不同通气模式对老年患者腹腔镜结直肠手术呼吸参数的影响

目的观察小潮气量容量控制通气(VCV)联合呼气末正压通气(PEEP)和压力控制通气(PCV)联合PEEP对老年患者呼吸参数的影响。方法选择行腹腔镜直肠、乙状结肠手术患者51例,男25例,女26例,年龄65~80岁,BMI 18~30kg/m2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组:VP组(VCV+PEEP)和PP组(PCV+PEEP),每组25例。气腹期间VP组以VT6 ml/kg+5cmH2O PEEP模式通气,PP组将VT设为6 ml/kg通气3 min后切换为PCV并加用5cmH2O PEEP进行通气。记录气管插管VCV通气5min(T1)、建立人工气腹5 min(T2)、建立人工气腹35min(T3)、建立人工气腹65min(T4)、手术结束(T5)、拔管前(T6)时VT、动态肺顺应性(Cdyn)、RR、气道峰压(Ppeak)、气道平台压(Pplat)和PETCO2。记录T1、T3、T4和离开PACU(T7)时PaO2、PaCO2,并计算肺泡-动脉血氧分压差(PA-aDO2)、氧合指数(OI)、呼吸指数(RI);记录术后5d内肺部并发症(PPCs)情况。结果与VP组比较,T2-T4时PP组VT明显升高、Cdyn明显增大(P0.05),T3-T5时PP组RR明显减慢(P0.05),T2-T5时PP组Ppeak和Pplat明显降低(P0.05),T4时PP组PETCO2和PA-aDO2明显降低、PaO2明显升高、RI明显减小、OI明显增大(P0.05)。术后随访两组患者PPCs差异无统计学意义。结论PCV联合PEEP通气模式明显降低Ppeak和Pplat、增高VT和增大Cdyn,同时明显改善气腹65min时肺氧合功能,所以老年患者腹腔镜结直肠手术术中应优先考虑使用。     

压力控制容量保证通气模式在新生儿胸腔镜食管闭锁手术中的应用

目的 探讨在新生儿胸腔镜食管闭锁手术中应用压力控制容量保证通气(PCV-VG)模式的通气效果及应用安全性。方法 选择全麻下行胸腔镜食管闭锁手术新生儿36例,男22例,女14例,日龄1～4 d,体重1.4～4.5 kg, ASAⅢ或Ⅳ级。采用随机数字表法将新生儿分为两组：PCV-VG模式组(P组)和容量控制通气(VCV)模式组(V组),每组18例。麻醉成功后P组和V组分别使用PCV-VG模式和VCV模式。记录气管插管前、单肺通气前10 min、单肺通气后30 min、单肺通气结束后10 min的MAP、HR、SpO₂。记录单肺通气前10 min、单肺通气后30 min、单肺通气结束后10 min的气道平均压(Pmean)、气道峰压(Ppeak)、吸气平台压(Pplat)、肺动态顺应性(Cdyn)、P_ETCO₂、PaCO₂、PaO₂和pH。记录术后气管导管拔除时间和ICU停留时间。结果 与V组比较,单肺通气后30 min P组SpO₂、Cdyn、PaO     

Comparison of volume-controlled and pressure-controlled ventilation in steep Trendelenburg position for robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

Study Objective

To compare the effects of volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) on respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics in steep Trendelenburg position.

Design

Prospective, randomized clinical trial.

Setting

University hospital.

Patients

34 ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients undergoing RLRP.

Interventions

Patients were randomly allocated to either the VCV (n = 17) or the PCV group (n = 17). After induction of anesthesia, each patient's lungs were ventilated in constant-flow VCV mode with 50% O₂ and tidal volume of 8 mL/kg; a pulmonary artery catheter was then inserted. After establishment of 30° Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum, VCV mode was switched to PCV mode in the PCV group.

Measurements

Respiratory and hemodynamic variables were measured at baseline supine position (T1), post-Trendelenburg and pneumoperitoneum 60 minutes (T2) and 120 minutes (T3), and return to baseline after skin closure (T4).

Main Results

The PCV group had lower peak airway pressure (AP_peak) and greater dynamic compliance (C_dyn) than the VCV group at T2 and T3 (P < 0.05). However, no other variables differed between the groups. Pulmonary arterial pressure and central venous pressure increased at T2 and T3 (P < 0.05). Cardiac output and right ventricular ejection fraction were unchanged in both groups.

Conclusions

PCV offered greater C_dyn and lower AP_peak than VCV, but no advantages over VCV in respiratory mechanics or hemodynamics.     

