Early changes of arginine vasopressin and angiotensin Ⅱ in patients with acute cerebral injury

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes and clinical significance of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin II (AT-II) in patients with acute moderate and severe cerebral injury. METHODS: The early plasma concentration was checked by radioimmunoassay in 47 cases of acute moderate and severe cerebral injury, 30 cases of non-cerebral injury and 30 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The early plasma concentrations of AVP (50.23 ng/L +/- 15.31 ng/L) and AT-II (248.18 ng/L +/- 82.47 ng/L) in cerebral injury group were higher than those in non-cerebral injury group (AVP for 30.91 ng/L +/- 11.48 ng/L and AT-II for 120.67 ng/L +/- 42.49 ng/L, P<0.01). The early plasma concentrations of AVP and AT-II in cerebral injury group were also obviously higher than those of the volunteers (AVP for 5.16 ng/L +/- 4.23 ng/L and AT-II for 43.11 ng/L +/- 16.39 ng /L, P<0.001). At the same time, the early plasma level of AVP (58.90 ng/L +/- 18.12 ng/L) and AT-II (292.13 ng/L +/- 101.17 ng/ L) was higher in severe cerebral injured patients than moderate cerebral injured ones (AVP for 36.68 ng/L +/- 12.16 ng/L and AT-II for 201.42 ng/L +/- 66.10 ng/L, P<0.01). The early level of AVP and AT-II was negatively related to the GCS scales in acute cerebral injury. The early plasma concentrations of AVP (45.98 ng/L +/- 13.48 ng/L) and AT-II (263. 28 ng/L +/- 80.23 ng/L) were lower in epidural hematoma group than those of subdural hematoma and cerebral injury group (AVP for 64.12 ng/L +/- 15.56 ng /L and AT-II for 319.82 ng/L +/- 108.11 ng/L, P<0. 01). CONCLUSIONS: AVP and AT-II may play an important role in pathophysiologic process in the secondary cerebral injury. The more severe the cerebral injury is, the higher the early level of AVP and AT-II will be. The early plasma level of AVP and AT-II may be one of the severity indexes of cerebral injury.     

Early changes of endothelin,nitric oxide and arginine—vasopressin in patients with acute cerebral injury

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early changes and clinical significance of plasma endothelin (ET), nitric oxide (NO) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in patients with acute moderate or severe cerebral injury. METHODS: The early (at 24 hours after injury) plasma concentrations of ET, NO and AVP were measured with radioimmunoassay and Green technique in 48 cases of acute moderate (GCS8 in 21 cases) cerebral injury (Group A), in 42 cases of non-cerebral injury (Group B) and in 38 normal individuals (Group C), respectively. RESULTS: The early plasma concentrations of ET (109.73 ng/L+/-12.61 ng/L), NO (92.82 micromol/L+/-18.21 micromol/L ) and AVP (49.78 ng/L+/-14.29 ng/L) in Group A were higher than those in Group B (67.90 ng/L+/-11.33 ng/L, 52.66 micromol/L+/-12.82 micromol/L and 29.93 ng/L+/-12.11 ng/L, respectively, P<0.01) and Group C (50.65 ng/L+/-17.12 ng/L, 36.12 micromol/L+/-2.16 micromol/L and 5.18 ng/L+/-4.18 ng/L, respectively, P<0.001 ). The amounts of ET, NO and AVP in patients with severe cerebral injury were 116.18 ng/L+/-18.12 ng/L, 108.19 micromol/L+/-13.28 micromol/L and 58.13 ng/L+/-16.78 ng/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the patients with moderate cerebral injury (92.33 ng/L+/-16.32 ng/L, 76.38 micromol/L+/-12.71 micromol/L and 36.18 ng/L+/-12.13 ng/L respectively, P<0.01 ). The early levels of ET, NO and AVP in Group A were negatively related to the GCS scales. The amounts of ET, NO and AVP were 126.23 ng/L+/-15.23 ng/L, 118.18 micromol/L+/-10.12 micromol/L and 63.49 ng/L+/-14.36 ng/L respectively in patients with subdural hematoma, which were significantly higher than those in patients with epidural hematoma (81.13 ng/L+/-12.37 ng/L, 68.02 micromol/L+/-13.18 micromol/L and 45.63 ng/L+/-12.41 ng/L respectively, P<0.01). The plasma concentrations of ET, NO and AVP in stable duration (at 336 hours after injury) in Group A and Group B were similar to those in Group C. CONCLUSIONS: ET, NO and AVP were related to the pathophysiological process that occurs in the early stage of acute cerebral injury and the values of ET, NO and AVP correlate positively with the clinical manifestations. The changes of plasma ET, NO and AVP can be regarded as important indices to assess the severity of acute cerebral injury.     

