左胸前外侧小切口不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术26例

目的探讨左胸前外侧小切口不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术的效果.方法26例单支或2支血管病变经左胸前外侧小切口进胸,其中14例直视下游离乳内动脉,12例在胸腔镜辅助下游离,肝素化后切开心包,显露病变的靶血管,心脏跳动下行冠状动脉旁路移植术.结果26例手术顺利完成,22例旁路移植1支,4例旁路移植2支(1例行序贯吻合,3例桡动脉与乳内动脉行"Y"形吻合).术后无死亡及严重并发症.26例随访3个月～3年,平均16.8月,无心绞痛复发,心功能Ⅰ级18例,Ⅱ级8例.结论左前外侧小切口不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术主要适用于前降支单支病变者,对于合并高危因素,不宜行常规冠状动脉旁路移植的多支血管病变病人亦适用.     

降主动脉"Y"形血管桥在微创冠状动脉搭桥术中的应用

目的探讨降主动脉"Y"形血管桥在冠状动脉搭桥术的临床疗效和价值.方法对16例升主动脉增宽、钙化的冠心患者在胸腔镜下游离乳内动脉,小切口左侧开胸非体外循环下实施冠状动脉搭桥术,其中男11例,女5例.年龄51～75岁,平均(60.5±10.5)岁.均为多支冠状动脉病变.术中应用"Y"形血管桥与降主动脉端侧吻合.结果全组无死亡,术后机械辅助呼吸平均(8.7±6.5)h.ICU滞留时间平均(3.1±0.5)d.全组病例均未输血.术后随访1～17个月.所有患者心绞痛症状消失,活动量增加.结论采用降主动脉"Y"形血管桥供血可避免升主动脉壁损伤是实施冠状动脉搭桥术微创化的一种新术式,早期结果令人满意.     

胸降主动脉血管桥治疗冠心病的临床观察

目的探讨胸降主动脉血管桥治疗冠心病的科学性和有效性。方法对15例冠心病患者采用左胸小切口开胸非体外循环心脏不停跳实施冠状动脉搭桥术。术中联合应用降主动脉Y形血管桥吻合、胸腔镜辅助等微创技术。术中应用左乳内动脉15支、大隐静脉37支,平均(3.46±0.3)支。结果全组无死亡。术后机械辅助呼吸平均(6.9±0.9)h。平均ICU滞留时间(2.5±0.5)d。平均胸腔引流量为(280±85)ml,无须输血。术后1~14个月随访心脏超声、心电图,所有患者心绞痛症状消失,活动量增加,心功能改善。结论采用降主动脉经血管桥向心肌供血,血管桥行程短、可同时完成向多支目标血管供血,早期结果满意。     

二次冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床疗效

目的 评价二次冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床疗效.方法 51例病人(占医院同期进行冠状动脉旁路移植术病人的2.5%)进行二次冠状动脉旁路移植术,距首次手术(15.1±5.8)年.10例采用非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG),41例采用体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG).正中切口43例,左胸侧切口8例.结果 3例行CABG病人手术后呼吸衰竭,需呼吸机辅助.所有病人住ICU(2.2±0.7)天,住院(9.2±2.4)天.术后死亡2例(3.9%),采用OPCABG和CABG者各1例,死亡原因分别为急性心肌梗死、低心排血量综合征和呼吸功能衰竭、重症肺炎.完全再血管化44例,其中行OPCABG者6例,CABG者38例.部分再血管化7例,行OPCABG者4例,CABG者3例.结论 CABG和OPCABG行二次冠状动脉旁路移植术均安全,疗效满意,能达到完全再血管化的目的.     

胸主动脉瘤合并冠心病同期外科治疗(附15例报告)

目的 总结胸主动脉手术同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术的经验。方法1999年6月至2002年7月，胸主动脉瘤手术同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术15例，均为男性；年龄40～66岁，平均57．2岁；体重60～89kg，平均70．2kg。病种包括主动脉根部瘤5例、升主动脉瘤2例、弓部瘤3例、主动脉夹层5例。经胸骨正中切口在全麻低温体外循环下手术14例；左外侧切口非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植同期股股转流降主动脉置换术1例。结果术后早期30d内死亡1例，随访1～36个月，无远期死亡，无再次手术及冠心病相关事件发生。结论胸主动脉置换术与冠状动脉旁路移植术能够安全同期进行，同期冠心病的再血管化对预防冠心病相关事件的发生有积极作用。     