不同通气模式对单肺通气影响的Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析的方法评价压力控制通气(pressure controlled ventilation,PCV)与容量控制通气(volume controlled ventilation,VCV)对术中单肺通气(one lung ventilation,OLV)患者呼吸力学及循环的影响. 方法 检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆,检索时间从建库至2016年2月.收集术中OLV使用PCV与VCV的临床随机对照试验(randomizedcontrolled trim,RCT).采用Cochrane协作网系统评价法评价纳入文献的质量,采用RevMan 5.0软件对收集的患者资料进行Meta分析评价. 结果 共纳入14项研究,包括964例患者,其中PCV组480例,VCV组484例.与VCV组比较:在开胸前双肺通气时(T1),PCV组气道平均压(mean airway pressure,Pmean)比值比(odds ratio,OR)[0R=-0.22,95％CI(-0.42,-0.01),P＜0.05]较低;OLV时(T2),PCV组气道峰压(peak airway pressure,Ppeak)[加权均数差(weighted mean difference,WMD)=-1.37,95％CI(-1.69,-1.05)]及气道平台压(pause pressure,Plateau)较低[WMD=-0.29,95％CI(-0.51,-0.07)],而PaO2高[WMD=0.52,95％CI(0.08,0.95)];关胸后双肺通气时(T3),PCV组Ppeak较低[WMD=-0.63,95％CI(-1.09,0.17)]. 结论 与VCV比较,OLV期间PCV可提供较低的气道压,可能是一种较好的通气模式.     

基于肺超声评分评估压力控制容量保证通气模式对腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者肺通气的影响

目的 探讨基于肺超声评分（LUS）评估压力控制容量保证通气（PCV-VG）模式与容量控制通气（VCV）模式对腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者通气功能及术后肺部并发症（PPCs）的影响。
方法 选择择期行腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者80例,男67例,女13例,年龄45～75岁,ASA Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组：VCV通气模式组（V组）和PCV-VG通气模式组（P组）,每组40例。所有患者常规麻醉诱导,采用保护性通气策略：VT 7 ml/kg,呼气末正压（PEEP）5 cmH₂O,FiO₂ 40%。采用床旁肺超声评估患者双侧肺部共12个区域的LUS。记录入室时（T0）、麻醉诱导气管插管后20 min（T1）、建立人工气腹后30 min（T2）、气管导管拔除后15 min（T5）的LUS评分。行血气分析记录PaO₂、PaCO₂。记录T1、T2、气腹后1 h（T3）、手术结束时（T4）的气道峰压（Ppeak）、平台压（Pplat）、气道平均压（Pmean）、动态肺顺应性（Cdyn）、VT。记录术后3、7 d内PPCs的发生情况。
结果 与T0时比较,T1、T2、T5时P组整体、前部、外侧、后部、左肺、右肺、上肺及下肺LUS明显降低（P＜0.05）;T2时V组整体及部分区域（后部、下肺及右肺）LUS明显降低,T5时V组整体及部分区域（外侧、下肺及左肺）LUS明显升高（P＜0.05）。与V组比较,T1、T2、T5时P组整体及各区域LUS评分均明显降低,PaO₂明显升高,T1、T5时PaCO₂明显降低,T1—T4时Ppeak明显降低,Pmean、Cdyn明显升高,T4时Pplat明显降低（P＜0.05）。术后3 d内P组PPCs发生率明显低于V组［4例（10%）vs 11例（28%）,P＜0.05］。
结论 LUS能够显示手术期间PCV-VG模式和VCV模式下肺通气的非均匀性和体位性变化。肺保护性通气策略下,PCV-VG模式明显改善了腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者术中肺通气及氧合功能。     

Effect of intraperitoneal bupivacaine on postoperative pain in laparoscopic bariatric surgeries