Changes of arginine vasopressin in elderly patients with acute traumatic cerebral injury

Argininevasopressinisnotonlyneuraltransmitterandneuroregulatorinthecentralnervoussystem ,butalsocirculatoryhormoneintheblood .Theyplayimportantrolesinthebalanceofbloodpressure,water,sodiumandelectrolytes,andthusinfluencepatients survival.ThechangesofAVPinelderlypatientswithacutetraumaticinjury (within 6hoursafterinjury)arestudiedinthisarticle.Thirtytraumaticpatientswithoutheadinjuryservedasthenon cerebralinjurygroupand3 0healthyvolunteersasthecontrolgroup .METHODSPatientsThedataof 3 2pati…     

Effect of AVP on brain edema following traumatic brain injury

Objective: To evaluate plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) level in patients with traumatic brain injury and investigate the role of AVP in the process of brain edema. Methods: A total of 30 patients with traumatic brain injury were involved in our study. They were divided into two groups by Glasgow Coma Scale: severe traumatic brain injury group (STBI, GCS≤8) and moderate traumatic brain injury group ( MTBI, GCS >8). Samples of venous blood were collected in the morning at rest from 15 healthy volunteers (control group) and within 24 h after traumatic brain injury from these patients for AVP determinations by radioimmunoassay. The severity and duration of the brain edema were estimated by head CT scan. Results: plasma AVP levels (ng/L) were (mean±SD): control, 3. 06±1. 49; MTBI, 38. 12±7. 25; and STBI, 66. 61±17. 10. The plasma level of AVP was significantly increased within 24 h after traumatic brain injury and followed by the reduction of GCS, suggesting the deterioration of cerebral injury (P<0. 01). And the AVP level was correlated with the severity (STBI r =0.919, P < 0.01; MTBI r = 0.724, P < 0.01) and the duration of brain edema (STBI r = 0. 790, P < 0. 01; MTBI r = 0. 712, P<0.01). Conclusions: The plasma AVP level is closely associated with the severity of traumatic brain injury. AVP may play an important role in pathogenesis of brain edema after traumatic brain injury.     

蛋白激酶C-alpha对小鼠尿浓缩功能的调节机制初探

目的通过观察蛋白激酶C(PKC)-alpha基因敲除鼠血清加压素(AVP)水平及髓内水通道蛋白2(AQP-2)分布、表达和转运状态的变化,初步探讨PKC-alpha在小鼠尿浓缩功能中的调节机制。方法使用代谢箱收集PKC-alpha基因敲除鼠及SV129野生鼠24 h尿液并取血,采用渗透计检测尿渗透浓度。ELISA法检测正常饮食下24 h尿尿素排泄量。放射性免疫法(RIA)检测血清AVP水平。免疫荧光及半定量免疫印迹技术检测小鼠内髓AQP-2的分布和表达情况。分别使用V2受体拮抗剂SR141263及不同浓度去氨基精加压素(DdAVP)腹腔内注射,检测3 h内尿渗透浓度、尿量以观察两组小鼠AQP-2转运状态。结果正常饮食下PKC- alpha基因敲除鼠24 h尿尿素排泄量[(3．25±0．18)mmol／24 h比(3．83±0．42)mmol／24 h,P= 0．24]以及血清AVP水平[(4．64±0．43)pmol／L比[(5．03±0．44)pmol／L,P=0．55]与野生鼠相比,差异均无统计学意义。两组小鼠内髓AQP-2的分布及表达相似(P=0．48)。不同浓度DdAVP腹腔注射后两组小鼠尿量变化曲线完全一致。SR141263腹腔注射后PKC-alpha基因敲除鼠及野生鼠尿渗透浓度改变之间差异也无统计学意义[(0．20±0．02)mmol／L比(0．20±0．04) mmol／L,P=0．97]。结论PKC-alpha参与调节的小鼠尿浓缩功能与血清AVP水平、髓内AQP-2状态无关。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

