盆底痉挛21例肛直肠动力学研究

目的研究盆底痉挛（pelvic floor dyssynergia，PFD）的肛管直肠动力学变化。方法对有便秘症状并经排粪造影诊断为PFD的21例患者用肛管直肠动力检测仪行肛管直肠压力测定，并测定会阴下降和直肠排空率。以无排便功能紊乱症状的12例健康志愿者作对照组。结果与对照组相比，PFD肛管静息压升高（P〈0．05），力排时直肠-肛管压力差明显下降（P〈0.01），且此压力差为负值，引起直肠初始感觉和初始便意感觉的容积均明显升高（P〈0．01），直肠肛门抑制反射（rectal anal inhibitory reflex，RAIR）阈值容积和直肠排空率均明显下降（P〈0．01）。PFD的RIAR阈值容积与引起直肠初始感觉的容积呈正相关（P〈0．01）。PFD力排时的会阴下降幅度下降（P〈0．05）。结论PFD存在明显的直肠感觉功能下降和盆底肌肉协调运动障碍。     

盆底痉挛21例肛直肠动力学研究

目的研究盆底痉挛(pelvic floor dyssynergia,PFD)的肛管直肠动力学变化。方法对有便秘症状并经排粪造影诊断为PFD的21例患者用肛管直肠动力检测仪行肛管直肠压力测定,并测定会阴下降和直肠排空率。以无排便功能紊乱症状的12例健康志愿者作对照组。结果与对照组相比,PFD肛管静息压升高(P<0.05),力排时直肠-肛管压力差明显下降(P<0.01),且此压力差为负值,引起直肠初始感觉和初始便意感觉的容积均明显升高(P<0.01),直肠肛门抑制反射(rectal anal inhib-itory reflex,RAIR)阈值容积和直肠排空率均明显下降(P<0.01)。PFD的RIAR阈值容积与引起直肠初始感觉的容积呈正相关(P<0.01)。PFD力排时的会阴下降幅度下降(P<0.05)。结论PFD存在明显的直肠感觉功能下降和盆底肌肉协调运动障碍。     

OOC患者血清胆囊收缩素与直肠肛管压力的相关性研究

目的：研究直肠肛菅压力及血清胆囊收缩素（CCK）的改变在功能性出口梗阻型便秘（OOC）患者发病中的作用。方法：采用四通道环状固态压力传感器测压导管测定50例OCC患者直肠肛管压力;采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测其中20例血清CCK水平,并与20例正常人做对照。结果：与正常对9最组相比,OCC患者的肛管静息压、最大缩榨压明显降低,引起直肠初始感觉、初始便意感觉和最大感觉阈值的容积均明显升高（P值均〈O．01）。OCC组血清CCK水平显著低于正常对照组,与最大感觉阈值呈负相关。结论：OCC患者存在直肠肛管压力异常、直肠感觉功能下降及血清CCK的异常。直肠容量的感知能力与血清CCK含量呈负相关。     

肛门功能评估在高位复杂性肛瘘治疗中的价值

目的探讨肛门功能评估在高位复杂性肛瘘治疗中的价值。方法对肛门功能评估的高位复杂性肛瘘患者72例,根据行肛瘘手术次数分别纳入0组、1组、2组、3组和4组。回顾性分析肛管直肠压力测定所得肛管静息压、肛管收缩压、肛管舒张压、括约肌功能长度、直肠肛门收缩反射、抑制反射和排便弛缓反射、直肠初始阈值及最大耐受量等指标,其中43例通过电话和门诊获得随访,平均随访时间(11.4±7.5)个月,比较术前和术后远期肛门失禁评分(Wexner法)。结果高位复杂性肛瘘患者肛管直肠压力测定的各项指标需要综合分析。四组患者肛管静息压、肛管收缩压、肛管舒张压比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001),直肠肛管抑制反射异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.005),提示上述指标的降低及差异与手术次数有关。直肠肛管收缩反射和弛缓反射异常率及直肠感觉阈值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。43例获得随访的患者Wexner评分入院时0~6分,平均(2.4±0.2)分;随访时0~10分,平均(4.9±1.2)分(P<0.005)。结论应重视高位复杂性肛瘘患者的肛门功能评估,尤其是术前肛管直肠测压评估应得到推荐。     