BackgroundPostoperative pain has many adverse effects and, if not properly controlled, it may lead to a wide range of complications. Opioids, as frequently used drugs for pain control, have some serious respiratory and gastrointestinal complications, especially in obese patients.ObjectivesIn this study, we planned to evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal bupivacaine lavage on postoperative pain in laparoscopic bariatric surgeries.SettingThe study was conducted in Firoozgar Hospital (affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences), Tehran, Iran.MethodsIn this clinical trial, 106 patients scheduled for laparoscopic bariatric surgery, randomly assigned to receive either intraperitoneal lavage with 50 mL of .2% bupivacaine or the same volume of normal saline during the operation. One-gram intravenous paracetamol was infused for all patients at the end of surgery, and all patients received intravenous paracetamol infusion for 1 day after surgery. Pain level, assessed by visual analog scale, was recorded at 1, 4, 8, and 24 hours after surgery. Total additive analgesics administered during the first day after surgery was also recorded.ResultsThe pain score during the first 24 hours after surgery decreased significantly in both groups, but comparing the groups showed that pain level at 1, 4, 8, and 24 hours after surgery in the bupivacaine group was significantly lower than the normal saline group (P < .05). Also, opioid consumption during 24 hours was significantly lower in the bupivacaine group (P < .001).ConclusionsIntraperitoneal lavage with bupivacaine is an effective approach to control postoperative pain in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.     

不同通气模式对腹腔镜肝切除术患者出血量和术后肝功能的影响

目的 探讨不同通气模式对腹腔镜肝切除术患者出血量和术后肝功能的影响。
方法 选择择期全麻下行腹腔镜肝切除术患者60例,男35例,女25例,年龄18～64岁,BMI 18.5～24.0 kg/m²,ASA Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组：压力控制通气（PCV）组和容量控制通气（VCV）组,每组30例。PCV组通过调整气道峰压,使术中VT达到理想体重×8 ml,同时调整RR维持P_ETCO₂ 35～45 mmHg;V组VT设定为理想体重×8 ml,同时调整RR维持P_ETCO₂ 35～45 mmHg。记录麻醉诱导后10 min（T₀）、气腹后10 min（T₁）、切肝前10 min（T₂）、切肝后10 min（T₃）、气腹结束后10 min（T₄）吸气峰压（Ppeak）、气道平均压（Pmean）、CVP、PaCO₂和氧合指数（PaO₂/FiO₂）。记录术中胶体液用量和出血量,术后24、48和72 h丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）以及腹腔引流量。
结果 与T₀时比较,T₁—T₃时两组Ppeak均明显升高（P＜0.05）;T₁—T₄时VCV组、T₃和T₄时PCV组CVP均明显升高（P＜0.05）。与VCV组比较,PCV组T₁、T₂时CVP明显降低（P＜0.05）,术中胶体液用量和出血量明显减少（P＜0.05）。两组术后24、48和72 h的ALT、AST和腹腔引流量差异无统计学意义。
结论 压力控制通气模式下腹腔镜肝切除术中患者出血量明显减少,可能与术中较低的气道峰压有关,但两种不同通气模式下患者术后肝功能损伤无明显差异。     

Preoperative thiamine deficiency in obese population undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery

BACKGROUND: Nutritional deficiencies are a recognized complication of bariatric surgery. Thiamine deficiency has been reported as a possible consequence of both restrictive and malabsorptive bariatric procedures. Most of the reported cases occurred after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery; fewer were described after biliopancreatic diversion, vertical banded gastroplasty, or duodenal switch. Adults who have a high carbohydrate intake derived mainly from refined sugars and milled rice are at greater risk of developing thiamine deficiency, because thiamine is absent from fats, oils, and refined sugars. Currently, no reports have evaluated the preoperative thiamine status of bariatric patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of thiamine deficiency in obese patients before bariatric surgery at our institution. METHODS: The medical records of consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic RYGB or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding at our institution between March 2003 and February 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were selected for this study on the basis of predetermined criteria. Preoperative thiamine levels were retrospectively recorded. Excluded from this study were patients who had been taking multivitamins or other nutritional supplements before surgical intervention, had a history of frequent alcohol consumption, any malabsorptive diseases, or previous restrictive-malabsorptive surgical interventions, such as RYGB, biliopancreatic diversion, or adjustable gastric banding, according to the initial evaluation and questionnaire. RESULTS: Of 437 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic RYGB or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, 303 were included in the study. Forty-seven patients (15.5%) presented with low preoperative thiamine levels. The mean age and body mass index of these patients was 46 years and 60 kg/m(2), respectively. Male patients presented with greater mean preoperative thiamine levels (3.2 microg /dL) than female patients (2.4 microg/dL). CONCLUSION: Obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery may have significant thiamine deficiency before surgery.     

