Patient-reported outcomes after total hip and knee arthroplasty: comparison of midterm results

The aim of this study was to compare the midterm functional outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). A cross-sectional postal audit survey of all consecutive patients who had a primary joint replacement at one orthopedic center 5 to 8 years ago was conducted. Participants completed an Oxford hip score or Oxford knee score, which are self-report measures of functional ability. Completed questionnaires were returned from 1112 THA patients and 613 TKA patients, giving a response rate of 72%. The median Oxford knee score of 26 was significantly worse than the median Oxford hip score of 19 (P < .001). In conclusion, TKA patients experience a significantly poorer functional outcome than THA patients 5 to 8 years postoperatively.     

Metal hypersensitivity in total hip and knee arthroplasty: Current concepts

Metal hypersensitivity (MHS) is a rare complication of total joint arthroplasty that has been linked to prosthetic device failure when other potential causes have been ruled out. The purpose of this review was to conduct an analysis of existing literature in order to get a better understanding of the pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, and management of MHS. It has been described as a type IV hypersensitivity reaction to the metals comprising prosthetic implants, often nickel and cobalt-chromium. Patients suffering from this condition have reported periprosthetic joint pain and swelling as well as cutaneous, eczematous dermatitis. There is no standard for diagnosis MHS, but tests such as patch testing and lymphocyte transformation testing have demonstrated utility, among others. Treatment options that have demonstrated success include administration of steroids and revision surgery, in which the existing metal implant is replaced with one of less allergenic materials. Moreover, the definitive resolution of symptoms has most commonly required revision surgery with the use of different implants. However, more studies are needed in order to understand the complexity of this subject.     

Outcomes of total hip and knee arthroplasty after cardiac transplantation

The outcomes of 18 primary or revision total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasties (TKA) in 9 patients with cardiac transplants were reviewed. Primary total joint arthroplasties were performed for osteonecrosis (5 hips) or osteoarthritis (5 hips, 4 knees). There were no infections in any of these patients. Final Harris Hip Scores were 71.8 for patients with osteonecrosis and 88.6 for osteoarthritis. Eight of 10 hips were pain-free at final follow-up. Two of the 10 primary THAs required late revision at 7 and 10 years after the index arthroplasty. One patient (2 hips and 1 knee) had chronic bilateral lower extremity pain. Total knee arthroplasty range of motion averaged from 7.5° to 118°. Average final Knee Society function score was 79, and objective score was 88. One of 4 patients with primary TKA required a manipulation under anesthesia. No reoperations were required in this group. Overall, patients with heart transplantations on immunosuppression had generally good pain relief after THA and TKA. There were no infections in this small cohort; however, there were many complications.     

Influence of collateral ligament laxity on patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty: a comparative bilateral study

Introduction Correct ligamentous balancing is an important determinant of the clinical outcome in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Many surgeons prefer a tight rather than a lax knee during implantation of a TKA. The hypothesis in this study was that patients with a slightly laxer knee joint might perform better than patients with a tight knee joint after implantation of a TKA.Patients and methods Twenty-two patients with bilateral knee arthroplasties were clinically and radiologically evaluated at a mean follow-up of 4.5 years, ranging from 2 to 7 years. There were 12 women and 10 men with an average age of 68.9 years (range 32–82 years) at the time of surgery. A modified HSS score (excluding laxity), varus and valgus stress X-rays in 30° of knee flexion, and the subjective outcome of both knees were compared. A knee was considered tight when it opened less than 4° and lax if it opened 4° or more on stress X-ray.Results There was a trend towards improved range of motion and HSS score for the laxer knee joints. However, the difference did not achieve statistical significance. Eleven of the 22 patients considered one side subjectively better than the other side. In 10 out of these 11 TKA, the slacker knee joint was the preferred side (p<0.05).Conclusions As the present study compared bilateral knee joints after TKA, the same patient could act as a control group, and subtle subjective differences were revealed which are not quantifiable. The results showed that patients with a preferred side felt significantly more comfortable on the laxer side, indicating that during intraoperative ligamentous tensioning, some varus and valgus laxity at 20–30° of flexion might be preferable to an over-tight knee joint. Further biomechanical and prospective investigations will be necessary to establish the correct soft-tissue tensioning.     

