宽叶缬草提取物对戊四氮诱导慢性癫癎大鼠行为及脑电的影响

目的:探讨宽叶缬草提取物(VOL)对戊四氮(PTZ)致癫大鼠模型的脑电和行为变化的影响.方法:用PTZ 37.5mg/kg腹腔注射Wistar大鼠28天建立慢性癫癎模型,同时胃管分组给予VOL 500 mg/kg、1 000 mg/kg、1 500 mg/kg,每天三次,观察大鼠行为及脑电变化.结果:PTZ致癫癎大鼠在28天时87%为重度发作,脑电发作潜伏期及癎波密度分别为4.01±1.70 min,145.75±19.84个/min ,应用三种不同剂量的VOL治疗三周后大鼠癫癎发作程度明显减轻,脑电发作潜伏期延长,分别为7.36±2.18 min、9.42±2.05 min、11.19±1.95 min,癎波密度减少与PTZ模型对照组比较,P<0.05;且高剂量组更明显.结论:VOL能有效对抗PTZ的点燃作用,且有剂量依赖性,在第3周时才开始显效.     

白藜芦醇对戊四氮慢性点燃大鼠行为及脑电图的影响

目的：探讨白藜芦醇（resveratrol,RV）对戊四氮（pentylenetetrazole,PTZ）慢性点燃大鼠行为及脑电图（EEG）的影响。方法：将60只Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组（A组）、PTZ致癎组（B组）、RV干预组（C组）,每组20只。B组和C组通过腹腔注射PTZ建立慢性癫癎动物模型,观察大鼠行为、脑电图及海马组织学变化情况。结果：腹腔注射RV可明显抑制大鼠的癎样放电,延长发作潜伏期、缩短发作时间,与PTZ致痂组相比重型发作率降低（P〈0．05）;同时在病理学上还能减轻海马神经元的损伤程度。结论：RV可明显抑制PTZ诱导的大鼠癫癎发作,对致癎海马神经元有一定的保护作用。     

粉防己碱对戊四唑致(癎)大鼠皮层电图和海马超微结构的影响

目的:探讨钙拮抗剂粉防己碱(tetradrine,Tet)对戊四唑(Pentylentetrazol,PTZ)诱导的大鼠癫(癎)模型的作用.方法:健康SD大鼠24只,随机分为4组,对照组和Tet 3个剂量组(15 mg/kg,30 mg/kg,60 mg/kg)各6只.观察大鼠腹腔注射PTZ前后癫(癎)发作的情况,按Racine分级标准分级,同时记录皮层电图(ECoG),观察PTZ注射后到出现(癎)样放电的潜伏期及1 h内(癎)样放电累加的持续时间.电镜观察海马神经元超微结构的改变.结果:对照组给PTZ后均出现癫(癎)发作,程度均为5级,Tet组发作程度明显减轻.ECoG上出现(癎)样放电的潜伏期延长,(癎)样放电在1 h中的持续时间缩短.同时,Tet也能明显减轻PTZ致(癎)大鼠海马CA1区锥体细胞线粒体的损伤程度.结论:Tet对PTZ诱导的癫(癎)大鼠的发作有明显的对抗作用,对海马锥体神经元的拟伤具有保护作用.     

粉防己碱对戊四唑致大鼠皮层电图和海马超微结构的影响

目的:探讨钙拮抗剂粉防己碱(tetradrine,Tet)对戊四唑(Pentylentetrazol,PTZ)诱导的大鼠癫(癎)模型的作用.方法:健康SD大鼠24只,随机分为4组,对照组和Tet 3个剂量组(15 mg/kg,30 mg/kg,60 mg/kg)各6只.观察大鼠腹腔注射PTZ前后癫(癎)发作的情况,按Racine分级标准分级,同时记录皮层电图(ECoG),观察PTZ注射后到出现(癎)样放电的潜伏期及1 h内(癎)样放电累加的持续时间.电镜观察海马神经元超微结构的改变.结果:对照组给PTZ后均出现癫(癎)发作,程度均为5级,Tet组发作程度明显减轻.ECoG上出现(癎)样放电的潜伏期延长,(癎)样放电在1 h中的持续时间缩短.同时,Tet也能明显减轻PTZ致(癎)大鼠海马CA1区锥体细胞线粒体的损伤程度.结论:Tet对PTZ诱导的癫(癎)大鼠的发作有明显的对抗作用,对海马锥体神经元的拟伤具有保护作用.     

糖皮质激素治疗癫癎的机制及其与白细胞介素-2受体关系探讨

目的 :研究糖皮质激素治疗癫的机制及其与白细胞介素 2受体 (IL 2R)的关系。方法 :用腹腔注射美解眠制作大鼠癫模型 ,致前后分组分别给予地塞米松 ,观察大鼠出现癫发作的潜伏期及持续时间 ,并用脑电图仪和免疫细胞化学方法研究地塞米松对癫大鼠脑电图和皮层及海马区IL 2Rβ免疫反应阳性细胞的影响。 结果 :对照组无癫发作。致前给予地塞米松组大鼠较癫组大鼠癫发作潜伏期延长 (12 .2 5± 1.6 3对 3.85± 0 .81min) ,持续时间缩短 (9.6 8± 3.16对 14 .98±2 .18min) (P <0 .0 1) ,脑电图高电位样波发放减少 ,顶区皮层和海马IL 2Rβ免疫反应阳性细胞数减少 (5 .31± 1.11对 12 .84± 1.5 3,2 .80± 0 .76对 6 .79± 1.14个 ) (P <0 .0 1)。致后给予地塞米松组 ,上述指标与癫组相比 ,差异无显著意义 (13.86± 2 .31对 12 .84± 1.5 3,5 .89± 0 .95对 6 .79± 1.14个 )(P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :糖皮质激素抑制癫发作与其快速膜效应及通过IL 2对免疫 神经 内分泌网络的调节有关。     