松紧结合挂线法治疗高位肛瘘对肛门功能的影响

目的:比较松紧结合挂线和传统挂线疗法对高位肛瘘患者术后肛门功能Wexner评分及肛肠动力学的影响。方法:选取2018年1月—2020年1月于湖南省浏阳市中医医院肛肠科住院的高位肛瘘住院患者60例,随机分为对照组及治疗组,每组30例,对照组采用传统挂线法,治疗组采用松紧结合挂线疗法,比较两组患者术后总体有效率、肛门功能Wexner评分、肛门直肠动力指标包括肛管最大收缩压、直肠静息压、肛管静息压变化情况。结果:术后治疗组总体有效率为80%,对照组为77%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,两组均有不同程度肛门失禁患者,治疗组患者肛门Wexner评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肛门直肠动力指标:与术前比较,术后两组肛管最大收缩压值均无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗组术后直肠静息压[(1.29±0.31)kPa]、肛管静息压[(15.82±2.55)kPa]值与术前直肠静息压[(1.31±0.19)kPa]、肛管静息压[(16.45±1.81)kPa]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),对照组术后直肠静息压[(0.92±0.22)kPa]、肛管静息压[(12.03±1.81)kPa]较术前直肠静息压[(1.34±0.31)kPa]、肛管静息压[(17.04±1.12)kPa]均显著下降,且术后对照组直肠静息压、肛管静息压值明显低于治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与传统挂线疗法比较,松紧结合挂线能更好的保护高位肛瘘患者术后肛门功能结构和功能,降低肛门失禁的发生率。     

直肠癌保肛术前肛门功能评估的初步调查研究

目的探讨肛门直肠测压在中低位直肠癌保肛术前评估肛门功能的临床应用。方法采用肛肠动力检测系统（ARM）记录107例中低位直肠癌患者手术前的直肠肛管压力指标,采用向量测压软件分析系统临床数据。结果中低位直肠癌患者的肛管静息压比健康者轻度升高,直肠最小感觉阈值、初始排便阈值比健康者明显升高;不同性别患者的肛管长度、肛管最大收缩压差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,中位及低位直肠癌患者的肛管最大收缩压差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,〈60岁组和≥60岁组的直肠癌患者的肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩压差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论性别、年龄、肿瘤位置都是直肠癌患者肛门功能的影响因素。肛门直肠测压可以了解中低位直肠癌患者肛门内外括约肌的情况和评估患者的持便控便能力。     

便秘型肠易激综合征患者肛门直肠感觉及动力学变化的临床研究

目的探讨便秘型肠易激综合征(IBS-C)患者的肛门动力学及肛门直肠感觉功能变化及其盆底肌电压情况。方法选择2014年12月1日至2017年12月1日期间中国人民解放军联勤保障部队942医院消化内科收治的IBS-C患者36例(IBS-C组)及健康自愿者28例(对照组),分别采用ZJ-D3型肛肠压力检测仪和生物刺激反馈仪检测2组受试者的直肠肛管压力(肛管静息压、直肠静息压、肛管直肠压差、肛管高压带长度、直肠感觉阈值及直肠顺应性)和盆底肌电压变化并进行比较。结果 IBS-C组的直肠静息压和肛管静息压分别与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),但IBS-C组的肛管直肠压差明显高于对照组(t=4.371,P=0.017),IBS-C组的肛管高压带长度明显长于对照组(t=6.180,P=0.042)。IBS-C组盆底肌的最大肌电压、最小肌电压及电压频率均明显高于对照组(t=3.386,P=0.031;t=5.763,P=0.042;t=8.410,P0.001)。结论肛门直肠动力学和直肠感觉功能异常可能是IBS-C的重要病因之一,IBS-C可能存在异常的盆底肌肌电压变化。     

肛管直肠动力学改变与肛门疾病关系的研究

目的探讨肛管直肠动力学改变与肛门疾病(痔、裂)的关系。方法分别记录正常人、有肛交史者、肛门疾病患者肛管舒张压、肛管静息压、直肠静息压、肛管最大收缩压、直肠感知阈值、直肠最大耐受量,并进行比较。结果三者差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肛管直肠动力学改变与肛门疾病关系密切。     