升主动脉粥样硬化患者的冠状动脉旁路移植

目的 总结冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病合并升主动脉粥样硬化患者冠状动脉旁路移植手术的特点。方法 22例患者中,13例采用非体外循环、心脏不停跳下冠状动脉旁路移植术(59％);9例采用低温体外循环(41％),其中5例在深低温、低流量并间断停循环条件下不阻断升主动脉行旁路-升主动脉近端吻合。结果 20例康复出院,术后早期死亡2例;并发症有肺部感染、心绞痛、室颤、急性心肌梗死和血胸,无神经系统并发症。结论 减少术中升主动脉操作是防止升主动脉损伤和减少并发症的关键。应用带蒂动脉旁路、旁路远端序贯吻合和近端Y形吻合可避免或减少旁路-升主动脉吻合;低温体外循环加左心室引流时,可不阻断升主动脉行旁路远端吻合;深低温、低流量并间断停循环下行旁路-升主动脉吻合,可避免阻断和部分阻断升主动脉,利于控制并发症。     

经左胸前外侧小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 评价经左胸前外侧小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床疗效及远期随访结果.方法 2002年1月至2006年10月,38例单支或多支冠状动脉病变患者经左胸前外侧小切口进胸,直视下或胸腔镜辅助下,完成非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术.其中男性25例.女性13例;年龄38～78岁,平均(63.3±11.1)岁.结果 38例手术均顺利完成.20例行单纯旁路移植1支;10例先行支架植入,后行胸廓内动脉至前降支端侧吻合,其中2例行胸廓内动脉与第一对角支、前降支序贯吻合;8例行旁路移植2支,其中3例为序贯吻合,5例应用桡动脉行"Y"形吻合.术后无死亡及严重并发症.37例患者获得26～82个月随访,平均(53.2±28.5)个月;无晚期死亡,无再发心肌梗死.心功能Ⅰ级26例,Ⅱ级12例.3例心绞痛复发,2例经药物控制后症状缓解,1例经造影证实吻合口狭窄于术后2年行支架植入.结论 左前外侧小切口非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术具有较低的病死率和心脏不良事件发生率,远期结果良好.     

70岁以上冠状动脉旁路移植术病人乳内动脉流量测量分析

目的 分析70岁以上冠状动脉旁路移植术病人乳内动脉旁路血管血流量的特点.方法 对2003年1月至2007年1月间78例70岁以上(含70岁)应用乳内动脉非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术(OPCAB)的病人,使用瞬时超声血流测量技术对其乳内动脉平均血流量、搏动指数等指标进行测量并分析.结果 78例病人83根乳内动脉旁路血管平均流量(36.0±21.5)ml/min,平均搏动指数3.50±1.76,血流波形均以舒张期为主.男女性别比、平均流量和搏动指数差异无统计学意义[(39.0±23.1) ml/min对(28.0±14.7) ml/min;(3.30±1.50)对(4.10±2.22),P>0.05],但女病人平均流量较男病人偏低,搏动指数较男病人偏高.结论 70岁以上病人冠状动脉旁路移植术应用乳内动脉是安全、有效的;对老年病人乳内动脉流量的评价分析应当结合老年病人的病变特点.     

冠状动脉肌桥的外科治疗

目的探讨外科手术治疗冠状动脉肌桥(myocardial bridge,MB)的适应证、手术方法、安全性及手术效果等。方法症状性冠状动脉肌桥病人30例,均施行外科手术治疗。诊断明确后首先给予药物治疗,症状控制不佳者选择外科手术。外科手术方式包括冠状动脉旁路移植术和肌桥松解术,行微创左胸小切口非体外循环下肌桥松解术5例,行冠状动脉旁路移植术25例,其中20例行胸腔镜下微创非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术。结果全组无死亡病例, 30例病人术后胸痛、胸闷症状均有改善,无严重并发症。术后随访1～60个月,无严重心绞痛发生,无心肌梗死、死亡病例,无再次手术病例。结论外科手术治疗药物不能控制症状的冠状动脉肌桥效果较好,其安全性高、近中期疗效可靠。     

经左胸后外侧切口进行非体外循环下二次冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床运用

目的总结经左胸后外侧切口实施二次冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床应用与特点。方法我院自2014年7月～2016年3月共实施经左胸后外侧切口实施二次冠状动脉旁路移植术2例,使用普通肋骨撑开器,经左第五肋间进胸。从心尖部逐渐向心包内游离,分离原有初次手术造成的粘连面。合理暴露靶血管并判断选取远端吻合区域,使用大隐静脉或者小隐静脉作为血管桥,游离下肺韧带,侧壁钳夹取降主动脉为近端吻合口,从而进行二次冠脉血运重建。结果 2例均成功实施非体外循环心脏跳动下的冠状动脉旁路移植术,远端吻合口2～3个,平均手术时间182分钟。无住院死亡病例。目前随访尚无死亡及并发症报道。结论经左胸后外侧切口实施二次冠状动脉旁路移植术对某些二次开胸的冠心病病人是安全实用的选择,非体外循环方式下进行此类手术是可行的。     