Primary cemented total hip arthroplasty: 10 years follow-up

Background:

Primary cemented total hip arthroplasty is a procedure for non-traumatic and traumatic affections of the hip. Long term follow-up is required to assess the longevity of the implant and establish the procedure. Indo-Asian literature on long term result of total hip arthroplasty is sparse. We present a 10-year follow-up of our patients of primary cemented total hip arthroplasty.

Materials and Methods:

We operated 31 hips in 30 patients with primary cemented total hip arthroplasty. We followed the cases for a minimum period of 10 years with a mean follow-up period of 12.7 years. The mean age of the patients was 60.7 years (range 37–82 yrs) male to female ratio was 2:1. The clinical diagnoses included - avascular necrosis of femoral head (n=15), sero positive rheumatoid arthritis (n=5), seronegative spondylo-arthropathy (n=4), neglected femoral neck fractures (n=3), healed tubercular arthritis (n=2) and post traumatic osteoarthritis of hip (n=2). The prostheses used were cemented Charnley’s total hip (n=12) and cemented modular prosthesis (n=19). The results were assessed according to Harris hip score and radiographs taken at yearly intervals.

Results:

The mean follow-up is 12.7 yrs (range 11-16 yrs) Results in all operated patients showed marked improvement in Harris hip score from preoperative mean 29.2 to 79.9 at 10 years or more followup. However, the non-inflammatory group showed more sustained long term improvement as compared to the inflammatory group, as revealed by the Harris hip score. Mean blood loss was 450ml (±3.7 ml), mean transfusion rate was 1.2 units (±.3). The complications were hypotension (n=7), shortening >1.5 cm (n=9), superficial infection (n=2) and malposition of prosthesis (n=1).

Conclusion:

The needs of Indian Asian patients, vary from what is discussed in literature. The pain tolerance is greater than western population and financial constraints are high. Thus revision surgery among Indian-Asian patients is less compared to western yard sticks.     

Factors predicting patient satisfaction 2 years after total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis

Objective

To identify factors predicting patient satisfaction 2 years after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis.

Methods

Prospective multicenter study of patients followed up for 2 years after TKA for osteoarthritis. We evaluated pain and function (Lequesne index and WOMAC) at baseline and after 2 years. After 2 years, the patients rated their satisfaction as a percentage, with values greater than 50% defining good satisfaction. Factors associated with good satisfaction were identified by univariate analyses followed by multivariate analysis.

Results

Of 299 patients, 264 completed the study (26 were lost to follow-up, six died, and three refused the 2-year evaluation), including 237 (89.8%) with satisfaction scores greater than 50%. Highly significant improvements were found after 2 years versus baseline in the Lequesne index (7.9 vs. 14.5, P < 0.0001) and WOMAC index (26.3 vs. 51.3, P < 0.0001). There were 26 (9.8%) complications. Factors significantly associated with good satisfaction in the multivariate model were absence of complications (P = 0.004), body mass index less than 27 kg/m² (P = 0.015), high radiological joint narrowing score (P = 0.038), age greater or equal to 70 years (P = 0.038), and absence of depression at the 2-year evaluation (P = 0.002).

Conclusion

We report the first prospective multicenter study done in France to assess pain and function in a large number of patients treated with TKA for osteoarthritis. Our results indicate a high success rate. We identified three factors that predict patient satisfaction and can be assessed before surgery (age greater than 70 years, absence of obesity, and severe joint space narrowing).     

全膝关节置换术后镇痛治疗的研究进展

背景 术后镇痛治疗是全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后的基本辅助措施,直接关系到手术效果和术后膝关节功能的恢复.目的 综述国内外关于TKA镇痛治疗的研究进展.内容 TKA的镇痛疗法各有优缺点,新型镇痛药物及技术的应用使镇痛方案选择更加多元化,镇痛方式及药物的选择也更加注重利于患者术后膝关节功能的康复及个体化感受.趋向 以局部浸润镇痛(local infiltration analgesia,LIA)治疗为代表的多模式镇痛(multimodal analgesia,MMA)是近年来国内外提出并研究较多的新的镇痛治疗方式,通过已有的研究已经证实MMA的积极治疗作用,但如何制定个体化的MMA方案仍然是临床面临的重要问题之一.     