直肠肛门瘘手术前后肛肠的动力学改变

目的 研究直肠肛门瘘手术前后肛肠动力学的变化。方法 对37例肛瘘患手术前后用直肠肛管测压法检测直肠肛门反射(RAR)、肛管最大收缩压(AMCP)、肛管最长收缩时间(ALCT)、直肠静息压(RRP)、肛管静息压(ARP)5项技术指标。对肛瘘手术前后及其低位、高位手术前后、低位与高位术后进行比较,并与30名正常人进行对比。结果 术后RAR完全恢复并敏感率提高(P<0.01),与正常人无差异(P>0．05)AMCP与术前无差异(P>0．05),比正常人明显降低(P<0．01);ALCT与术前无差异(P>0．05),比正常人延长(P<0．05);RRP术后降低(P<0.01),与正常人无差异(P>0.05);ARP术后降低(P<0．01),比正常人亦显降低(P<0．01)。结论 肛瘘疾病及肛管内外括约肌损伤的严重程度对肛门的闭紧功能产生直接影响,尤其是高位肛瘘可能引起部分患的气体或液体失禁。     

腹腔镜超低位直肠癌经括约肌间切除术后肛门控便机制变化的研究

目的探讨腹腔镜超低位直肠癌经括约肌间切除（ISR）术后肛门控便机制变化的规律。 方法选择2014年6月至2016年6月间29例腹腔镜超低位直肠癌ISR术患者为治疗组,分别于术后1、3、6、12个月时进行肛门失禁Wexner评分,与肛管测压、代直肠静息容量测定相结合以评估患者的排便功能,同时设立健康成人对照组,进行统计学分析。 结果肛门失禁Wexner评分显示,治疗组术后1、3、6、12个月均与对照组差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,治疗组内术后3、6、12个月均与上一个检测时间点差异有统计学意义（F=182.4,P<0.001）。患者肛管压力测定显示,治疗组术后1、3、6个月的最大静息压、最大收缩压均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）,治疗组内术后3、6、12个月的最大静息压均与上一个检测时间点差异有统计学意义（F=25.029,P<0.05）。代直肠静息容量测定显示,治疗组所有检测时间点的静息向量容积、收缩向量容积均明显低于对照组（均P<0.001）,治疗组内术后3、6、12个月均与上一个检测时间点差异有统计学意义（F=4 640.715、3 421.403,均P<0.001）。 结论低位直肠癌经括约肌间切除术的患者肛门控便功能是一个逐渐恢复的过程,术后12个月左右达到或接近正常水平。     

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??Clinical research of anorectal manometry in unrelaxed pelvic floor syndromeHUA Yang*??MA Xiu??kun??QIAO Li,et al.*Department of General Surgery,the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300211,China Corresponding author:HUA Yang,E??mail:superbuyeree@yahoo.com.cn AbstractObjectiveTo explore the changes of anorectal manometry in unrelaxed pelvic floor syndrome (UPFS).MethodsAnorectal pressure,rectal evacuation were measured in 57 UPFS patients (UPFS group) and 30 healthy volunteers (control group) between January 2006 and August 2007 at the People’s Hospital of Tianjin City.ResultsThe anal resting pressure in UPFS group had no significant difference with that in control group (P>0??05).The anal maximum contractive pressure in UPFS group was higher than that in control group (P<0??01).The rectal anal pressure difference when straining to defecate in UPFS group was negative and lower than that in control group (P<0??01).The minimum rectal volumes to first sensation and desire to defecate in UPFS group were higher than those in control group (P<0??01) .ConclusionThere are decreased rectal sensation and pelvic floor muscle dysfunction in patients with UPFS.     

盆底生物反馈疗法加针刺八谬穴治疗盆底失弛缓综合征所致便秘的临床疗效

为探讨盆底生物反馈疗法加针刺八髂穴治疗盆底失弛缓综合征所致便秘的临床疗效,将60例盆底失弛缓综合征所致的便秘患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各30例,治疗组给予盆底生物反馈治疗加针刺八露穴,对照组单纯给予生物反馈疗法治疗。比较两组患者治疗后排便情况、肛门测压情况及总体疗效。结果显示,两组患者治疗前排便情况各指标评分及肛门测压结果比较,差异均无统计学意义,P〉0．05。治疗后两组患者排便周期、排便时间、排便方式、排便不尽感、肛门坠胀感、便质方面评分及肛管静息压、肛管最大缩榨压、直肠初始感觉阈值、直肠最大耐受阈值均下降,其中治疗组各指标下降更明显,P〈0．05或P〈0．01或P〈0．001。治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组,P〈0．05。结果表明,盆底生物反馈疗法加针刺八髂穴治疗盆底失弛缓综合征所致便秘简便易行,效果显著。     

The role of pelvic floor denervation in the aetiology of idiopathic faecal incontinence