血管内皮生长因子在卵巢过度刺激综合征发病机理中的作用

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)大鼠模型发病机理中的作用。方法OHSS组、控制性超排卵(COH)组和对照组每组6只未成年雌性大鼠。采用酶联免疫吸附试验方法测定大鼠血清和腹腔冲洗液VEGF水平;免疫组织化学方法和逆转录聚合酶链反应技术检测卵巢组织VEGF蛋白及其mRNA的表达。结果OHSS组、COH组和对照组大鼠的血清VEGF水平分别为(76.17±18.19)、(50.68±12.83)和(53.68±13.09)ng/L;其中,OHSS组的VEGF水平显著高于COH组和对照组(P<0.05),而COH组和对照组比较无显著性差异。OHSS组、COH组和对照组大鼠腹腔冲洗液VEGF水平分别为(17.12±1.71)(、9.38±5.88)和(6.68±1.86)ng/L;其中,OHSS组的VEGF水平显著高于COH组和对照组(P<0.05),而COH组和对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。OHSS组大鼠卵巢组织VEGF蛋白表达的平均灰度(97.23±7.26)显著高于对照组(78.55±8.48)和COH组(87.35±7.32)(P<0.05);COH组与对照组比较无显著性差异。OHSS组大鼠卵巢组织VEGF mRNA表达的灰度比(1.23±0.23)显著高于对照组(0.68±0.13)和COH组(0.92±0.07)(P<0.01),COH组也显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论VEGF在OHSS发病过程中发挥作用。     

严重烧伤患者休克期降钙素基因相关肽及神经肽Y的变化对心脏功能的影响

目的研究严重烧伤患者休克期降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、神经肽Y(NPY)的变化对心脏功能的影响。方法将60例严重烧伤(烧伤总面积32％-96％TBSA)患者设为试验组,常规进行休克期液体复苏和创面处理;另选60例健康志愿者作为对照组。检测试验组患者伤后1、3、6、12、24、48 h和对照组人员血液中CGRP、NPY、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)的含量,并对其进行相关性分析。结果伤后3 h试验组患者CGRP水平为(28±6)ng／L,较对照组(55±7)ng／L降低,12 h达低谷(15±4)ng／L,伤后48 h仍低于对照组(P<0．05)。伤后1h试验组NPY、cTnT值[(136±20) ng／L、(0．41±0．08)μg/L]较对照组[(86±13)g／L、(0.16±0．06)／μg／L]升高,12 h达峰值[(189±31)ng／L、(1．78±0．47)μg／L],48 h仍高于对照组(P<0．05)。CGRP与cTnT变化呈显著负相关(r=-0.76,P<0．01);NPY与cTnT变化呈显著正相关(r=0．79,P<0．01)。结论血液中CGRP值降低、NPY值升高在严重烧伤休克期心肌损害中可能起着重要作用。     

重型颅脑外伤患者术后早期营养支持策略的选择与疗效分析

目的 研究三种不同早期营养支持方案下重型颅脑外伤患者术后营养状况及短期预后的差异.方法 回顾性分析2014年7月-2016年7月苏北人民医院神经外科重症监护室收治的60例重型颅脑外伤术后患者,依据不同营养支持方案分为早期联合营养组、早期肠内营养组和早期肠外营养组.记录三组患者治疗前的基础临床特征、治疗后两周内的营养数据以及神经外科重症监护室住院时间、并发症情况和GCS评分.结果 早期营养支持中,早期联合营养组患者空腹血糖、血清前白蛋白、血清总蛋白、全血血红蛋白、C-反应蛋白分别为(5.74±0.64)mmol/L、(203.80±10.45) mg/L、(61.99±1.34) g/L、(114.53 ± 2.69) g/L、(0.37±0.06) mg/dl,以上数据改善情况均优于早期肠内营养组及早期肠外营养组.早期联合营养组神经外科重症监护室住院时间(11.6±0.42)d明显低于早期肠内营养组(13.20±0.42)d及早期肠外营养组(14.65±0.42)d.早期联合营养组并发症发病率最低.早期联合营养组GCS评分(11.40±1.60)分改善最显著,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 重型颅脑外伤术后早期施行肠内外联合营养治疗能显著促进患者营养指标提升,同时降低并发症发病率,缩短神经外科重症监护室住院时间,减轻昏迷程度,值得临床推广.     