A comparison of outcomes in morbidly obese,obese and non-obese patients undergoing primary total knee and total hip arthroplasty

Background

Obesity is a growing public health issue with the prevalence of morbid obesity, (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m²) increasing. There is some evidence these patients have more peri- and post-operative complications and poorer outcomes when undergoing arthroplasty procedures. This audit aimed to determine and compare the outcomes of non-obese, obese and morbidly obese patients undergoing arthroplasty at our institution.

全髋关节置换术假体周围骨溶解的临床分析

目的分析股骨假体周围骨溶解的发生情况、程度和方式,了解骨溶解与假体松动的关系。方法根据Ｇｒｕｅｎ’ｓ分区法,在标准正位Ｘ光片上对１９８０年１９９６年间进行连续Ｘ线随防的全髋关节置换术病人共１１２例进行分析,其中骨水泥固定８４例,非骨水泥固定２８例,平均随访时间为８３月。结果骨水泥固定和非骨水泥固定的假体周围骨溶解的总发生率分别为５８．３％和２５．０％,假体周围骨溶解进行性发展的发生率分别为８６％和     

Evaluation of postoperative fever and leukocytosis in patients after total hip and knee arthroplasty

Fever and leukocytosis are common after joint arthroplasty, often resulting in additional studies. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of fever and leukocytosis after joint arthroplasty and the use of tests. We retrospectively reviewed records (n = 426) of patients who underwent knee or hip arthroplasty between February 2006 and April 2008 to determine the incidence of fever and leukocytosis, tests, and results. Sixty-four had fever, and 247 had postoperative leukocytosis. Sixty additional tests were performed; 6 (10%) of 60 tests were clinically relevant. After joint arthroplasty, more than half of patients developed leukocytosis, and nearly 15% developed fever. Diagnostic testing should be based on physical examination or symptomatic findings and not solely on laboratory values or vital signs, decreasing the patient discomfort and potentially lower costs.     

两种评估方法在全髋关节置换术后的比较研究

目的分析、比较全髋关节置换术后Harris和Charnley评分标准。方法回顾性研究2008年1月至2009年3月接受全髋关节置换术患者43例（45髋）;男22例（22髋）,女21例（23髋）;年龄29～72岁,平均（52.7±14.1）岁。分别使用Harris[1]和Charnley[2]评分标准进行术后评估并分析、比较。所得数据输入SPSS11.0统计软件包,计数资料采用χ2检验。结果术后3个月所有患者两种评估方法均无差出现。Harris和Charnley评分为优者分别为33例（73.33%）和26例（63.41%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.915,P〈0.05）;评分为良者分别为10例（22.22%）和12例（24.39%）,差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.642,P〉0.05）;评分为中者分别为2例（4.45%）和3例（7.32%）,差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.068,P〉0.05）。术后12个月所有患者两种评估方法均无差出现。Harris和Charnley评分为优者分别为35例（77.78%）和31例（75.61%）,差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.458,P〉0.05）;评分为良者分别为9例（20.00%）和9例（21.95%）,差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.527,P〉0.05）;评分为中者分别为1例（2.22%）和1例（2.44%）,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.713,P〉0.01）。结论两种方法在评估结果上基本一致,但也表现出各自特点,Charnley评分确实方便简单,能大致反映具体情况,等差的评分易于记忆使用。Harris评分中得分的不等差,反映所评项目的轻重差异,表达更清楚,但必须使用图表记录。     

Epidemiology and risk factors for perioperative mortality after total hip and knee arthroplasty

The perioperative mortality of total knee and hip arthroplasties (TKA, THA) remains a major concern among health care providers and their patients. The increase in utilization of TKA and THA makes it imperative to be aware of factors that are associated with this unfortunate event. Therefore we analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample data from 1998 to 2008 and compared admissions with perioperative mortality to those that survived their hospitalization. An estimated total of 4,438,213 TKA and 2,182,121 THA procedures were performed in the United States between 1998 and 2008. The average mortality rate for TKA was 0.13% and 0.18% for THA, or 0.34 and 0.44 events per 1,000 inpatient days, respectively. Independent risk factors for in‐hospital mortality were advanced age, male gender, ethnic minority background, emergency admission as well as a number of comorbidities and complications. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the timing of death occurred earlier after TKA when compared to THA, with 50% of fatalities occurring by day 4 versus day 6 of the hospitalization, respectively. This study provides nationally representative information on risk factors for and timing of perioperative mortality after TKA and THA. Our data can be used to assess the risk for perioperative mortality and to develop targeted intervention to decrease such risk. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1811–1821, 2012     