Weakness of the muscles of the pelvic floor and external anal sphincter may in theory be caused by a traction injury to the pelvic nerves incurred as a result of the excessive perineal descent that accompanies straining in the descending perineum syndrome (DPS). To investigate the role of this weakness in the aetiology of idiopathic faecal incontinence (IFI), measurements of perineal position, puborectalis mean fibre density (MFD), anal canal pressures, rectal sensation, capacity, and compliance were made in continent (DPS alone, n = 20) and incontinent (DPS + I, n = 19) patients with DPS, and a group of age and sex matched control subjects (n = 20). Perineal descent on straining was greater in DPS alone than in DPS + I. Puborectalis MFD was raised by similar degree in both DPS groups compared with the control subjects, and external anal sphincter function, assessed as voluntary squeeze pressure, was impaired by similar degree in DPS + I and DPS alone compared with the control subjects. Maximal basal anal canal pressure and rectal compliance were significantly reduced in DPS + I compared with DPS alone and the control subjects. Thus IFI did not result from progression of neurogenic muscle weakness, but occurred when there was also diminished internal anal sphincter tone and reduced rectal compliance.     

The "opening time" and "pelvic floor electromyographic lag time": two novel tools in the assessment of the anorectal evacuation time.

Rectal evacuation necessitates rectal contraction and pelvic floor muscles relaxation; it is not known which action precedes the other. We investigated the hypothesis that pelvic floor muscles relaxation precedes rectal contraction so that rectal contents find the anal canal already opened. Electromyographic activity of the external anal sphincter as well as anal and rectal pressures were recorded during rectal balloon distension and evacuation. Pelvic floor muscles electromyographic lag time (time from start of pelvic floor muscles relaxation to start of evacuation) and opening time (time from start of rectal contraction to start of evacuation) were measured. Rectal balloon distension in increments of 20 mL up to 100 mL effected progressive increase of both external anal sphincter electromyography and anal pressure. At 120 mL balloon distension up to 180 mL, external anal sphincter electromyography and anal pressure exhibited gradual decrease whereas rectal pressure showed no changes. At 200 to 220 mL rectal balloon distension, rectal pressure increased and anal pressure decreased, while external anal sphincter showed no electromyographic activity; rectal balloon was expelled. The opening time recorded a mean of 1.8 +/- 0.7 s and pelvic floor muscles electromyographic lag time of 2.2 +/- 0.9; the two recordings showed no significant difference (p > .05). These, two diagnostic tools in anorectal investigations are presented: the opening time and pelvic floor muscles electromyographic lag time. Pelvic floor muscles relaxation preceded rectal contraction. As there is no significant difference between opening time and pelvic floor muscles electromyographic lag time, it appears easier to apply the latter as it is simple, objective, and noninvasive.     

Anorectal functions in patients with lumbosacral spina cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anorectal status in patients with lumbosacral spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: Twenty six patients (23 males, 3 females) with lumbosacral SCI and 13 normal volunteers were enrolled into this study as controls. The median age was 43.7 years (ranging 17-68 years) and the median time of patients since injury was 59.1 months (ranging 8 months-15 years). They were diagnosed as complete lumbosacral SCI (n =2, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score A), or incomplete lumbosacral SCI (n=24, ASIA score B-D) with mixed symptoms of constipation and/or fecal incontinence, and were studied by anorectal manometry. None of the patients had any medical treatments for neurogenic bowel prior to this study. RESULTS: The maximum anal resting pressure in lumbosacral SCI patients group was slightly lower than that in control group (One-way ANOVA: P=0.939). During defecatory maneuvers, 23 of 26 (88.5%) patients with lumbosacral SCI and 1 of 13 (7.7%) in the control group showed pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) (Fisher's exact test: P<0.0001). Rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) was identified in both patients with lumbosacral SCI and the controls. The rectal volume for sustained relaxation of the anal sphincter tone in lumbosacral SCI patients group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Independent-Samples t test: P<0.0001). The mean rectal volume to generate the first sensation was 92.7 ml+/-57.1 ml in SCI patients, 41.5 ml+/-13.4 ml in the control group (Independent-Samples t test: P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients with lumbosacral SCI show PFD during defecatory maneuvers and their rectal sensation functions are severely damaged. Some patients exhibit abnormal cough reflex. Anorectal manometry may be helpful to find the unidentified supraconal lesions. RAIR may be modulated by central nervous system (CNS).     