The use of intraoperative bedside lung ultrasound in optimizing positive end expiratory pressure in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgeries

BackgroundAnesthetic management of patients with obesity undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgeries requires careful plan for intraoperative mechanical ventilation aiming to avoid lung atelectasis and/or overdistention. There are conflicting data on the optimum positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) during these surgeries. We hypothesized that lung ultrasound could be used for PEEP titration during laparoscopic surgery.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative individualized lung ultrasound-guided PEEP in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery on intraoperative partial arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) and early postoperative pulmonary complications.MethodsA randomized controlled trial included 40 adult patients with body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m² undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Patients were randomized into: control group (n = 20) who received PEEP 4 cm.H₂ O and ultrasound-guided group (n = 20) who received individualized lung ultrasound stepwise PEEP. All patients received volume-controlled ventilation with a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg of ideal weight and a fraction of inspired oxygen of .5.The primary outcome was the difference in partial arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) between the control group and the ultrasound-guided group. The secondary outcomes included the incidence of early postoperative pulmonary atelectasis, respiratory failure, bronchospasm, hypoxia or pneumothorax.SettingsGeneral surgery operating theatre at Cairo University hospitals.ResultsUltrasound-guided group showed higher PO₂ after PEEP optimization and postoperatively compared with control group (P = .005, and P = .01 respectively). Also, ultrasound-guided group showed no postoperative complications compared with control group that had 5 cases who developed postoperative pulmonary complications in the form of hypoxia and basal collapse in the first 24 hour postoperatively chest x ray (0% versus 25%, P = .047).ConclusionIn patients with obesity undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery, the use of lung ultrasound individualized stepwise PEEP approach improved oxygenation, compliance and reduced the incidence of postoperative pulmonary atelectasis and hypoxia without causing hemodynamic instability.     

Severe obesity and vitamin D deficiency treatment options before bariatric surgery: a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundObesity, which has various complications and co-morbidities, is an epidemic issue worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a well-known metabolic disorder among patients with severe obesity. While they are good candidates for bariatric surgery, this deficiency can affect the outcome of surgery negatively.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare 3 different VDD treatment strategies for use before bariatric surgery and compare serum vitamin D levels after 7 weeks.SettingsUniversity hospital, Isfahan, Iran.MethodsThis was a single-blinded, randomized clinical trial on 100 patients who were referred for bariatric surgery from 2016 to 2018. Vitamin D (VitD) level was checked before surgery for the patients included in the study, if their VitD level was <30 ng/mL. We rechecked their serum VitD in the 8^th week, after 7 weeks of treatment. The participants were randomly allocated into 3 groups: 33 patients were treated with 50,000 units VitD₃ capsules every week for 7 weeks; 33 patients were treated with a single dose of 300,000 units VitD₃ ampoule; and 34 patients were treated with a combination of a half of the injection dose, followed by the oral capsule for 4 weeks.ResultsNo case was lost during the follow-up time. No significant differences were found among the 3 groups in terms of their age (P = .654), body mass index (P = .434), sex (P = .799), initial 25(OH) VitD level (P = .273), and history of supplement use (P = .45). Mean serum VitD levels were 15.21, 13.16, and 13.37 ng/mL, respectively, before the surgery and reached 32.91, 24.74, and 29.49 ng/mL after 7 weeks of treatment in oral, injection, and combined groups, respectively. Finally, the 7-week oral treatment option had significantly higher levels of VitD (P value = .034).ConclusionVDD treatment with 50,000 units VitD₃ capsule every week for 7 weeks before bariatric surgery yields a higher level of VitD. Based on our findings, injectable supplements are not recommended for VDD treatment.     

Comparison of two low-molecular-weight heparin dosing regimens for patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery

Background  Venous thromboembolic events (VTE) are a morbidity and mortality concern for patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Although VTE prophylaxis is recommended in bariatric surgery, data with regard to monitoring and appropriate dosing of low-molecular-weight heparin are limited. Enoxaparin prophylactic doses ranging from 30 to 60 mg every 12 h have been used for this population. The authors hypothesized that higher prophylactic enoxaparin doses (60 mg) would yield more appropriate heparin antifactor Xa (anti-Xa) concentrations than the 40-mg dosage for bariatric surgery patients. Methods  Patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery by two surgeons during a 5-month period at one institution received enoxaprin 40 or 60 mg every 12 h. Anti-Xa levels were obtained 4 h after the first and third doses. Therapeutic levels were defined as 0.18 to 0.44 U/ml. Paired and unpaired t-tests and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis as appropriate. Results  The first-dose mean anti-Xa concentration was 0.173 U/ml in the 40-mg group and 0.261 U/ml in the 60-mg group (p < 0.005), compared with the third-dose mean anti-Xa levels of 0.21 and 0.43 U/ml, respectively (p < 0.001). After the third dose of enoxaparin, the percentage of patients with anti-Xa concentrations who remained subtherapeutic showed a statistically significant difference: 44% in the 40-mg group versus 0% in the 60-mg group (p = 0.02). However, no supratherapeutic anti-Xa concentrations were observed in the 40-mg group, whereas 57% of the third-dose levels in the 60-mg group were supratheraputic. The highest anti-Xa level was 0.54 U/ml, but none of the patients with this level experienced bleeding events. Conclusions  Enoxaparin 60-mg every 12 h was superior to a dosage of 40 mg every 12 h in achieving therapeutic anti-Xa concentrations and avoiding subtherapeutic anti-Xa levels. However, the 60-mg group had a number of supratherapeutic levels. Future studies evaluating the relationship of anti-Xa concentrations and outcomes with larger numbers of morbidly obese patients are needed. Presented at the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) 2008 annual meeting at Philadelphia, PA.     

