高血压患者血糖及血胰岛素水平的观察

对６９例高血压患者进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验、胰岛素和Ｃ肽释放试验，并与５５例血压正常者作比较。结果示高血压组空腹及服糖后各时相的血糖水平和糖代谢失常（ＤＭ＋ＩＧＴ）发生率、血清胰岛素水平及Ｃ肽水平都高于血压正常对照组。高血压患者血胰岛素水平增高而血糖水平未见相应降低，提示胰岛素抵抗的存在。     

正常高值血压患者血浆血管活性因子和抗氧化酶的变化及其意义

目的正常高值血压具有较高的发展成为高血压的危险性。本研究的目的是观察正常高值血压患者血浆中血管活性因子和抗氧化酶的变化,以探讨其在高血压治疗和预防方面的意义。方法根据JNC-7诊断标准筛选病例并分为三组：正常血压组（NT组）为74例正常血压健康人,男性38例,女性36例,平均年龄（47．15±7．77）岁;正常高值血压组（PH组）为51例正常高值血压患者,男性29例,女性22例,平均年龄（47．82±5．16）岁;高血压组（EH组）为71例原发性高血压患者,男性37例,女性34例,平均年龄（48．25±7．97）岁。抽取静脉血,离心后分别采用放免法和酶联免疫法测定血中的血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、内皮素（ET）、血管加压素（AVP）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）、一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）等含量。结果与NT组相比,EH组和PH组血中甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平明显升高（P〈0．05）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇在PH组中降低,EH组明显降低（P〈0．05）;AngⅡ、AVP和ET在EH组和PH组均增高（P〈0．05）;CGRP在PH组和EH组均下降（P〈0．05;P〉0．05）;NOS在三组之间无明显的差异;SOD在PH和EH组明显下降（P〈0．05;P〈0．01）而GPX明显增高（P〈0．05;P〈0．01）。结论PH患者血中脂类物质、血管活性物质、抗氧化酶出现了异常变化,这会增加患高血压的可能性。为尽可能减少和防止其进展为高血压,应该对PH患者进行相应的治疗和控制。     

高血压病前期及高血压病患者红细胞分布宽度的差异性分析

目的:探索红细胞分布宽度（red cell distribution width,RDW）在健康人群、高血压病前期患者及高血压病患者中是否存在差异。方法: 选择符合条件入选的患者,其中高血压病组80例,高血压病前期组82例,健康对照组85例。对3组人群的全部资料,包括性别,年龄、血压情况、RDW以及血生化情况进行统计学分析。结果: 健康对照组RDW为（13.0±1.0）%;高血压病前期组RDW为（15.0±0.8）%,显著高于健康对照组（P<0.05）;高血压病组RDW为（16.9±0.8）%,显著高于高血压病前期组以及健康对照组（均P<0.05）。这一差异不受吸烟,炎症状态、贫血以及肾功能的影响。结论: RDW与高血压病有相关性。     

Calcium channel blocking agents and albuminuria in diabetic and hypertensive patients. A pilot study

Diltiazem tends to decrease proteinuria in hypertensive diabetic subjects in comparison to amlodipine that does not modify it. Since estimated glomerular pressure is identical in amlodipine treated and diltiazem treated subjects, differences in albuminuria may be explained by different renal tubular reabsorption rates. OBJECTIVES: To compare plasma clearances (PC) of technetium labeled albumin (albumin-Tc99m) obtained by serial plasma measurements with PC obtained by urinary excretion measurements. Indirectly evaluate tubular reabsorption of albumin-Tc99m. Test the hypothesis that amlodipine decreases renal tubular reabsorption of albumin in diabetic hypertensive subjects. METHODS: Fourteen diabetic and hypertensive subjects (DH) (average plasma creatinine: 94 mmol/L) and 6 normal subjects (average plasma creatinine: 82 mmol/L) had previously been assessed for albumin-Tc99m PC. Eleven of these 14 DH subjects were then randomized to diltiazem 300 mg/daily (6 subjects) or amlodipine 10 mg/daily (5 subjects). Their glomerular filtration, glomerular pressure and albumin-Tc99m PC were then assessed on the 3rd, 6th, and 12th month of the study. RESULTS: Albumin-Tc99m PC obtained from serial blood draws: A decrease in PC between months 0 and 3 from 14 to 10.6 cc/min was observed in subjects treated with amlodipine but subjects on diltiazem showed PC stability (from 11.9 to 12 cm3/min). PC obtained from urinary excretion: Amlodipine and diltiazem treated subjects showed PC stability. Plasma volume in amlodipine treated subjects decreased from 156 to 127% and diltiazem treated subjects from 128 to 117%. CONCLUSION: A decrease in PC obtained with plasma measurements and stability of PC based on urinary excretion measurements tends to identify a decrease in plasma volume. A decrease in albumin-Tc99m tubular reabsorption was not observed. The estimate of albumin PC with Tc 99m labelled albumin measurements still needs to be validated.     