Anorectal functions in patients with lumbosacral spinal cord injury

Objective: To investigate the anorectal status in patients with lumbosacral spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: Twenty six patients (23 males, 3 females) with lumbosacral SCI and 13 normal volunteers were enrolled into this study as controls. The median age was 43.7 years (ranging 17-68 years) and the median time of patients since injury was 59.1 months (ranging 8 months-15 years). They were diagnosed as complete lumbosacral SCI (n=2, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score A), or incomplete lumbosacral SCI (n =24, ASIA score B-D) with mixed symptoms of constipation and/or fecal incontinence, and were studied by anorectal manometry. None of the patients had any medical treatments for neurogenic bowel prior to this study. Results: The maximum anal resting pressure in lumbosacral SCI patients group was slightly lower than that in control group (One-way ANOVA: P =0.939). During defecatory maneuvers, 23 of 26 (88. 5%) patients with lumbosacral SCI and 1 of 13 (7.7%) in the control group showed pelvic floor dysfunction ( PFD) ( Fisher' s exact test: P<0.0001). Rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) was identified in both patients with lumbosacral SCI and the controls. The rectal volume for sustained relaxation of the anal sphincter tone in lumbosacral SCI patients group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Independent-Samples t test: P <0.0001). The mean rectal volume to generate the first sensation was 92.7 ml±57.1 ml in SCI patients, 41. 5 ml±13. 4 ml in the control group (Independent-Samples t test: P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Most of the patients with lumbosacral SCI show PFD during defecatory maneuvers and their rectal sensation functions are severely damaged. Some patients exhibit abnormal cough reflex. Anorectal manometry may be helpful to find the unidentified supraconal lesions. RAIR may be modulated by central nervous system (CNS).     

低位直肠癌经内外括约肌间切除术后直肠肛管向量测压的研究

目的应用直肠肛管向量测压技术评估低位直肠癌经内外括约肌间切除术后肛门括约肌功能。方法对16例行经内外括约肌间切除术的低位直肠癌患者行直肠肛管向量测压,并选择同期30例直肠癌低位前切除术患者及30例肛门功能正常的健康人作为对照研究。结果根据临床症状将经内外括约肌间切除术后患者分为污便组和排便功能良好组,其肛管最大压力、向量容积及对称指数均显著低于正常对照组及低位前切除术对照组(P<0.001);污便组的最大收缩压、收缩向量容积及对称指数明显低于排便功能良好组(P<0.001);行经内外括约肌间切除术后25.0%(4/16)的患者出现直肠肛门抑制反射,明显低于行低位前切除术患者的93.3%(28/30),P<0.001。结论经内外括约肌间切除术后患者肛管最大压力及向量容积下降,肛门功能不如行低位前切除术者。直肠肛管向量测压技术是评估低位直肠癌患者行经内外括约肌间切除术后肛门括约肌功能较客观的方法。     

Electromyographic Lag Time and Opening Time: Two Novel Noninvasive Methods to Investigate Patients with Anal Outlet Obstruction and Their Response to Treatment

Methods in use can diagnose anal outlet obstruction but not degree of obstruction. We introduced two novel noninvasive methods of diagnosing and evaluating the degree of anal outlet obstruction: pelvic floor electromyographic lag time and opening time. Pelvic floor electromyographic lag time measured time interval between start of pelvic floor muscle relaxation and start of anal outlet flow. Opening time calculated time lapse between start of rectal contraction and start of anal outlet flow. We investigated the hypothesis that pelvic floor electromyographic lag time and opening time can be used as investigative tools in diagnosing and evaluating degree of anal outlet obstruction. Thirty-one patients with anal outlet obstruction and 26 healthy volunteers were studied. Electromyography of external anal sphincter and anal and rectal pressures were recorded on rectal balloon distension until balloon was expelled. Pelvic floor electromyographic lag time and opening time were measured. Mean opening time and pelvic floor electromyographic lag time of the anal outlet obstruction patients showed significant increase compared to those of healthy volunteers. Pelvic floor electromyographic lag time was longer than opening time in both patients and controls, but the difference was not significant. Biofeedback effected improvement in 24 of the 31 patients. Thus, two novel investigative tools—opening time and pelvic floor electromyographic lag time—in diagnosis of anal outlet obstruction are presented. They exhibited significant increase in anal outlet obstruction patients over the healthy volunteers. There was no significant difference between pelvic floor electromyographic lag time and opening time readings.