Pulmonary recruitment maneuver reduces pain after laparoscopic bariatric surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Background

Pulmonary recruitment maneuver (PRM) at the end of laparoscopic gynecologic surgery has been shown to reduce postoperative pain. This prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial aimed to investigate postoperative pain (primary endpoint) and nausea when performing a ventilator-piloted PRM at the end of laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

The impact of laparoscopic bariatric workshops on the practice patterns of surgeons

Background This study was designed to evaluate the impact of a 2-day laparoscopic bariatric workshop on the practice patterns of participating surgeons. Methods From October 1998 to June 2002, 18 laparoscopic bariatric workshops were attended by 300 surgeons. Questionnaires were mailed to all participants. Results Responses were received from 124 surgeons (41%), among whom were 56 bariatric surgeons (open) (45%), 30 advanced laparoscopic surgeons (24%), and 38 surgeons who performed neither bariatric nor advanced laparoscopic surgery (31%). The questionnaire responses showed that 46 surgeons (37%) currently are performing laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGB), 38 (31%) are performing open gastric bypass, and 39 (32%) are not performing bariatric surgery. Since completion of the course, 46 surgeons have performed 8,893 LGBs (mean, 193 cases/surgeon). Overall, 87 of the surgeons (70%) thought that a limited preceptorship was necessary before performance of LGB, yet only 25% underwent this additional training. According to a poll, the respondents thought that, on the average, 50 cases (range, 10–150 cases) are needed for a claim of proficiency. Conclusion Laparoscopic bariatric workshops are effective educational tools for surgeons wishing to adopt bariatric surgery. Open bariatric surgeons have the highest rates of adopting laparoscopic techniques and tend to participate in more adjunctive training before performing LGB. There was consensus that the learning curve is steep, and that additional training often is necessary. The authors propose a mechanism for post-residency skill acquisition for advanced laparoscopic surgery. Presented at the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) 2003 Scientific Session, 15 March 2003, Los Angeles, California     

Suicides following bariatric surgery for the treatment of obesity

The proportion of the United States population living with bariatric surgery has increased exponentially since the mid 1990s. It is pertinent to study and understand the mortality patterns of this emergent population cohort and determine the role bariatric surgery may play in these mortality patterns. We present the forensic and clinical characteristics of three cases of suicide following bariatric surgery for the treatment of morbid obesity. The clinical history in each case included recurrent major depressive disorder before and after surgery. Surgery-suicide intervals were 12 months, 27 months and 26 months, respectively. Pre-surgery and pre-mortem body mass indices were 37.7 and 22.2 kg/m(2); 42.0 and 25.0 kg/m(2); 39.5 and 29.4 kg/m(2). Depressive disorder may persist in the bariatric surgery patient despite successful surgical control of obesity.     