大黄对烫伤大鼠胃肠激素变化的影响

目的 了解严重烫伤大鼠早期血浆巾胃肠激素的变化及大黄对胃肠激素水平的影响.方法 88只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(8只)、烫伤对照组(40只,Ⅲ度烫伤后管饲蒸馏水)、烫伤治疗组(40只,Ⅲ度烫伤后管饲大黄水提液).于烫伤后6、12、24、48、72 h取大鼠腹腔静脉血,用放射免疫法检测血浆胃动素(MTL)、P物质、血管活性肽(VIP)、生长抑素(ss)的含量. 结果 (1)正常对照组大鼠MTL和P物质分别为(198±28)、(61±10)ng/L;烫伤对照组明显下降,最低值分别为(110±15)、(30±5)ng/L,而后缓慢上升,72 h达高峰,但仍未恢复正常(P<0.05);烫伤治疗组MTL和P物质下降趋势明显变缓,各时相点均高于烫伤对照组,伤后48 h已达正常水平,72 h分别为(232±32)、(73±11)ng/L,明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05).(2)止常对照组大鼠VIP和SS分别为(35±6)、(30±5)ng/L;烫伤对照组旱明显上升趋势,伤后6 h分别为(70±12)、(49±9)ng/L(P<0.01),而后缓慢下降但72 h时仍高于正常水平(P<0.05);烫伤治疗组VIP和SS上升趋势幅度较小,各时相点均低于烫伤对照组,48 h恢复至正常水平;VIP达最高值的时间推迟至伤后12 h. 结论 大黄对严重烫伤大鼠早期血浆中胃肠激素的分泌和释放有明显的调控作用.     

Worsening severity of vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased length of stay, surgical intensive care unit cost, and mortality rate in surgical intensive care unit patients

Background>Vitamin D deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the United States. It is seldom measured or recognized, and rarely is treated, particularly in critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and impact of vitamin D deficiency in surgical intensive care unit patients. We hypothesized that severe vitamin D deficiency increases the length of stay, mortality rate, and cost in critically ill patients admitted to surgical intensive care units.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational study of vitamin D status on 258 consecutive patients admitted to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit at Grady Memorial Hospital between August 2009 and January 2010. Vitamin D levels (25 [OH]2 vitamin-D3) were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as follows: severe deficiency was categorized as less than 13 ng/mL; moderate deficiency was categorized as 14 to 26 ng/mL; mild deficiency was categorized as 27 to 39 ng/mL; and normal levels were categorized as greater than 40 ng/mL.ResultsOf the 258 patients evaluated, 70.2% (181) were men, and 29.8% (77) were women; 57.6% (148) were African American and 32.4% (109) were Caucasian. A total of 138 (53.5%) patients had severe vitamin D deficiency, 96 (37.2%) had moderate deficiency, 18 (7.0%) had mild deficiency, and 3 (1.2%) of the patients had normal vitamin D levels. The mean length of stay in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit for the severe vitamin D–deficient group was 13.33 ± 19.5 days versus 7.29 ± 15.3 days and 5.17 ± 6.5 days for the moderate and mild vitamin D-deficient groups, respectively, which was clinically significant (P = .002). The mean treatment cost during the patient stay in the surgical intensive care unit was $51,413.33 ± $75,123.00 for the severe vitamin D–deficient group, $28,123.65 ± $59,752.00 for the moderate group, and $20,414.11 ± $25,714.30 for the mild vitamin D–deficient group, which also was clinically significant (P = .027). More importantly, the mortality rate for the severe vitamin D–deficient group was 17 (12.3%) versus 11 (11.5%) in the moderate group (P = .125). Because no deaths occurred in the mildly or normal vitamin D–deficient groups, we compared the mortality rate between severe/moderate and mild/normal vitamin D groups (P = .047).ConclusionsIn univariate analysis, severe and moderate vitamin D deficiency was related inversely to the length of stay in the surgical intensive care unit (r = .194; P = .001), related inversely to surgical intensive care unit treatment cost (r = .194; P = .001) and mortality (r = .125; P = .023), compared with the mild vitamin D–deficient group, after adjusting for age, sex, race, and comorbidities (myocardial infarctions, acute renal failure, and pneumonia); the length of stay, surgical intensive care unit cost, and mortality remained significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency.     