高血压患者血压水平与记忆障碍的相关性

目的探讨高血压患者的记忆功能障碍类型及高血压患者的收缩压、舒张压及脉压水平与记忆功能的相关性。方法收集唐山市工人医院不同分级高血压患者196例为观察组,应用英国Rivermead行为记忆测验第2版(RBMTⅡ,2003年)对其进行记忆功能测评。选取同期健康体检血压正常者65例为对照,同时测定血压参数。血压参数与记忆评分两因素之间进行线性相关分析;RBMTⅡ评分的影响因素用多元逐步回归分析。结果不同分级高血压患者的记忆障碍的发生率及程度随着血压水平的提高而加重(χ2=10.389,P<0.01)。3级高血压患者的RBMTⅡ评分与高血压1、2级患者比较,回忆姓名(1.59±1.59比2.64±1.58、2.05±1.51)、回忆被藏物品(2.33±0.95比3.58±0.66、3.16±0.98)、脸部再认(3.56±0.73比4.50±0.56、4.19±1.46)、路线延迟回忆(9.5±1.9比11.0±0、10.3±1.8)、定向单项评分(7.91±1.23比8.24±0.90、8.33±0.74)及总标准分(14.56±4.37比16.92±3.21、15.11±3.82)6项评分差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);随着收缩压水平及脉压水平的升高,高血压患者的RBMTⅡ评分呈下降趋势(收缩压:r=-0.306;脉压:r=-0.356;均P<0.01);舒张压水平与高血压患者的RBMTⅡ评分无相关性(r=0.093,P>0.05)。结论高血压患者的血压水平影响记忆功能,尤以脉压水平明显。高血压患者的记忆功能障碍以长时记忆功能损害为主。     

老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律控制情况及影响因素分析

目的观察治疗中的老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律的控制情况,并分析其影响因素。方法连续收集10年来曾在我科住院的老年高血压患者共638例。根据动态血压监测结果将血压昼夜节律分为杓型、非杓型、反杓型及超杓型,并通过非条件Logistic回归分析血压昼夜节律的影响因素。结果入选病例中,正常血压节律者占23.57%(151/638),异常血压节律者占76.43%(487/638);其中非杓型占48.43%,反杓型占26.49%,超杓型占1.41%。非条件Logistic回归结果提示,年龄≥80岁是异常血压节律的危险因素,而服用利尿剂则降低血压异常节律的危险(P<0.05)。性别、靶器官损害、糖尿病及其他降压药物对血压节律均无影响(P>0.05)。结论在老年高血压患者中应重视血压节律的监测。对异常血压昼夜节律的患者,选用利尿剂可能是较好的治疗措施之一。     

Effect of soy nuts on blood pressure and lipid levels in hypertensive, prehypertensive, and normotensive postmenopausal women

