射频消融治疗兔肝VX2肿瘤后消融病灶鬼影细胞的形态变化

目的 观察射频消融治疗兔VX2肿瘤后病灶鬼影细胞存在的时间及不同时间段形态的变化.方法 将VX2肿瘤组织块接种于32只新西兰兔肝脏,建立肝脏肿瘤模型,2周后控制肿瘤边缘温度行射频治疗,于治疗结束后0、1、2、4周切取标本,在相邻切面分别行HE染色、NADH活力染色,观察鬼影细胞存在时间以及随时间变化过程.结果 射频治疗结束后4周,HE染色下鬼影细胞形态无明显变化,NADH染色显示无活力.结论 消融灶鬼影细胞形态至少能保持到治疗后4周,HE染色不能辨别是否是残癌,必须加用NADH活力染色,才能与残癌正确区分.     

射频消融治疗术对兔肝脏肿瘤影响的实验研究及意义初探

目的 :探讨射频消融对肿瘤组织的治疗效果及其意义 .方法 :通过外科手术将VX2肿瘤组织混悬液穿刺注射建立新西兰兔肝脏肿瘤模型 ,按照射频治疗的先后顺序将模型动物随机分为射频治疗前 (对照 )、射频治疗后 1 ,3,5 ,7和 1 4d 6个时间组 ,分别对其肝功能、肿瘤B超影像学及病理学改变进行观察 .结果 :1wk内肝功能出现明显异常改变 ,多数指标在 2wk左右恢复 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;射频治疗 1wk内B超影像学提示肿瘤大小无明显变化 ,之后逐渐缩小 ;RF治疗后肿瘤组织会形成坏死区、损伤区和炎性区 .随着时间的推移 ,部分坏死区会形成液化区 ,部分损伤区会出现坏死 .细胞凋亡大量存在于治疗区内 .结论 :射频消融治疗术对肝脏肿瘤疗效确切 ,细胞凋亡可能是射频消融治疗肝脏肿瘤的一项重要机制     

兔VX2肝癌LP-THACE后早期癌细胞凋亡研究

目的研究经肝动脉碘油抗癌药乳液化疗栓塞(LP-THACE)后早期的肝肿瘤细胞凋亡。方法27只新西兰大白兔肝VX2肿瘤模型,分成LP-THACE组、THAI(肝动脉灌注化疗)组和对照组(肝动脉灌注生理盐水),在处理后24h、72h、120h处死取材。HE染色光镜检查观察具有典型形态学特征凋亡细胞,分析凋亡指数(AI);FITC-AnnexinV/PI双染法流式细胞术(FCM)检测凋亡早期细胞与凋亡晚期细胞,分析凋亡细胞百分率。结果LP-THACE组凋亡指数(%)在三个不同时间点,瘤外周带依次为5.05±1.02、4.52±0.51、2.81±0.28,瘤中心依次为18.08±0.31、20.25±0.61、14.97±1.33,明显大于THAI组与对照组(P<0.05)。LP-THACE组瘤外周带的凋亡早期细胞百分率在三个不同时间点依次为11.44±4.78、10.99±5.77、5.99±0.57,凋亡晚期细胞百分率为33.21±11.33、38.40±7.77、28.76±7.21;LP-THACE组瘤中心带的凋亡早期细胞百分率在三个不同时间点依次为23.74±3.38、14.43±3.25、11.28±3.42,凋亡晚期细胞百分率为28.50±2.12、52.94±18.97、49.22±22.04。结论LP-THACE诱导兔肝VX2肿瘤在介入处理后的早期发生了明显的肿瘤细胞凋亡,介入治疗诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用集中在早期;诱导凋亡性死亡是LP-THACE治疗肝癌的主要机制。肿瘤中心区域比肿瘤周边区域凋亡对凋亡诱导因子敏感。     

超声造影剂增强HIFU消融兔肝VX2肿瘤组织的电镜观察

目的 探讨高强度聚焦超声(high intensity focused ult rasound,HIFU)联合造影剂消融后对兔肝V X 2肿瘤超微结构变化.方法 用30只新西兰白兔制成VX2肝癌模型,分为两组,A组单纯HIFU辐照,B组辐照前注射超声造影剂.辐照后0 h、6 d,14 d电镜观察.结果 辐照后两组靶区细胞坏死,辐照后早期A组靶区可见细胞轮廓.辐照后6 d两组靶区细胞崩解,边缘见纤维包裹带,靶区周围细胞浊肿,B组较A组严重,B组靶区周围凋亡小体多于A组.结论 超声造影剂增强H I F U对靶区组织的消融作用,进一步破坏组织超微结构.     