胎盘生长因子在冠状动脉血运重建中的意义

目的 探讨胎盘生长因子(placental growth factor, PlGF)在冠状动脉血运重建中的意义.方法 2006年5月-2007年3月,对61例以胸痛为主要表现的患者行冠状动脉造影检查,记录Gensini冠脉病变积分.其中男53例,女8例;平均年龄61岁.对冠脉病变严重的26例患者行经皮经腔冠状动脉成型术(percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, PTCA)及支架置入术,术后观察不良心血管事件发生情况.另取28例健康志愿者作为对照组,所有观察对象均抽静脉血测定血浆PlGF水平.结果 根据冠状动脉造影结果,胸痛患者可分为冠心病组(n=45)与非冠心病组(n=16).冠心病组血浆PlGF水平为(10.70±0.49)ng/L,明显高于非冠心病组(4.53±0.64)ng/L和对照组(3.64±0.36)ng/L,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001),非冠心病组与对照组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).相关分析显示,血浆PlGF水平与Gensini冠状动脉病变积分成强正相关(r=0.918,P<0.01).PTCA及支架置入患者术后30d随访,4例发生不良心血管事件,其PlGF水平为(13.98±3.39)ng/L,明显高于未发生心血管事件的患者(7.25±2.96)ng/L,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 检测血浆PlGF水平在不明原因胸痛的鉴别诊断中具有一定意义,有助于冠心病的早期诊断;血浆PlGF水平越高,提示冠状动脉病变程度越严重;血浆PlGF水平对冠状动脉血运重建术后不良心血管事件的发生有潜在预测价值.     

颈椎退变对外伤性颈髓损伤的影响

目的:探讨颈椎退变因素对外伤性颈髓损伤的影响。方法:选择2009年1月到2010年12月手术治疗的24例无明显骨折脱位的颈髓外伤患者进行回顾性分析,其中男16例,女8例;年龄46～70岁,平均59.1岁。根据术前颈椎退变程度将其分为轻度退变组(6例),中度退变组(10例),重度退变组(8例)。用日本骨科学会JOA评分比较患者术前神经功能损伤及术后神经功能恢复情况;用SF-36量表测定及评价患者术前、术后生活质量。结果:24例患者均获随访,时间4～16个月,平均12个月。轻、中、重度退变组术前JOA评分均值分别为12.1±1.5,10.3±1.8,7.3±1.0,术后3个月分别提高为16.3±1.0,15.3±1.4,13.0±2.3,JOA评分提示中远期神经功能改善率良好程度依次为轻度退变组(85.7%)>中度退变组(74.6%)>重度退变组(58.8%);SF-36量表8个维度测定提示术前生活质量良好程度依次轻度退变组>中度退变组>重度退变组,术后3个月生活质量良好程度依次为轻度退变组>中度退变组>重度退变组,两两间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:颈椎退变是外伤性颈髓损伤的重要病理基础和危险因素,退变的严重程度直接影响患者神经功能损伤程度及预后,两者关系在临床上应当引起足够的重视。     

The utility of noninvasive serologic markers in the management of early allograft rejection in liver transplantation recipients.