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies suggest a low incidence of cardiovascular disease in populations that consume dietary soy. For people aged 40 to 70 years, each increment of 20 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (BP) or 10 mm Hg in diastolic BP doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease for BPs of 115/75 to 185/115 mm Hg. METHODS: To determine the effect of soy nuts on systolic and diastolic BP and lipid levels, 60 healthy postmenopausal women were randomized in a crossover design to a Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet alone and a TLC diet of similar energy, fat, and protein content in which soy nuts (containing 25 g of soy protein and 101 mg of aglycone isoflavones) replaced 25 g of non-soy protein. Each diet was followed for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Compared with the TLC diet alone, the TLC diet plus soy nuts lowered systolic and diastolic BP 9.9% and 6.8%, respectively, in hypertensive women (systolic BP> or =140 mm Hg) and 5.2% and 2.9%, respectively, in normotensive women (systolic BP<120 mm Hg). Further subdivision of normotensive women revealed that systolic and diastolic BPs were lowered 5.5% and 2.7%, respectively, in prehypertensive women (systolic BP of 120-139 mm Hg) and 4.5% and 3.0%, respectively, in normotensive women. Soy nut supplementation lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels 11% and 8% (P = .04 for both), respectively, in hypertensive women but had no effect in normotensive women. CONCLUSIONS: Substituting soy nuts for nonsoy protein in a TLC diet improves BP and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in hypertensive women and BP in normotensive postmenopausal women. These findings may explain a cardioprotective effect of soy.     

血管紧张素-(1-7)对二肾一夹高血压大鼠血压及血管活性物质的影响

目的观察急性血管紧张素-(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)]干预后二肾一夹(2KlC)高血压大鼠血压的变化过程,以及Ang-(1-7)对血压相关血管活性物质的影响。方法建立2KlC高血压大鼠模型后2周,经颈内静脉予Ang-(1-7)短期干预,同时多导电生理仪记录有创颈动脉压演变。放免法测定血浆AngⅡ,酶法测定血清一氧化氮(NO)、氧自由基(O2-)浓度及血清总一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,酶免疫法测定血浆前列腺素E2(PGE2)。结果Ang-(1-7)可造成2KlC大鼠血压降低。与降低血压状态相伴随,血清NO及血浆PGE2浓度显著升高(P<0.01),血清O2-浓度显著降低(P<0.01),血浆AngⅡ水平及血清NOS、SOD活力未受Ang-(1-7)影响。结论在高肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)活性状态下,Ang-(1-7)降压机制与循环NO、PGE2浓度升高及O2-浓度降低有关。     

脑出血后高血压与病死率关系探讨

目的　探讨高血压脑出血的高血压与病死率的关系。方法　经头颅CT证实为高血压脑出血患者 138例 ,进行回顾性分析。结果　随着脑出血早期血压升高 ,脑出血病死率增加 ,血压≥ 2 30 / 130mmHg ,病死率为 39 7% ;≥ 2 2 0 / 12 0mmHg ,病死率为 31 8% ,>2 0 0 / 10 0mmHg ,病死率为 9 1% ;经降压治疗血压下降≥ 35 % ,病死率为 2 7 1% ,下降≤ 2 0 % ,病死率为 7 1%。结论　高血压脑出血后血压水平与病死率相关 ,血压越高 ,病死率越高 ;降压幅度过快过多 ,病死率亦增加。脑出血后血压升高 ,适当降压治疗 ,可望降低脑出血患者病死率     

Effects of insufficient sleep on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: A 24-h study

The influence of acute sleep deprivation during the first part of the night on 24-h blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was studied in 36 never-treated mild to moderate hypertensive patients. According to a crossover design, they were randomized to have either sleep deprivation or a full night’s sleep 1 week apart, during which they were monitored with ABPM. Urine samples for analysis of nocturnal urinary excretion of norepinephrine were collected. During the sleep-deprivation day, both mean 24-h blood pressure and mean 24-h heart rate were higher in comparison with those recorded during the routine workday, the difference being more pronounced during the nighttime (P < .01). Urinary excretion of norepinephrine showed a significant increase at night during sleep deprivation (P < .05). Blood pressure and heart rate significantly increased in the morning after a sleep-insufficient night (P < .05). These data suggest that lack of sleep in hypertensive patients may increase sympathetic nervous activity during the night and the following morning, leading to increased blood pressure and heart rate. This situation might represent an increased risk for both target organ damage and acute cardiovascular diseases.     