Routine versus selective intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background Routine use of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a matter of debate. Methods Data from 2,130 consecutive LCs and patients’ follow-up during 9 years were collected and analyzed. During the first 4 years of the study, 800 patients underwent LC, and IOC was performed selectively (SIOC). Thereafter, 1,330 patients underwent LC, and IOC was routinely attempted (RIOC) for all. Results In the IOC group, 159 patients met the criteria for SIOC, which was completed successfully in 141 cases (success rate, 88.6%). Bile duct calculi were found in nine patients. All other patients with no criteria or failed SIOC were followed, and in nine patients retained stones were documented. Thus, the incidence of ductal stones was 1.1% and sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) for the detection of ductal stones were 50, 100, 98.6, and 100%, respectively. In the RIOC group, IOC was routinely attempted in 1,330 patients and was successful in 1,133 (success rate, 90.9%; p = 0.015). Bile duct stones were detected in 37 patients (including 14 asymptomatic stones). In two cases, IOC failed to reveal ductal stones (false negative). There was no false-positive IOC. Therefore, with RIOC policy, the incidence of ductal stones, sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV were 3.3, 97.4, 100, 99.8, and 100%, respectively (significantly higher for success rate, incidence, sensitivity, and NPV; p < 0.05). Abnormal IOC findings were also significantly higher in the RIOC group. Common bile duct injury occurred only in the SIOC group [two cases of all 2,130 LCs (0.09%)]. Conclusion RIOC during LC is a safe, accurate, quick, and cost-effective method for the detection of bile duct anatomy and stones. A highly disciplined performance of RIOC can minimize potentially debilitating and hazardous complications of bile duct injury.     

Unexpected pathology during laparoscopic bariatric surgery

Background The popularity of bariatric surgery has increased in recent years with the escalating incidence of morbid obesity in our society. The improvement in minimally invasive technology and the increased number of laparoscopic bariatric procedures being performed have resulted in the discovery of unexpected pathology not suspected preoperatively. The authors hypothesized that the occurrence of unexpected pathology is not associated with immediate adverse outcomes during laparoscopic bariatric procedures. Methods From December 2002 to June 2004, 398 patients underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery for morbid obesity. A retrospective chart review was performed to determine the incidence of unexpected findings and their effect on patient results. Results Nine unexpected pathologic lesions were found in eight patients (2%). The findings included lesions on the small bowel (n = 3), stomach (n = 4), and liver (n = 2). In all cases except one (for which a biopsy was performed), the abnormalities were found and removed laparoscopically. The final pathology showed gastric leiomyomas (n = 2), gastric gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors (n = 2), ectopic pancreatic tissue (n = 2), arteriovenous malformation (n = 1), biliary adenoma (n = 1), and fibrosed hemangioma (n = 1). The planned bariatric procedures were completed for all the patients without incident. No complications occurred postoperatively, and all were discharged in 1 to 3 days (mean, 2 days). Conclusions Unexpected findings occur with relative frequency during laparoscopic bariatric procedures. Biopsy or removal of these lesions usually does not increase complications nor preclude continuation of the planned bariatric procedure. Presented in part at Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) annual meeting, April 2005, Ft. Lauderdale, FL     

The effect of marijuana use on short-term outcomes with bariatric surgery

BackgroundDespite increasing marijuana use nationwide, there are limited data on implications of marijuana use on bariatric surgery outcomes.ObjectiveWe investigated associations between marijuana use and bariatric surgery outcomes.SettingMulticenter statewide study utilizing data from the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative, a payor-funded consortium including over 40 hospitals and 80 surgeons performing bariatric surgery statewide.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative clinical registry on patients who underwent a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass between June 2019 and June 2020. Patients were surveyed at baseline and annually on medication use, depression symptoms, and substance use. Regression analysis was performed to compare 30-day and 1-year outcomes between marijuana users and nonusers.ResultsOf 6879 patients, 574 reported baseline marijuana use and 139 reported use at baseline and 1 year. Marijuana users were more likely to be current smokers (14% versus 8%, P < .0001), screen positive for alcohol use disorder (20.0% versus 8.4%, P < .0001), and score higher on the Patient Health Questionnaire–8 (6.1 versus 3.0, P < .0001). There were no statistically significant differences in 30-day outcomes or co-morbidity remission at 1 year. Marijuana users had higher adjusted total mean weight loss (47.6 versus 38.1 kg, P < .0001) and body mass index reduction (17 versus 14 kg/m², P < .0001).ConclusionsMarijuana use is not associated with worse 30-day outcomes or 1-year weight loss outcomes and should not be a barrier to bariatric surgery. However, marijuana use is associated with higher rates of smoking, substance use, and depression. These patients may benefit from additional mental health and substance abuse counseling.     

A longitudinal examination of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors among bariatric surgery patients

Background

Past research suggests self-harm/suicidality are more common among adults who have undergone bariatric surgery than the general population.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with different baseline glucose status undergoing bariatric surgery: analysis of intraoperative liver biopsies and literature review

Background

Bariatric surgery has been investigated as a treatment option for obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Because patients with NAFLD and type 2 diabetes show accelerated progression from liver disease to cirrhosis, it has been suggested that surgery could be indicated for patients with lower degrees of obesity and type 2 diabetes.