BACKGROUND: Early allograft rejection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) currently requires a biopsy for diagnosis. Alpha-glutathione S-transferase (alpha-GST) and Pi-glutathione S-transferase (Pi-GST) are potential noninvasive markers of hepatocyte and biliary epithelial cell injury. Our aim was to determine the utility of noninvasive serologic markers in the management of early hepatic allograft rejection. METHODS: Forty-four of 52 consecutive adult patients undergoing primary OLT at the University of Florida were included in the study. All had protocol liver biopsies between days 6 and 8 after OLT. Serum alpha-GST and plasma Pi-GST were determined using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay (Biotrin International, Dublin, Ireland). All biopsy specimens were retrospectively reviewed and scored for rejection and cholestasis. RESULTS: The biopsy specimens were scored for rejection as moderate to severe in 14 patients (group 1) or none to mild in 30 patients (group 2). Group 1 had statistically higher mean levels than group 2 for alpha-GST on days 6, 7, and 9; alanine aminotransferase on days 6 and 9; aspartate aminotransferase (AST) on days 6 and 7; alkaline phosphate (AP) on days 3 through 7, 9, and 10; and gamma-glutamyl transferase on day 3. No differences between groups were seen with Pi-GST or total bilirubin. Between days 6 and 8, the following values were found more frequently in group 1 than group 2: alpha-GST level >15 ng/ml (11/14 vs. 14/30; P<0.01); AST >100 U/L (8/14 vs. 2/30; P=0.002); and AP >120 U/L (14/14 vs. 17/30). Combining AP with either alpha-GST or AST led to improved detection of rejection over any single marker alone. In the first week after the initiation of rejection treatment, alpha-GST was the only marker that accurately predicted response. CONCLUSION: Serum alpha-GST may be useful in the management of early hepatic allograft rejection. A combination of noninvasive markers may be beneficial to diagnose early hepatic allograft rejection.     

Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Prostacyclin on Plasma Catecholamines, Angiotensin II and Arginine-Vasopressin

Infusion of prostacyclin during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) reduces platelet activation, diminishes postoperative blood loss and decreases arterial blood pressure. In spite of continuous prostacyclin infusion, there is a delayed gradual rise in arterial pressure and resistance from low initial levels. We measured epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), angiotensin II (ATII) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in plasma and carried out hemodynamic studies in 19 patients operated for coronary vascular disease. Eight patients served as a control group and were subjected to routine CPB. Eleven patients received prostacyclin 50 ng/kg/min during CPB. E and NE increased four- to sixfold during CPB from about 0.5 ng/ml (P less than 0.001). There was no difference between the groups. During CPB AVP increased sixfold from about 20 pg/ml in both groups (P less than 0.001), decreased early after CPB and increased again to high levels 3 h after CPB. The combined action of E, NE and AVP is of likely importance for the rise in systemic vascular resistance and/or need of vasodilation during CPB in the control group. ATII did not increase in the control group, but increased fourfold to about 20 pg/ml (P less than 0.01) during CPB in the prostacyclin group. The addition of AT II to E, NE and AVP seems responsible for the gradual return of arterial pressure and resistance during prostacyclin infusion. Postoperative hypertension and/or need of vasodilation 3 h after CPB was associated with high AVP levels in both groups. Hypotension caused by prostacyclin infusion did not increase E, NE or AVP above levels produced by CPB and moderate hypotension alone.     

血清25-羟基维生素D水平与肠道病毒71型手足口病患儿重症化的关联性

目的探讨血清25-羟基维生素D[25-(OH)D]水平与肠道病毒71型(EV71)手足口病(HFMD)患儿重症化的关联性。预测25-(OH)D在EV71型HFMD重症化中的临床应用价值。方法选取西安市儿童医院2017年1月至2018年12月收治住院的EV71型HFMD患儿共255例为病例组,根据《手足口病诊疗指南(2018年版)》分为普通型150例(普通组)和重型105例(重型组)。同时随机选择同期儿童保健科体检的健康儿童50例为对照组。采用化学发光法检测血清25-(OH)D水平。收集病例组临床资料,采用回顾性研究方法,设计统一的调查分析表,记录其可能影响因素的资料,对可能影响普通型HFMD转为重症HFMD的相关因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,探讨普通EV71型HFMD转为重症EV71型HFMD的危险因素及血清25-(OH)D水平与EV71型HFMD患儿重症化的关联性。结果病例组患儿与对照组25-(OH)D水平[(35.66±11.60)ng/ml vs.(49.63±8.86)ng/ml]差异有统计学意义(t=8.06、P<0.001)。单因素分析显示EV71型HFMD重症组与普通组患儿相比,WBC>15×10^9/L(χ^2=26.616、P<0.001)、血糖>8.3 mmol/L(χ^2=26.616、P<0.001)、血清25-(OH)D水平(t=5.551、P<0.001)差异均有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血糖>8.3 mmol/L(OR=2.682、P=0.028)、WBC>15×10^9/L(OR=2.090、P=0.019)、25-(OH)D<30.88 ng/ml(OR=3.792、P<0.001)均为重症发生的独立危险因素,差异均有统计学意义。结论25-(OH)D<30.88 ng/ml与EV71型HFMD严重程度密切相关,具有重要的预测价值,为EV71型HFMD感染重症化的预警因素。     