老年患者心理弹性和全髋关节置换术后急性精神障碍的相关性研究

目的探讨行全髋关节置换术的老年患者术前心理弹性和术后急性精神障碍的相关性。方法笔者自2014-03—2016-03采用便利抽样心理弹性量表对496例60周岁以上的需接受全髋关节置换手术的老年患者进行问卷调查,观察记录术后急性精神障碍的发生情况。结果接受全髋关节置换术的老年患者心理弹性得分为(58.59±8.77)分,低于我国社区老年人(60.17±14.28)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.974,P0.001)。术后出现精神障碍21例,未出现精神障碍464例。出现术后精神障碍的老年患者术前心理弹性评分为(48.67±5.651)分,未出现术后精神障碍的为(59.04±8.623)分,术后精神障碍组的心理弹性水平明显低于术后无精神障碍组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.455,P=0.021)。Pearson相关分析结果显示心理弹性和术后急性精神障碍呈负相关(r=-2.410,P0.001)。结论心理弹性较低的老年患者行全髋关节置换术后发生急性精神障碍的概率较高,应引起医护人员重视,可通过增强患者心理弹性来减少术后急性精神障碍的发生。     

A retrospective study of total hip arthroplasty

Aim:

To evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of primary total hip replacement (THR) using modular total hip system at 2-10 years follow-up.

Materials and Methods:

The cohort comprised 100 operated cases for total hip replacement using modular hip system, with an average follow-up of 6.02 years ranging from 2-10 years. In 61 cases cemented THR, in 36 cases hybrid and in three cases uncemented THR was done. Harris hip score was used for clinical evaluation. Osteolysis was recorded in three acetabular zones described by DeLee and Charnley and the seven femoral zones described by Gruen et al.

Results:

The average age at operation was 52.46±9.58 years. Mean follow-up duration was 6.02 years ranging from 2-10 years. Four patients died due to causes unrelated to surgery. At the last follow-up mean Harris Hip score was 83.5. Radiolucent lines were present in 39(39%) acetabular and 32 (32%) femoral components. Osteolysis was most common in Zone 7 of the femoral and Zone II and III of the acetabular component. Eight hips have been revised, five for aseptic loosening as proved by negative culture at revision and three hips for posttraumatic periprosthetic femoral fracture. One girdle stone resection was done for deep infection. Out of 96 hips available at latest follow-up, 87 primary arthroplasties were intact and functioning well.

Conclusion:

The results of our study support the continued use of the modular hip system. The acetabular loosening was more common than femoral in our study.     

Wound healing after total knee arthroplasty

Wound healing complications in the early postoperative period can be severely detrimental to clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty. Thorough knowledge of preoperative risk factors, meticulous surgical technique and wound closure, along with careful postoperative wound monitoring can prevent wound complications or lead to their resolution without subsequent morbidity. If complications arise in the postoperative period, the wound must be evaluated and treated promptly to avoid periprosthetic infection.     

Intrapelvic complications after total hip arthroplasty failure

BACKGROUND: Severe total hip arthroplasty failure with central migration of prosthetic components is uncommon. If perforation of the medial acetabular wall occurs, injuries of intrapelvic structures may result. DATA SOURCES: A meta-analysis of the English literature was performed. A human pelvic cadaver was used to demonstrate the proximity of intrapelvic structures to a centrally dislocated cup. RESULTS: Fifty cases of intrapelvic injury were identified. Structures involved most frequently were the external iliac artery and the bladder. The most common types of complication included fistula formation, development of a false aneurysm, and hemorrhage. The human cadaver pelvis demonstrated the proximity of intrapelvic vessels, the bladder, the ureter, the vagina, the deferent duct, the sigmoid colon, the rectum, and the sciatic nerve to an intrapelvically intruded prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: Failed total hip replacements should be considered to cause damage to pelvic viscera.     