肝动脉灌注碘油羟基磷灰石纳米粒对兔VX2肝肿瘤细胞凋亡、增生及血管形成的影响

目的观察肝动脉灌注碘油羟基磷灰石纳米粒（nHAP）对兔VX2肝肿瘤生长、坏死率、凋亡指数、微血管密度（MVD）及增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达的影响,同时观察其对瘤兔生存期的影响。方法80只新西兰白兔肝内肿瘤种植后2周,随机分为4组,每组20只,兔上腹正中开腹,胃十二指肠动脉插管固定,经肝动脉灌注给药,实验设生理盐水组（A组）、单纯碘油组（B组）、阿霉素碘油组（C组）及碘油nHAP组（D组）。治疗后1周及2周,采用CT检测肿瘤大小,计算肿瘤的生长率。治疗后2周,病理观察肿瘤区的坏死率,DNA缺口末端标记（TUNEL）法检测肿瘤的凋亡指数,免疫组化方法测定肿瘤的MVD值。记录各组实验兔治疗后的存活期。结果治疗后1、2周,碘油nHAP组肿瘤体积及生长率明显小于其他各组（均P〈0．05）。治疗后2周,碘油nHAP组肿瘤坏死率和凋亡指数大于其他各组（均P〈0．05）。单纯碘油组及阿霉素碘油组栓塞后,残余肿瘤区的MVD（条）升高,两者分别为34±7和35±8,高于阴性对照A组（23±6,P〈0．05）;碘油nHAP组残余瘤区MVD（16±4）条低于其他组。栓塞组增殖指数低于阴性对照A组,碘油nHAP组增殖指数低于其他各组（均P〈0．05）。4组瘤兔治疗后的生存天数（d）分别为38±6．46±8、50±8、55±9。碘油nHAP组治疗后的生存期长于其他组（均P〈0．05）。结论肝动脉灌注碘油nHAP可明显抑制肿瘤生长,延长瘤兔的生存期,其可能通过促进肿瘤细胞坏死、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和抑制肿瘤血管生成发挥抗肿瘤效应。     

可移植性兔皮肤肿瘤模型的建立

目的　建立一种快速简便的兔皮肤肿瘤模型。方法　手术取出荷VX2鳞癌新西兰大白兔肿瘤组织 ,匀浆 ,取 1× 1 0 6 个VX2肿瘤细胞混悬液 0 5ml,注入 1 0只同种兔背部双侧皮下。密切观察其生长情况。 2周左右 ,切下肿块 ,常规病理活检。结果　 2～ 3d后 ,注射部位相继出现米粒大小的肿块 ,2周左右 ,形成 1 1cm×1 2cm大小的肿块 ,经病理检验证实为鳞状细胞癌。结论　通过种植VX2肿瘤细胞可以快速 ,简便 ,可靠地复制出兔皮肤肿瘤模型。     

一种建立骨肿瘤肺转移模型的方法研究

目的 探讨经胫骨种植VX2瘤组织建立兔肺转移瘤模型的肿瘤转移特点及在基础研究中的应用价值。方法 30只日本大耳白兔,每只家兔均在左侧胫骨植入VX2肿瘤组织块,制成VX2骨肿瘤模型。模型制备后,每周处死15只家兔,行大体解剖,观察肿瘤在肺部转移情况,并将肺组织行固定、包埋后制成切片,经HE染色后观察其镜下表现。结果 30只家兔均在肺部发生肿瘤转移,成模率100%。大体解剖,第1周解剖见肺组织中多发肿瘤结节,主要分布在肺脏边缘,从肺边缘向肺门逐渐减少;第2周肿瘤结节布满全肺,结节明显多于第1周。HE染色镜检,肿瘤细胞在肺脏中聚集成巢,结节中心为坏死细胞,周围为核大深染的肿瘤细胞和炎性细胞,肿瘤细胞与正常肺组织间边界不清晰。结论 经胫骨种植VX2瘤组织建立兔VX2恶性骨肿瘤肺转移模型,是一种操作简便、肿瘤生长迅速、可以在基础研究中推广使用的建模方法。     