TNF-α抑制剂对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肾损伤的影响

目的：探讨肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）抑制剂对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）大鼠肾损伤的影响。方法：60只SD大鼠随机分成假手术组,SAP组,TNF-α抑制剂治疗组,每组20只。各组建模48 h后处死动物并收集标本,测血清淀粉酶,TNF-α,尿素氮和肌酐;应用TUNEL法检测肾细胞凋亡,计算凋亡指数（AI）;并用免疫组化法检测肾脏组织NF-κB的表达,RT-PCR检测ET-1 mRNA的表达。结果：假手术组的各项指标均低于SAP组和治疗组（P＜0.05）。SAP组TNF-α,血清淀粉酶,尿素氮,肌酐和NF-κB IOD水平分别为（185.36±10.95）ng/L,（7 257.30±361.20）U/L,（17.28±0.87）mmol/L,（78.83±3.02）μmol/L和316.25±20.90,治疗组以上指标分别为（124.32±15.11）ng/L,（6182.60±291.63）U/L,（13.66±0.88）mmol/L,（68.68±3.38）μmol/L和241.90±19.04,两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。SAP组AI为3.33±0.49,明显低于治疗组的7.04±0.41（P＜0.05）。SAP组中ET-1 mRNA水平明显高于治疗组和假手术组（P＜0.05）。结论：TNF-α抑制剂可促进大鼠肾脏细胞凋亡,减轻炎症反应对肾的损伤,改善肾脏功能。     

Failure of arginine-vasopressin and other pressor hormones to increase in severe recurrent dialysis hypotension

BACKGROUND.: Recurrent dialysis hypotension is common in long-term dialysispatients. Argininevasopressin (AVP) is a potent vasoconstrictorhormone, release of which is stimulated in hypotension. STUDY DESIGN.: We measured AVP as well as adrenaline and noradrenaline in 23patients with recurrent dialysis hypotension during severe symptomaticepisodes of dialysis hypotension (BP syst. < 70 mmHg). Wealso tested autonomic function (amyl nitrate inhalation, coldpressor test) during the interdialytic interval. RESULTS.: We observed that systolic blood pressure decreased from 127± 8 (at the end of the first hour of dialysis; takenas control state) to 64 ± 1 mmHg (symptomatic hypotension)in 23 patients. In six of the 23 patients hypotension was accompaniedby nausea, which is a known direct stimulus of AVP. In thesesix patients, plasma AVP showed a large increase; control state,6.2 ± 0.9; hypotension, 130.4 ± 51.1 pg/ml; P< 0.5). Of the remaining 17 patients without nausea, AVPfell moderately in nine and increased in eight. Taken together,this group of 17 hypotensive patients failed to show significantAVP stimulation: control state, 9.0 ± 1.4; hypotension,13.8 ± 3.8 pg/ml, NS). Adrenaline and noradrenaline didnot change during hypotension. During autonomic testing thepatients with recurrent dialysis hypotension (compared to healthycontrols) showed blunted baroreflex response (assessed by amylnitrate inhalation) but intact sympathetic outflow (assessedby cold pressor test). CONCLUSIONS.: The observations of AVP are taken as further evidence of defectsin the afferent rather than the efferent limb of autonomic reflexesin dialysis patients with recurrent dialysis hypotension.     