肾血管性与原发性高血压患者24h动态血压的比较

目的 比较肾血管性高血压(RVH)与原发性高血压(EH)患者24 h动态血压的差别.方法 应用动态血压监测仪观察51例RVH患者的24 h动态血压,并与年龄、性别与之相匹配的51例EH患者的24 h动态血压进行比较.结果 RVH组24 h、白天及夜间动态收缩压、舒张压及脉压均值都比EH组有不同程度的升高(P<0.05),尤以夜间收缩压升高明显;血压负荷增加明显,24 h收缩压、舒张压负荷分别达到58.96%和35.98%,而EH组血压负荷均在20.00%左右,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).EH组夜间血压下降率为10.36%,血压曲线呈勺型(60.8%的患者夜间血压下降率>10%);而RVH组夜间血压下降率为5.39%,血压曲线呈非勺型(仅有27.50%的患者夜间血压下降率>10%).结论 RVH患者动态血压均值、脉压和血压负荷明显增加,昼夜节律减弱.

Abstract：

Objective To compare 24 h ambulatory blood pressure changes between patients with renovascular hypertension and essential hypertension.Methods The 24 h ambulatory blood pressure of patients with age and gender matched renovascular hypertension (RVH, n=51) was compared with that of patients with essential hypertension (EH, n=51).Results The 24 h, daytime and nighttime systolic blood pressures(SBP),diastolic blood pressures(DBP) and pulse pressures (PP) in RVH were significantly higher than in EH (all P<0.05), especially the nocturnal SBP (P<0.05). The SBP and DBP loads in RVH were 58.96% and 35.98% respectively, while blood pressure loads were around 20.00% in EH (P<0.05). In patients with RVH, The nocturnal blood pressure fall was 5.39%, and only 27.50% patients were dippers, while the nocturnal blood pressure fall was 10.36% and 60.8% patients were dippers in EH.Conclusion RVH patients have higher dynamic BP, PP, BP loads and blunted diurnal rhythm compared to those with EH.     

Relations between vasoactive hormones and diastolic function in hypertensive uraemic patients

Background. Arterial hypertension is a significant risk factor for the high rate of cardiovascular disease in chronic uraemic (CU) patients. Any role that hypertension may play in CU patient outcomes assumes added significance. The elevation of some hormonal factors in early clinical stage could represent a valuable marker of cardiac disease in CU. Aim. This study first investigated the role of several hormones on cardiac diastolic properties in CU patients. Moreover, the study investigated the association of hypertension with both diastolic function and release of vasoactive hormones in CU patients. Results. We have reported that the early impairment of diastolic function is correlated with the elevation of both circulating plasma atrial natriuretic factor and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in hypertensive CU patients. Since the effect of ET-1 on diastolic function is still poorly understood, we have investigated also this issue. In eight additional patients with reduced E/A ratio, but without uraemia, hypertension or chronic heart failure, we have showed a high inverse correlation between the values of E/A ratio and ET-1 plasma concentrations. Conclusions. These results strongly suggest that the elevation in ET-1 levels was correlated with diastolic dysfunction in man. This phenomenon may have important pathophysiological implications suggesting the possibility of an early therapeutic approach in these patients.     