兔胰腺移植瘤纳米刀、冷冻、射频的对比研究

目的 通过研究胰腺移植瘤不可逆电穿孔(irreversible electroporation,IRE,俗称“纳米刀”)、冷冻、射频术后的肿瘤凋亡、机体免疫反应及血管生成因子情况,观察不同微创技术对胰腺移植瘤的抗肿瘤效果.方法 兔胰腺移植瘤模型8只,并随机分为模型对照组、纳米刀治疗组、冷冻治疗组及射频治疗组,每组2只.动态观察治疗过程中新西兰大白兔的生命体征,于治疗后第1天全部处死,分离血浆及血清进行检测,H-E染色观察移植瘤组织形态学改变,免疫组织化学方法检测Bcl-2、HSP70和VEGF在胰腺癌移植瘤中的表达,Tunnel法检测细胞凋亡.结果 各组实验兔术后均存活.肉眼观肿瘤边界清晰,触之质地较硬,各组治疗区域可见明显凝固性坏死改变.H-E染色显示治疗组坏死区域和正常区域边界清晰,以纳米刀组为著.各组坏死边缘区可见大量红细胞以及炎症细胞浸润,冷冻及射频术区仍可见部分存活细胞.Tunnel结果显示,射频治疗可以明显增加胰腺癌细胞凋亡.与模型对照组相比,各治疗组血浆的Caspase-3、TNF-α及VEGF水平升高;术区Bcl-2及VEGF因子表达降低,HSP70表达升高.术后血清学检测结果显示仅纳米刀治疗后新西兰大白兔的肌酸激酶水平升高,冷冻及射频组未见升高;肌钙蛋白、肝肾功能及血清淀粉酶未见异常.结论 纳米刀、冷冻、射频治疗兔胰腺移植瘤时,均可能通过诱导细胞凋亡、产生特异的抗肿瘤免疫效应及抑制血管生成来抑制兔胰腺移植瘤的生长,且治疗方法安全、有效.纳米刀在激发机体肿瘤免疫和保护周围重要脏器上有一定的优势.     

超声造影定量分析技术在早期鉴别兔VX2肝肿瘤消融后残癌与炎症带中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声造影定量分析技术在早期鉴别兔VX2肝肿瘤激光消融后癌残留与灶周炎症带中的价值.方法 取新西兰大白兔16只,在兔肝种植VX2瘤后制作肿瘤部分消融模型.在消融后1、3、7、14天对肿块区进行超声造影检查,超声检查仪器为东芝Aplioi900超声诊断仪,造影剂为SonoVue.参照最终病理结果,回放定帧图像,分...     

茶多酚对Lewis肺癌生长转移及肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用

①目的　观察茶多酚对小鼠肺癌生长、肿瘤细胞凋亡及肿瘤转移的作用。②方法　以接种Lewis肺癌的C5 7BL/ 6J小鼠为实验模型 ,茶多酚组每天灌胃给予 6 2 .5、1 2 5 .0、2 5 0 .0mg/kg的茶多酚 ,荷瘤对照组每天灌服生理盐水 ,连续 1 3d ,观察肿瘤生长并测定细胞凋亡指数。③结果　 6 2 .5mg/kg茶多酚对Lewis肺癌生长无抑制作用 ,1 2 5 .0、2 5 0 .0mg/kg茶多酚组抑瘤率分别为 2 7.2 %、1 8.8%。荷瘤对照组肿瘤细胞凋亡指数为 2 4 .90±2 .4 2 ,6 2 .5、1 2 5 .0、2 5 0 .0mg/kg茶多酚组小鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡指数分别为 2 3.90± 2 .81、4 3.0 0± 2 .5 8、33.38± 2 .1 3,1 2 5 .0、2 5 0 .0mg/kg茶多酚组细胞凋亡指数与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (F =1 2 3.5 6 ,q =1 0 .0 4 4、2 2 .74 0 ,P <0 .0 0 1 )。荷瘤小鼠经灌服茶多酚 3周 ,平均肺表转移灶由 (1 3.1 7± 2 .32 )个降为 (5 .1 7± 1 .4 7)个 ,差异有显著意义(t=7.1 4 ,P <0 .0 1 )。④结论　茶多酚可抑制Lewis肺癌生长及转移 ,其机制与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有关     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.