 罗库溴铵比阿曲库铵肌松起效快，恢复较迅速，对循环影响小，是内腔镜手术麻醉时的良好肌松药选择。     

不同静脉注射速度对小儿罗库溴铵注射痛反应的影响

目的 观察静脉注射速度对小儿罗库溴铵静脉注射痛反应的影响.方法 全麻下择期手术患儿60例均分为两组,给予咪唑安定、氯胺酮,入睡后给予罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg(浓度10mg/ml).A组注速≤3 s,B组注速60 s.采用加速度肌松监测仪监测肌松指标,观察罗库溴铵静脉注射痛反应、气管插管条件和肌松起效时间.结果 B组静脉注射痛反应的发生率明显低于A组(P<0.01);两组插管条件和肌松起效时间的差异无统计学意义.结论 缓慢静脉注射罗库溴铵能明显减轻罗库溴铵静脉注射痛,对气管插管条件和肌松起效时间无明显影响.     

顺式阿屈库铵与维库溴铵诱导期药效学研究

目的对比观察顺式阿屈库铵与维库溴铵单次静注的药效学及对循环系统的影响。方法择期行声带息肉摘除术ASAI-II级病人30例,随机分为2组,分别以顺式阿屈库铵0.15mg/kg(C组)与维库溴铵0.1mg/kg(V组)为肌松剂静注诱导,观察记录诱导期间患者血压、心率变化,应用肌松监测仪记录各组起效时间、最大阻滞程度、T1恢复到25%、75%、90%的时间及气管插管条件。结果2组患者诱导后血压、心率变化与临床常规诱导相似,组间对比无明显差异。肌松起效时间分别为5.2±1.9(C组)与3.1±0.8(V组),差别具有显著性(P0.05)。最大阻滞程度、T1恢复到25%、75%、90%的时间及气管插管条件无统计学差异。结论顺式阿屈库铵与维库溴铵在药效学及对循环系统的影响相似。     

Relationship between maximum principle and dynamic programming principle for stochastic recursive optimal control problems of jump diffusions

This paper is concerned with the relationship between maximum principle and dynamic programming principle for stochastic recursive optimal control problems of jump diffusions. Under the assumption that the value function is smooth, relations among the adjoint processes, the generalized Hamiltonian function, and the value function are given. A linear quadratic recursive utility portfolio optimization problem in the financial market is discussed to show the applications of the main result. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of pretreatment with magnesium on muscle relaxation and cardiovascular responses in tracheal intubation using the priming principle for vecuronium

In addition to its direct effects on blood vessels, the myocardium, and neuromuscular junctions, magnesium can act as an adrenergic antagonist and can inhibit the release of catecholamines both from adrenergic nerve terminals and from the adrenal medulla. This study was undertaken to evaluate these effects of magnesium on muscle relaxation and cardiovascular response during tracheal intubation. Forty ASA I or II patients undergoing elective surgery were allocated to a magnesium or a control group. Three minutes after priming with vecuronium 0.015 mg·kg⁻¹, the magnesium group received vecuronium 0.085 mg·kg⁻¹ and magnesium sulfate 40 mg·kg⁻¹, while the control group received an equivalent volume of vecuronium and saline. The percent change from baseline in mean arterial pressure after tracheal intubation was significantly smaller (P<0.01) in the magnesium group than in the control group, but the percent change in heart rate was similar. There were no significant changes in plasma catecholamine concentrations after tracheal intubation in either group. The onset time of vecuronium was significantly shorter in the magnesium group than in the control group. The duration of action of vecuronium was significantly longer in the magnesium group than in the control group. Serum magnesium concentrations at 90 min after its administration were significantly higher than baseline. We concluded that vecuronium priming with magnesium pretreatment inhibits the hypertension associated with tracheal intubation and shortens the onset time of vecuronium, but prolongs it duration of action. This study was presented in part at the 41th annual meeting of the Japan Society of Anesthesiology, Tokyo, April 1994     

鼻缺损修复术中美学亚单位原则的应用

目的探讨鼻美学亚单位原则在鼻部缺损修复和再造术中应用的效果和意义。方法鼻部各亚单位缺损患者共27例,根据鼻美学亚单位分区分为5组,为鼻背、鼻尖、鼻翼小叶、软组织三角以及涉及两个或两个以上亚单位组。根据缺损面积占亚单位的比例,对小于50%的缺损作亚单位局部修复,大于50%的则去除残余组织,行全亚单位重建。其中,游离组织移植(如植皮、耳廓复合组织移植)10例,局部皮瓣4例,额部皮瓣13例,术后随访5~37个月,以修复后的鼻外形和色泽来判断修复和再造效果。结果植皮、局部转移皮瓣14例全部存活;耳廓复合组织游离移植2例出现表皮发红发暗,半年后皮肤色泽渐趋正常;额部皮瓣鼻再造13例中,有1例出现鼻小柱伤口愈合不佳,鼻假体外露,鼻小柱瘢痕增生挛缩,二期行上唇黏膜瓣带蒂转移修复治愈。27例全部得到随访,患者和家属对手术结果均表示满意。结论运用鼻亚单位原则进行鼻部缺损修复和再造,与传统方法比较,能够获得更为满意的效果。     

The deterministic maximum principle for differential systems with a general cost functional

In this study, a deterministic optimal control problem is investigated in which the system is governed by an ordinary differential equation with a general cost functional. In the framework of Fréchet derivatives, we establish the maximum principle with the Hamilton systems for this optimal control problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