Does placebo lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients? A noninvasive chronobiological study

Placebo controlled trials have generally been used in order to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy of drugs. There is some evidence, though, that blood pressure might not be influenced by placebo. Non-invasive devices for automatic blood pressure monitoring are likely to provide a better assessment of blood pressure response to drugs, as well as to different physiologic and pathologic conditions, than the traditional sphygmomanometric devices. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of placebo on blood pressure recorded automatically and non-invasively. For this purpose, a chronobiologic approach to the collection, evaluation and interpretation of data seemed most appropriate. A group of 12 patients with a clinical diagnosis of essential hypertension underwent automatic blood pressure monitoring in hospital for 4 days. Measurements were taken every 15 min by an oscillometric instrument with an automatically inflated cuff. After a washout period during which the patients received no treatment, pressure recording was undertaken under basal conditions for 2 days. On the third and fourth days of study, the patients received 2 tablets of placebo, one at 10 a.m. and one at 10 p.m. In each patient a highly significant circadian rhythm was documented for systolic and diastolic pressure, both under basal conditions and during placebo administration. Blood pressure mesors were higher than reference standards and were not significantly affected by placebo. The circadian amplitudes and acrophases did not differ significantly before and during placebo. Our data indicate that automatically recorded blood pressure is not influenced by placebo.     

高血压患者血管活性物质水平变化及雷米普利干预的影响

目的 :本研究主要了解原发性高血压 (EH)不同时期血浆肾上腺髓质素N端 2 0肽 (PAMP)、内皮素 (ET)、血管紧张素Ⅱ (AⅡ )、肾上腺素 (E)和去甲肾上腺素 (NE)浓度变化及雷米普利对其影响。方法 :40例EH患者应用雷米普利治疗前后和 2 0例正常对照组检测上述血管活性物质水平 ,血浆PAMP、ET和AⅡ的放免活性用放射免疫法测定 ,血浆E和NE浓度用高压液相法测定。结果 :EH患者不同时期血浆PAMP、ET、AⅡ、E和NE水平均明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5～ <0 0 1) ;并随病期进展而增加(P均 <0 0 5 ) ;与平均动脉压 (MAP)均呈正相关 (r =0 431、0 82 1、0 76 2、0 46 7、0 473,P <0 0 5～ <0 0 0 1) ;PAMP与ET、AⅡ、E、NE水平亦有良好的相关性 (r =0 5 31、0 5 2 4、0 40 1、0 42 5 ,P <0 0 5～ <0 0 1) ;雷米普利治疗 4周 ,血压下降同时伴血浆血管活性物质浓度改变。结论 :高血压的发生和发展与上述缩血管活性物质水平变化有关 ;舒血管肽PAMP浓度升高是维持机体内环境稳定的一种代偿性保护机制 ;雷米普利在降压同时能改变其血管活性物质浓度水平     

血压正常高值者血压晨峰与冷加压试验的相关性

目的:探讨血压正常高值者血压晨峰现象与冷加压试验后血压变化的相关性。方法:将258例受试者按血压水平分为理想血压组、血压正常高值组和高血压病组。所有受试者均进行24小时动态血压监测及冷加压试验。结果:血压正常高值者清晨血压上长幅度为（27±9）mmHg,冷加压后0 s及60 s SBP增加幅度分别为(14±6)mmHg及(9±5)mmHg,晨峰及冷加压试验阳性发生率分别为45%及26%,低于高血压病组,但明显高于理想血压组（P<0.05）。血压晨峰、吸烟史、年龄及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇是影响0 s SBP增加幅度的主要因素;血压晨峰、年龄及空腹血糖是影响60 s SBP增加幅度的主要因素。结论:血压正常高值者清晨血压上升明显,冷加压后血压显著上升,冷加压后血压增幅与血压晨峰相关。     

血钙水平与老年高血压性脑出血血肿体积的关系研究

目的探讨血钙水平与老年高血压性脑出血患者血肿体积的关系。方法回顾性分析老年高血压性脑出血患者189例,根据入院时血钙水平分为对照组(2.1~2.7 mmol/L)142例和观察组(<2.1 mmol/L)47例,收集2组临床基线资料,采用格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)进行神经功能缺损评估,头颅CT检查血肿体积及位置,采用Spearman相关性分析血钙水平与血肿体积的关系。结果与对照组比较,观察组男性比例、血肿体积、脑叶出血以及血肿破入脑室发生率明显升高,GCS明显降低,差异有统计学意义[63.83%vs 50.70%,P=0.047;33.9(13.9,58.1)cm3 vs 21.7(9.7,47.9)cm^3,P=0.001;38.30%vs 31.69%,P=0.041;48.94%vs 32.39%,P=0.000;9.0(5.0,13.0)分vs 11.0(6.0,15.0)分,P=0.001]。Spearman相关性分析显示,脑出血患者入院时GCS评分与血肿体积呈正相关(r=0.421,P=0.000),血钙水平与血肿体积呈负相关(r=-0.112,P=0.001)。结论低血钙水平与高血压性脑出血血肿体积呈负相关,血钙水平可能反映老年高血压性脑出血血肿体积和病情危重程度。     

