结直肠癌肝转移患者经微波消融联合肝动脉栓塞化疗的效果和肝功能变化情况

目的探讨微波消融术(MWA)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗结直肠癌肝转移中的临床疗效及其患者肝功能变化、生存情况以及生活质量评价。方法回顾性分析80例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床相关资料,其中有38例单独行肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗,为TACE组;其他42例行微波消融联合肝动脉栓塞化疗进行治疗,为MWA+TACE组。对2组的临床疗效、患者肝功能变化、生存情况以及生活质量评价数据进行整理分析。结果 TACE组和MWA+TACE组的临床有效率分别是39.5%和76.2%,MWA+TACE组患者的临床疗效显著优于TACE组患者(χ~2=11.098,P≈0.001)。2组患者的血清白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素含量等肝功能各项指标不存在统计学差异(P>0.05)。MWA+TACE组患者的2年、3年生存率显著高于TACE组(P<0.05)。在治疗6个月后,MWA+TACE组患者的生理状况、功能状况、情感状况、家庭/社会状况均显著高于TACE组患者(P<0.05);在总体评分上,MWA+TACE组患者显著优于TACE组(P<0.05)。结论微波消融联合肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗结肠癌肝转移有非常显著的效果,相对于单独化疗,能够延长患者的生存时间以及提高其生活质量,且对肝功能不会造成损害。     

Targeted Therapies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Assessment of Currently Available Data

Background.

Survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been significantly improved with the introduction of the monoclonal antibodies targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Novel molecular-targeted agents such as aflibercept and regorafenib have recently been approved. The aim of this review is to summarize and assess the effects of molecular agents in mCRC based on the available phase II and III trials, pooled analyses, and meta-analyses/systematic reviews.

Methods.

A systematic literature search was conducted using the meta-database of the German Institute of Medical Documentation and Information. Criteria of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network were used to assess the quality of the controlled trials and systematic reviews/meta-analyses.

Results.

Of the 806 retrieved records, 40 publications were included. For bevacizumab, efficacy in combination with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy in first- and subsequent-line settings has been shown. The benefit of continued VEGF targeting has also been demonstrated with aflibercept and regorafenib. Cetuximab is effective with fluoropyrimidine, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) in first-line settings and as a single agent in last-line settings. Efficacy for panitumumab has been shown with oxaliplatin with fluoropyrimidine in first-line settings, with FOLFIRI in second-line settings, and as monotherapy in last-line settings. Treatment of anti-EGFR antibodies is restricted to patients with tumors that do not harbor mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma and in neuroblastoma RAS.

Conclusion.

Among various therapeutic options, the future challenge will be a better selection of the population that will benefit the most from specific anti-VEGF or anti- EGFR treatment and a careful consideration of therapy sequence.     

Evaluation of Guideline Adherence in Colorectal Cancer Treatment in The Netherlands: A Survey Among Medical Oncologists by the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group

Background

Clinical guidelines are generated to preserve high-quality evidence-based care. Data on the implementation of guidelines into clinical practice are scarce, despite that guideline adherence prevents over- and undertreatment and correlates with survival. Therefore, we investigated guideline adherence for the systemic treatment in high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer and metastatic colorectal cancer.

乙型肝炎表面抗原、癌胚抗原与结直肠癌肝转移和预后的关系

目的 探讨HBsAg、CEA与结直肠癌肝转移和预后的关系。方法 回顾性分析2所医院1990年1月－1995年12月间收治的58 结直肠癌的病例资料，并对其HBsAg、CEA进行测定，分别观察它们与肝转移和预后的关系。结果 HBsAg阳性得肝转移率明显低于HBsAg阴性者（P＜0.05）；CEA阳性者与CEA阴性者的肝转移率无显著性差异（P＞0.05），但CEA阳性者的5年生存率（31.3%）明显低于CEA阴性者（84.2%）（P＜0.01）。结论 结直肠癌很少转移至感染乙型肝炎病毒的肝脏，CEA不能作为判断结直肠癌肝转移倾向的指标，但可以作为判断结直肠癌预后的指标之一。     

再次肝切除手术对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的临床疗效和生存情况的影响因素

目的 探讨再次肝切除手术对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的临床疗效和生存情况的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析94例结直肠癌肝转移复发患者临床相关资料,其中38例行再次肝切除术(观察组),其他56例进行内科化疗(对照组).结果 分别进行再次手术和化疗后,结直肠癌肝转移复发患者的1、3、5年生存率观察组为81.6%、52.6%和31.6%;对照组为62.5%、21.4%、7.1%,观察组患者生存率显著高于对照组(P<0.05).针对结直肠癌肝转移复发患者再次切除术的预后可能影响因素进行分析,其中癌直径大小、复发转移灶个数、切缘情况与患者5年生存率有关(P<0.05).术后并发症发生率为28.9%,均经过对症处理可耐受.结论 对于结直肠癌肝转移复发患者,再次肝切除术能提高远期疗效,对于癌直径较小、复发转移灶个数少、切缘阳性的患者效果更好.     

The Role of Systemic Therapy in Resectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

BackgroundDespite multiple randomized trials, the role of perioperative chemotherapy in colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) is still under debate. In this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA), we aim to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative systemic therapies for patients with CRLM.MethodsWe searched various databases for abstracts and full-text articles published from database inception through May 2021.We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the addition of perioperative (post, pre, or both) systemic therapies to surgery alone in patients with CRLM. The outcomes were compared according to the chemotherapy regimen using a random effects model. Outcomes of interest included disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsSeven RCTs with a total of 1504 patients with CRLM were included. Six studies included post-operative treatment and one evaluated perioperative (pre- and postoperative) therapy. Fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy was the most used systemic therapy. NMA showed benefit of adding perioperative therapy to surgery in terms of DFS (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.84). However, these findings did not translate into a statistically significant OS benefit (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.05). NMA did not show any advantage of one regimen over another including oxaliplatin or irinotecan.ConclusionsThis systematic review and NMA of 7 RCTs found that the addition of perioperative systemic treatment for resectable CRLM could improve disease-free survival but not overall survival. Based on the findings, addition of perioperative treatment in resectable CRLM should be individualized weighing the risks and benefits.

The role of perioperative chemotherapy in colorectal cancer liver metastasis is unclear. This review evaluates the efficacy of perioperative systemic therapies for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis.

Implications for PracticeThe role of adding systemic therapy to surgery in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases is unclear. In this network meta-analysis of 7 trials, we found that the addition of systemic therapy improves disease-free survival but not overall survival. Therefore, chemotherapy should not be uniformly recommended in this setting.     

Adoptive T-Cell Therapy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US. For the vast majority of patients with advanced CRC (ie, for those in whom metastatic tumors are unresectable), treatment is palliative and typically involves chemotherapy, biologic therapy, and/or immune checkpoint inhibition. In recent years, the use of adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT), leveraging the body’s own immune system to recognize and target cancer, has become increasingly popular. Unfortunately, while ACT has been successful in the treatment of hematological malignancies, it is less efficacious in advanced CRC due in part to a lack of productive immune infiltrate. This systematic review was conducted to summarize the current data for the efficacy and safety of ACT in advanced CRC. We report that ACT is well tolerated in patients with advanced CRC. Favorable survival estimates among patients with advanced CRC receiving ACT demonstrate promise for this novel treatment paradigm. However, additional stage I/II clinical trials are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of ACT in patients with CRC.