髋骨性关节炎滑膜组织中钙结合蛋白（S100A12）的表达及意义

目的观察髋骨性关节炎患者血液及滑膜组织中钙结合蛋白S100A12的表达,以探讨它在髋骨性关节炎致病过程中的作用,为揭示髋关节骨性关节炎发病机制提供理论和实验依据。方法收集行髋关节置换的27例髋骨性关节炎患者(OA组)与35例股骨颈骨折患者(对照组);对OA组患者的髋关节X片分析,根据Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)分级标准对患者进行分级;对两组患者静脉采血,术中取滑膜组织,采用ELISA法定量和免疫组化技术检测S100A12的表达,并采用IPP软件半定量分析免疫组化S100A12的表达量。结果 OA组的血清中S100A12水平(94.20±49.85)ng/m L显著高于对照组含量(25.32±16.87)ng/m L,有统计学差异(P0.01);滑膜组织OA组与对照组S100A12含量分别为(3.73±1.97)ng/mg总蛋白和(1.67±1.21)ng/mg总蛋白(P0.01),差异有统计学意义;免疫组化分析S100A12阳性反应在滑膜微血管内中性粒细胞胞浆中,以及部分滑膜细胞的胞浆内。OA组平均光密度MOD(0.21±0.06)较对照组MOD(0.13±0.05)有显著性差异(P0.01);OA组K-L分级4级患者的血清中S100A12水平(104.81±46.68)ng/m L显著高于3级血清含量(86.85±52.46)ng/m L,有统计学差异(P0.01)。4级患者滑膜组织含量(4.62±1.95)ng/mg总蛋白显著高于3级患者水平(3.13±1.82)ng/mg总蛋白(P0.01)。结论 S100A12在髋骨关节炎患者的滑膜组织表达量显著增加;S100A12的表达与患者髋骨关节炎严重程度相关;S100A12的检测有助于骨性关节炎的诊断,为临床治疗提供参考。     

脑缺血再灌注小鼠诱导免疫抑制与肺部感染易感性的关系

目的探讨脑缺血再灌注小鼠诱导免疫抑制与肺部感染易感性的关系。方法取32只体重20~25 g的C57BL/6J雄性小鼠,按随机数字法分为对照组(CON组)、肺部感染模拟组(SP组)、脑缺血再灌注组(MCAO组)、脑缺血再灌注后肺部感染模拟组(SAP组),每组各8只。通过线栓法建立MCAO模型及向气管内定量注入致病菌模拟肺部感染的发生。24 h后收集各组外周血及肺泡灌洗液(BAL)并检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)表达量,计算BAL、血标本、肺匀浆中的菌落计数(CFU);72 h后观察肺和脾组织的病理改变并统计肺组织病理评分、脾指数,计算MCAO组及SAP组脑梗死体积。组间比较采用t检验。结果SAP组外周血TNF-α、IFN-γ低于CON组[(87.20±4.37)ng/L比(112.96±9.91)ng/L、(86.71±11.25)ng/L比(126.42±14.61)ng/L,t=5.320、4.815,P<0.05],差异有统计学意义,而IL-10水平高于CON组[(192.36±20.23)ng/L比(148.85±22.35)ng/L,t=-3.227,P<0.05],差异有统计学意义;BAL中SAP组除TNF-α高于SP组[(47.13±3.84)ng/L比(64.31±11.25)ng/L,t=-3.236,P<0.05]外,其余炎性因子水平与CON及SP组差异无统计学意义。SAP组外周血、BAL及肺匀浆中的荷菌量明显高于SP组[(6.77±16.79)×10⁴CFU/ml比0 CFU/ml、(14.07±7.59)×10⁵CFU/ml比(7.69±14.74)×10⁴CFU/ml、(5.03±2.85)×10⁶CFU/ml比(9.76±9.24)×10⁴CFU/ml]。光镜下显示SAP组肺部炎症严重程度高于CON组,但低于SP组,与肺组织病理评分相一致(9.00±2.27比0.53±0.30、15.20±2.52比0.53±0.30,t=-8.264、3.203,P<0.05)。SAP组与MCAO组存在脾细胞凋亡现象,但两组的脑梗死体积比较差异无统计学意义[(35.80±11.74)%比(32.43±11.43)%,t=-0.435,P>0.05]。结论卒中诱导的免疫抑制增加发生肺部感染的易感性。