不同股骨头颈直径比与髋臼角对人工髋关节活动的影响

目的：探讨不同股骨头颈直径比和髋臼安置方位对人工全髋关节活动范围的影响。方法：应用计算机模拟技术建立人工全髋关节三维计算机模型，模拟测试三种不同头颈直径比全髋假体在体外不同安置方位的活动范围。结果：全髋关节置换术后的活动范围不仅取决于假体设计的某些参数，如头颈直径比，还取决于假体安置的某些参数，如臼杯的外展角和前倾角，假体柄的前倾角，以及臼杯和柄的相互方向等等。人工全髋关节在合适的安置方位内产生最佳的活动范围。头颈比越大，同一安置方位同一方向的活动范围越大。结论：人工全髋关节相对较大的头颈直径比在合适的安置方位内产生最佳的活动范围，可减少全髋关节置换术(THA)后假体撞击机会。国产镁硅玉全髋假体由于头颈比太小，在任何安置方位内其活动范围都较小，将难于满足日常生活需要。     

Weight change 1 year following total knee or hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: Pain secondary to osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip or knee is often used as a reason to not lose weight prior to total knee or hip arthroplasty (TKA, THA). This study followed the weight change of patients who subjectively increased their activity levels 1 year following TKA or THA. METHODS: We reviewed the records and prospectively followed the weight of 84 patients 1 year following surgery. The pre and postoperative weight were compared, including separate 10 kg categories (e.g. 60.1-70.0 kg). RESULTS: All patients had improved mobility as evaluated by either the clinical notes or a patient-based questionnaire. At 1 year, there was no significant change in weight; only an insignificant small increase in weight was seen. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that lower preoperative activity levels are not the cause for the inability to lose weight or that the gain in mobility achieved by joint replacement, of its own, does not result in weight loss.     

Diagnosis of infection after total hip arthroplasty

Forty-eight total hip arthroplasties for which revision surgery was performed were reviewed to determine the accuracy of laboratory tests, plain radiographs, hip aspiration, and technetium-99m MDP and gallium-67 scans in demonstrating the presence or absence of infection of the prosthesis. Six of the 48 hips were diagnosed as having an infection at the revision surgery. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in the patients with infected prostheses. The difference in the white blood cell count was not significant. There was no signifi-cant relationship between the presence of infection and the severity of loosening and instability of the implants diagnosed by plain radiographs. The accuracy of hip aspiration in diagnosing the infection was 83%, with a sensitivity of 40% and a specificity of 92%. The accuracy of technetium-99m MDP bone scan was 79%, with a sensitivity of 83%, and a specificity of 79%. Gallium-67 scan had an accuracy of 96%, a sensitivity of 67%, and a specificity of 100%. The findings in the present study indicated that diagnostic tests consisting of laboratory tests and plain radiography, followed by hip aspiration and sequential use of technetium-99m MDP and gallium-67 scintigraphies, are suitable for differentiation between mechanical loosening and infection of total hip arthroplasty. Received: November 17, 2000 / Accepted: February 14, 2001     

Overweight and obesity in hip and knee arthroplasty: Evaluation of 6078 cases

AIM: To evaluate a possible association between the various levels of obesity and peri-operative charac-teristics of the procedure in patients who underwent endoprosthetic joint replacement in hip and knee joints.METHODS: We hypothesized that obese patients were treated for later stage of osteoarthritis, that more conservative implants were used, and the intra-and perioperative complications increased for such patients. We evaluated all patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 who were treated in our institution from January 2011 to September 2013 for a primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients were split up by the levels of obesity according to the classification of the World Health Organization. Average age at the time of primary arthroplasty, preoperative Harris Hip Score (HHS), Hospital for Special Surgery score (HSS), gender, type of implanted prosthesis, and intra-and postoperative complications were evaluated.RESULTS: Six thousand and seventy-eight patients with a BMI ≥ 25 were treated with a primary THA or TKA. Age decreased significantly (P < 0.001) by increasing obesity in both the THA and TKA. HHS and HSS were at significantly lower levels at the time of treatment in the super-obese population (P < 0.001). Distribution patterns of the type of endoprostheses used changed with an increasing BMI. Peri- and postoperative complications were similar in form and quantity to those of the normal population.CONCLUSION: Higher BMI leads to endoprosthetic treat-ment in younger age, which is carried out at significantly lower levels of preoperative joint function.