高血压病和糖尿病患者餐后状态血压及心率变化的研究

目的　研究高血压病 (EH)和 2型糖尿病 (DM)患者餐后状态血压和心率的变化特点。　方法　 187例患者 ,分 3组 :高血压病组 (EH,71例 ) ,2型糖尿病组 (DM,49例 )和 2型糖尿病伴高血压组 (DM EH,6 7例 )。观察各组 2 4h动态血压和心率 ,进标准定量饮食 ,分析进餐前后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)和心率的变化。　结果　 EH组和 DM EH组 2 4h平均收缩压 (2 4h ABPS)和2 4h平均舒张压 (2 4h ABPD)较 DM组明显增高 (P<0 .0 1) ,而 DM组和 DM EH组 2 4h平均心率较 EH组快 (P<0 .0 1) ;EH组在餐后 30 m in至 6 0 min的 SBP、DBP和心率较餐前对应时间点升高(P<0 .0 1) ,餐后 90 m in SBP、DBP和心率恢复至餐前水平。 DM组和 DM EH组在餐后 30 m in至90 min SBP、DBP和心率下降 (P<0 .0 1) ,餐后 12 0 min SBP、DBP和心率恢复至餐前水平。　结论　高血压病和 2型糖尿病患者餐后状态血压和心率的变化有不同的特点 ,表现为高血压病患者餐后血压升高和心率增快 ,而 2型糖尿病或伴高血压病的 2型糖尿病患者餐后血压和心率下降 ,且其血压和心率恢复至餐前水平较单纯高血压病患者慢。     

他汀类药物对高血压患者降压效应的Meta分析

目的 评价他汀类药物对高血压患者的降压效应.方法 在PubMed、Embase和Cochrane library中检索2012年12月31日之前的所有关于他汀类药物与高血压相关的随机对照试验,按照纳入与排除标准纳入合格文献,采用改良Jadad量表对纳入文献进行质量评价.两位作者独立从文本和表格中提取干预组和对照组治疗前后的收缩压和舒张压值及样本量.运用Review manager 5.0软件分析加权均数差及95%可信区间.结果 符合纳入标准的文献有33篇,共计2915例患者.与对照组相比,他汀类药物治疗组收缩压下降1.52 mmHg[95%可信区间（CI）：-2.35～-0.68,P=0.0004],舒张压下降1.02 mmHg（95%CI：-1.70～-0.34,P=0.003）.若基线血压≥140/90 mmHg,他汀类药物组收缩压下降 2.28 mmHg（95%CI：-3.57～-1.00,P=0.0005）,舒张压下降1.87 mmHg（95%CI：-3.12～-0.62,P=0.003）;基线收缩压＜140/90 mmHg,他汀类药物对血压的影响不明显（P均＞0.05）.在不同他汀类药物的亚组分析中,阿托伐他汀可使收缩压下降4.04 mmHg （95%CI：-6.43～-1.65,P=0.00009）,舒张压下降2.67 mmHg（95%CI：-4.32～-1.02,P=0.002）,其他他汀类药物对血压的影响不明显（P均＞0.05）.他汀类药物治疗（3～6）个月时降压效果最明显.结论 他汀类药物可降低高血压患者的收缩压和舒张压,且与基线血压相关,当基线血压高于140/90 mmHg时降压效应显著,以阿托伐他汀的降压效应最为明显,且治疗3～6个月时效果明显.