正常成人下腰椎神经根磁共振选择性激励技术成像的特点

目的:利用磁共振选择性激励技术(principle of selective excitation technique,PROSET)成像观察正常成人下腰椎神经根及其毗邻结构的在体影像学特点。方法:2010年12月～2011年3月在我院体检人群中选取50例(男24例,女26例)志愿者,年龄30～75岁,平均52.5岁。均采用3.0T超导型磁共振PROSET行腰椎冠状位扫描,用Mimics 14.0软件系统测量下腰椎神经根的直径(RD),神经根与硬膜囊之夹角(根囊角,RA),神经根与相邻上下位椎弓根之间的距离(神经根上缘与上位椎弓根下缘的距离,PSRD;神经根下缘与下位椎弓根上缘的距离,PIRD),神经根出硬膜囊的位置到椎弓根下缘的距离(PD)。用SPSS 17.0软件统计分析。结果:同一节段RD、RA、PSRD、PIRD及PD的左右侧比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05),故将各指标的左右侧数据合并统计。L3至L5的RD为3.90±0.46mm(1.7～6.4mm)～5.70±0.61mm(3.2～9.0mm),由上至下逐渐增粗;RA为26.70°±3.78°(19.7°～35.1°)～28.50°±3.54°(23.0°～38.5°),由上至下逐渐增大;PSRD为6.50±3.35mm(2.0～10.0mm)～4.60±2.31mm(1.2～9.7mm),PIRD为12.60±3.34mm(8.2～22.4mm)～12.90±3.87mm(5.8～26.1mm),即L5神经根较L3和L4更贴近椎弓根下缘走行,远离椎弓根的上缘;PD为8.40±2.34mm(8.2～27.6mm)～25.90±4.78mm(12.1～54.5mm),从上至下神经根出硬膜囊的位置与椎弓根的距离逐渐变远。结论:磁共振PROSET成像能无创、快速、全面提供下腰椎神经根及其毗邻结构的形态学特点,有助于临床对腰椎疾患的诊疗。     

Design of adaptive controllers using partial certainty equivalence principle

Optimal stochastic control problem for general non‐linear dynamic system with unknown parameters is considered. An approximative assumption, which has been named partial certainty equivalence (PCE) principle, is suggested for design of adaptive controllers of non‐linear and linear stochastic systems. For derivation of a suboptimal controller with the PCE principle the certainty equivalence (CE) assumption is used only for the part of the system states and unknown parameters. The PCE control policy has a simple form for linear systems with unknown parameters. It is suggested in the present paper to design adaptive dual control using the PCE assumption and bicriterial optimization to derive the adaptive controller with the optimal persistent excitation. Simulated examples are used to demonstrate the potential of the suggested method and its superiority over the generally used CE‐controllers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三维立体概念和整形外科学原则在腭裂修复术中的应用

目的：提出腭裂修复手术方法中的三维立体概念和应遵循的整形外科学原则。方法：以兰氏手术和腭粘膜瓣后推手术修复的腭裂患者各取30例，进行回顾性分析，分析腭裂修复手术方法中的三维立体概念和应遵循的整形外科学原则。以侧位X线片和鼻咽内窥镜显示腭咽闭合情况，测量软腭的解剖学长度和生理性动度。结果：兰氏手术后患者24例腭咽闭合不全；腭粘膜瓣后推手术后患者只有1例腭咽闭合不全。结论：由于腭粘膜瓣后推手术修复腭裂符合三维立体概念并且遵循了整形外科举原则，因而手术后的效果优于兰氏手术。     

后腹腔镜下的上尿路上皮癌根治术无瘤原则探讨

目的探讨经尿道电凝联合后腹腔镜治疗上尿路上皮癌（UUT—UC）的可行性和有效性。方法选择我院2010年2月至2012年10月进行的168例后腹腔镜下上尿路上皮癌根治术,其中实验组（83例）采用经尿道电凝联合后腹腔镜根治术（LNU）,对照组（85例）采用联合经尿道电切的后腹腔镜上尿路尿路上皮癌根治术,进行回顾分析,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、肿瘤复发率。结果两组168例后腹腔镜上尿路上皮癌根治术均成功完成,未出现死亡或重大并发症。两组在手术时间、术中出血量、肿瘤分期和肿瘤分级方面差异均无统计学意义。实验组住院时间较对照组缩短,差异有统计学意义。两组1年肿瘤复发率分别为1．6％和13．1％,差异有明显统计学意义。结论联合经尿道电凝的腹腔镜上尿路上皮癌根治术能够减少患者住院时间,减少肿瘤细胞种植,降低肿瘤复发率,最大程度地符合上尿路上皮癌的无瘤治疗原则,值得临床推广。     

Maximum principle for optimal control problem of stochastic delay differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motions

In this paper, we consider the optimal control problem for delayed stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motions. Some necessary Pontryagin's type conditions are derived by considering the adjoint equations satisfying an anticipated backward stochastic differential equation driven by both fractional Brownian motions and the standard Brownian motions. Some new results on stochastic analysis about the control systems driven by fractional Brownian motions are presented. As an application, a linear quadratic problem is deduced, and a numerical example is shown to prove the effectiveness of our method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fractured patella: operative treatment using the tension band principle

The tension band principle was applied in the operative treatment of fractures of the patella in 139 patients, of which 100 were reviewed retrospectively; 61 per cent were males and 70 per cent were aged between 50 and 70. The fractures were treated soon after admission and movement of the knee was started as soon as possible after the operation. Sixty-eight patients were reviewed and 72 per cent were happy with the resulting knee function. Objectively, 81.3 per cent had an excellent or good result. Minor troubles from the operations were common but it was concluded that the wiring of fractured patellas using the tension band principle is a safe and effective technique.