γ-羟基丁酸致大鼠失神发作的行为学及皮层电图的对比研究

目的:研究γ-羟基丁酸(GHB)诱导的失神癫癎大鼠模型的行为及皮层脑电图(ECoG)的表现.方法:将20只成年SD大鼠(体重200 g)随机平均分为四组:实验1组,腹腔注射GHB的前体物质γ丁内酯(GBL)100 mg/kg;实验2组,腹腔注射GBL 200 mg/kg;实验3组,腹腔注射GBL 400mg/kg;对照组,腹腔注射生理盐水1 ml.注射后观察比较各组大鼠行为和ECoG的变化.结果:实验1组GBL 100 mg/kg注射8～10 min后行为活动轻度抑制,ECoG背景活动波幅降低;实验2组GBL 200mg/kg注射后见典型失神发作的行为表现伴ECoG上3～5 Hz棘慢波;实验3组GBL 400 mg/kg注射后大鼠的行为活动停止,昏迷,ECoG上伴高幅棘波阵发,间隔5～12 s的长时间抑制波;对照组生理盐水注射后,行为表现正常,ECoG表现为35～42 Hz,波幅20～40μV的快节律,无棘慢节律.结论:GBL能诱发SD大鼠典型的失神发作,对成年SD大鼠致癎的适宜剂量为200 mg/kg.     

拉莫三嗪添加治疗难治性癫(癎)的临床观察

目的:观察拉莫三嗪添加治疗难治性癫癎的疗效、用药方法、剂量及副作用。方法:对54例难治性癫癎患者进行添加拉莫三嗪治疗,观察其疗效。结果:拉莫三嗪添加治疗难治性癫癎,总有效率达83％,37例(69％)患者发作停止。对全面性发作有效率达83％,对部分性发作及部分性发作继发全面性强直阵挛性发作有效率达80％。平均有效剂量96．8±27．3mg／d,37例无发作病例平均剂量为77．8±17．5 mg／d。2例加量12．5 mg／d后发作加重,减量后控制良好。除1例发生轻微皮肤瘙痒外,无中枢神经系统及其他副作用,满意度为96％。结论:拉莫三嗪添加治疗难治性癫癎有良好疗效,副作用轻微,一天一次用药效果可靠,一般患者有效剂量在150mg／d内。     

脑啡肽、纳络酮对KA致痫作用的影响

在KA致痫过程中可能有阿片肽系统参与。本实验用57只大鼠观察了双侧海马注射甲啡肽(ME)及纳络酮(NLX)对腹腔注射KA致痈作用的影响。实验结果表明:A组、11只大鼠腹腔注射(ip)KA10mg/kg,双侧海马注射(iH)生理盐水5μl后,2只发生3级发作,余无明显异常;B组、12只大鼠     

roTOR信号在KA诱导幼鼠癎性发作后的表达变化研究

目的：研究哺乳动物雷帕霉索靶蛋白（mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR）信号在幼鼠癎性发作后的表达变化。方法：海人藻酸（KA）诱导幼鼠癎性发作,根据疝性发作后不同的时间点（1h、3h、16h、24h、3d、5d、1w、2w、6w）进行取材,从大脑中分离KA注射侧海马组织,提取全蛋白进行westernblot检测观察癎性发作后mTOR信号通路活化的标志物核糖体蛋白56（p-S6）蛋白的表达变化。免疫组织化学检测海马区P-S6免疫阳性细胞的表达。结果：KA海马内注射1h、3h、16h、24h,3d,5d,1w,2w,6w大鼠海马组织进行westernblot检测,发现在急性期P-S6的表达量呈现持续升高的表达变化。KA致癎1w后,海马区p-S6阳性细胞表达相对于手术对照组明显增高（76±12VS25±5）。在大鼠大脑皮层神经元亦可见到致癎后大量表达的p-S6阳性神经元（88±13 VS 15±3）。结论：mTOR信号活化标志物p-S6蛋白在KA诱导幼鼠癎性发作后表达明显增加,抑制mTOR信号的异常活化或许成为预防癫癎形成的新靶点。     

癫癎患者听觉事件相关电位的检测报告

目的:探讨听觉事件相关电位(ERP)在癫癎患者中的应用价值。方法:对40例癫癎患者和30名正常人进行ERP检测比较,并将癫癎患者ERP的结果与其发作类型、用药情况等进行比较分析。结果:40例癫癎患者的ERP P300潜伏期较对照组延长(P<0．05),但其P300波幅差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。全身强直阵挛性发作的28例癫癎患者,P300潜伏期延长尤著。多药治疗组较单药治疗组P300潜伏期延长。结论:癫癎患者存在认识功能障碍,ERP可作为癫癎患者认知功能障碍诊断的参考指标,对指导临床,及早给予干预和治疗有一定意义。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.