Left thoracotomy approach in reoperative off-pump coronary revascularization

Objective: Reoperative coronary bypass grafting is at high risk. Particularly in redo cases where the patent graft is running near the midline of the sternum, the graft may be exposed to injury by a median sternotomy and subsequent dissection. Whereas, off-pump bypass grafting from the left axillary artery or descending thoracic artery by a left thoracotomy approach is safe for preventing graft damage.Methods: From March 1998 to February 2002, we performed off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting by a left thoracotomy approach in 9 patients. The left axillary artery was used as the inflow vessel in 4 cases, and the descending thoracic, aorta in 5.Results: The radial artery was anastomosed proximally to the axillary artery in 4 cases and the descending thoracic aorta in one case. The saphenous vein graft was anastomosed, proximally to the descending thoracic aorta in 4 cases. Transdiaphragmatic minimally invasive bypass grafting for the right coronary artery was simultaneously performed in 3 cases. Postoperative cardiac events were ventricular arrhythmia in 6 cases and supraventricular arrhythmia in 3 cases. There was no damage to the patent grafts. Postoperative coronary angiography performed, in 8 cases revealed all the grafts to be patent without stenosis. Cardiac symptoms were not found after the operation in any of the cases.Conclusions: These procedures can prevent the injury to patent grafts caused by a median sternotomy, and will be one of the useful strategies for reoperative off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.     

A simple distal coronary perfusion technique in off-pump coronary artery bypass.

This communication describes the surgical technique and clinical outcomes of a simple coronary perfusion technique for use during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. An intra-coronary shunt tube connected to the graft conduit (saphenous vein or radial artery) with an arterial blood source (ascending aorta or right internal thoracic artery) was inserted distally via a coronary arteriotomy for temporary perfusion of six left anterior descending arteries and two right coronary arteries.     

非体外循环下双侧乳内动脉Y型桥的冠状动脉旁路移植术125例

目的总结非体外循环下采用双侧乳内动脉Y型桥进行完全心肌血运重建的冠状动脉旁路移植手术125例的近期疗效。方法2002年10月至2005年12月,完成125例不停跳非体外循环下双侧乳内动脉Y型桥的冠状动脉旁路移植手术,术中采用带蒂半骨骼化的方法分别取材左、右侧的乳内动脉,将左、右乳内动脉端侧吻合成Y型桥;在非体外循环下,应用序贯吻合的方法进行冠状动脉搭桥手术。结果全组125例患者共搭桥413支,平均搭桥支数3．3支／例。术中流量测定桥血管均通畅。全组患者无围手术期死亡。结论非体外循环下双乳内动脉Y型桥的冠状动脉旁路移植手术是安全、有效的方法,可以实现全动脉化的完全心肌血运重建,又避免手术中对升主动脉的操作,近期效果满意。     

Mini-sternotomy for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

The number of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting procedures without cardiopulmonary bypass is steadily increasing. We report on a new, minimally invasive surgical approach for off-pump coronary revascularization in multivessel disease. A distal sternotomy is performed to gain access to the left and right internal thoracic arteries and to reach the left anterior descending coronary artery, diagonal branches, and right coronary artery for off-pump revascularization.     

Clinical and six-month angiographic evaluation of coronary arterial graft interrupted anastomoses by use of a self-closing clip device: a multicenter prospective clinical trial

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a self-closing surgical clip with an interrupted technique in left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Eighty-two patients were enrolled and treated (February 2000 through August 2001) in a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter trial. Left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending artery anastomoses were performed in 60 off-pump coronary artery bypasses (73%), 12 conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (15%), and 10 minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (12%) procedures. Angiograms (64 to 383 days, mean 200 days) were obtained on 63 patients (77%). Qualitative and quantitative angiographic assessment was performed by an independent core laboratory. RESULTS: The self-closing surgical clip was used for 82 left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending artery interrupted anastomoses without the requirement for knot tying or primary suture management. Minimum left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending artery anastomosis time was 3 minutes. There was one perioperative and one late death (both not heart related) and one reexploration for bleeding unrelated to the anastomotic site. FitzGibbon grades were as follows: A (n = 60, 95.2%), B (n = 3, 4.8%) including one kinked left internal thoracic artery, and O (n = 0, 0%). Quantitative analysis (n = 57) showed mean lumen diameters of left internal thoracic artery proximal to the anastomosis of 2.1 mm, at anastomosis of 2.0 mm, and in the left anterior descending artery distal to the anastomosis of 1.9 mm. The average ratio of the anastomosis to the left anterior descending artery diameter was 1.14 (0.45 to 1.93). Anastomotic stenosis as a percentage of average left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending artery diameter was -2.3%, comparing favorably with results (23% to 24%) reported from the Patency, Outcomes, Economics, Minimally invasive direct coronary artery (POEM) bypass study. CONCLUSIONS: The interrupted technique, facilitated by a self-closing anastomotic clip, yields favorable 6-month angiographic results when compared with other published studies.     

Reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting using a minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass procedure

OBJECTIVE: Reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass tends to cause a higher mortality and morbidity than the primary operation. The purpose of this study was to discuss the effectiveness and safety of a minimally invasive coronary artery bypass procedure for patients who had previously undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. METHODS: We performed redo single coronary artery bypass grafting to the left anterior descending coronary artery in 9 patients and to the right coronary artery in 3 patients using minimally invasive cardiac surgery. The graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery was taken from the left internal thoracic artery in 5 patients, the right gastroepiploic artery in 3 patients, and from the saphenous vein in the other 1 patient. The graft to the right coronary artery was from the right gastroepiploic artery in all 3 patients. RESULTS: All grafts were patent. There was no major postoperative complication and no surgical or hospital death except one late death. CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients, we could safely and completely perform coronary artery bypass re-grafting to the left descending coronary artery or right coronary artery using a minimally invasive operation.     

Reoperative off-pump coronary revascularization via left thoracotomy using the PAS-Port system to the descending thoracic aorta: report of a case

We performed redo-off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting( OPCAB) via a left thoracotomy using the PAS-Port system for proximal vein graft anastomoses in a patient with posterolateral myocardial ischemia. The patient was a 76-year-old man who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)[ left internal thoracic artery( LITA)-left anterior descending artery( LAD), saphenous vein graft(SVG)-posterior descending artery( 4PD), and SVG-postero-lateral branch( PL)] 14 years previously. Coronary angiogram showed that the LITA-LAD graft was patent but that the SVG-PL, left main trunk( LMT) and proximal right coronary artery(RCA) were occluded, and that there were 90% stenoses of LAD #7 and SVG-4PD anastomotic site. With catheter intervention therapy, stenosis of the SVG-#4PD was dilated. We then performed revascularization from the descending aorta to the second diagonal (D2) and PL with a saphenous vein graft via left thoracotomy using off-pump technique. To avoid descending aortic clamping, we used the PAS-Port system for proximal anastomosis. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 28. A redo-CABG is thought to be with high risk. Our procedure, however is safe and useful and can be an option for redo-CABG in the posterolateral area.     

Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting for the left anterior descending coronary artery.

OBJECTIVE: A single surgeon conducted One hundred and twelve patients underwent minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting for the left anterior descending coronary artery 112 patients at Yamato Seiwa Hospital from September 1996 until August 1999. METHODS: All procedures were performed via left anterior short thoracotomy using a stabilizer during graft anastomosis. RESULTS: No operative deaths occurred but 3 patients died while hospitalized due to noncardiac events. Graft occlusion was seen in 3 patients early postoperatively. Other angiography graft failure such as stenosis was seen in 11 patients. Occlusive lesions of other coronary arteries occurred in 77 patients (69%) and 53 patients underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty the pre/postoperatively for those lesions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting is seen by cardiologists as a reasonable form of revascularization in conditioned patients having left anterior descending artery lesion, and that minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting has a spectrum of candidates different from that of conventional surgical revascularization for the coronary artery.     

Intraoperative Angiography in Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Intraoperative angiography in minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass and in hybrid procedures is reported. Twelve procedures were performed in a specially designed surgical-radiologic suite with a cross-disciplinary organization. In 2 patients the anastomosis was successfully revised on the basis of angiographic findings. In 4 of the 12 patients anastomosis of the left internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending coronary artery performed as a minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting procedure was combined with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of lesions in other coronary vessels in the same session. Intraoperative angiography allows a reliable diagnosis of an anastomosis or graft failure and prompt and reliable correction, and it allows the combination of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting and angioplasty in one session.     

Anastomosis to the wrong vessel during off-pump bypass surgery via mini-thoracotomy

Recently, minimally invasive coronary artery bypass graft operation has been established as a new treatment strategy for cardiac surgeons. We report on a patient who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass graft operation through a mini-thoracotomy to the wrong coronary artery (first diagonal) with consecutive successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of the vessel involved (left anterior descending coronary artery) to demonstrate a special risk that is associated with this kind of operation.