Local Consolidation Therapy (LCT) After First Line Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) for Patients With EGFR Mutant Metastatic Non–small-cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Introduction

Although most NSCLC patients with sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations have an impressive initial response, the vast majority has residual disease and develops acquired resistance after 9 to 14 months of EGFR tyrosine kinase (TKI) therapy. We recently reported a phase II trial showing that, for patients with molecularly unselected oligometastatic NSCLC who did not progress after first-line systemic therapy, local consolidation therapy (LCT) with surgery or radiation improved progression-free survival (PFS), compared with maintenance therapy alone. Herein, we report a retrospective analysis of LCT after TKI in patients with metastatic EGFR mutant NSCLC.

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Versus Placebo as Maintenance Therapy for Advanced Nonsmall-cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: Use of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs ) is now standard for nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the effects of EGFR-TKIs in maintenance therapy for advancedNSCLC patients are still unclear. The preent meta-analysis was performed to examine pooled data of randomizedcontrol trials (RCT) where EGFR-TKIs were compared against placebo in maintenance regimens for patientswith advanced NCSLC to quantify potential benefits and determine safety. Methods: Several data bases weresearched, including PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL, and we performed an internet search of conferenceliterature. The endpoints were objective response rates (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overallsurvival (OS). We performed a meta-analysis of the published data, using Comprehensive Meta Analysis software(Version 2.0). with a fixed effects model and an additional random effects model, when applicable. The resultsof the meta-analysis are expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) or risk ratios (RRs), with their corresponding 95%confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results: The final analysis included six trials, covering 3,758 patients. Comparedwith placebo, EGFR-TKIs maintenance therapy improved ORR and PFS for patients with advanced NSCLC, thedifference being statistically significant (P<0.05), but proved unable to prolong patients’ OS. The main adversereactions were diarrhea and rashes. Conclusion: EGFR-TKIs demonstrated encouraging efficacy, safety andsurvival when delivered as maintenance therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC after first-line chemotherapy,especially for the patients who had adenocarcinomas, were female, non-smokers and patients with EGFR genemutations.     

Impact of Continuing First-Line EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy Beyond RECIST Disease Progression in Patients with Advanced EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Retrospective GFPC 04-13 Study

Retrospective studies suggested a benefit of first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment continuation after response evaluation in solid tumors (RECIST) progression in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aim of this multicenter observational retrospective study was to assess the frequency of this practice and its impact on overall survival (OS). The analysis included advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients treated with first-line TKI who experienced RECIST progression between June 2010 and July 2012. Among the 123 patients included (67?±?12.7 years, women: 69 %, non smokers: 68 %, PS 0–1: 87 %), 40.6 % continued TKI therapy after RECIST progression. There was no difference between the patients who did and did not continue TKI therapy with respect to progression-free survival (PFS1: 10.5 versus 9.5 months, p?=?0.054). Progressions were significantly less symptomatic in the TKI continuation group than in the discontinuation group (18 % vs. 37 %, p?=?0.001), >1 one metastatic site (HR 1.96, 95 %CI: 1.06-3.61, p?=?0.02) at diagnosis, and a trend towards a higher risk of death in cases of TKI discontinuation after progression (HR 1.62, 95 %CI: 0.98-2.67, p?=?0.00001) and >1 metastatic site (HR 2.54, 95 %CI: 1.24-5.21, 相似文献   

Activity of the EGFR-HER2 Dual Inhibitor Afatinib in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer Patients With Acquired Resistance to Reversible EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of afatinib in EGFR-mutant metastatic NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to erlotinib or gefitinib.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the outcome of patients with EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC treated with afatinib after failure of chemotherapy and EGFR TKIs.ResultsA total of 96 individuals were included in the study. According to EGFR status, most patients (n = 63; 65.6%) harbored a deletion in exon 19, and de novo T790M mutation was detected in 2 cases (T790M and exon 19). Twenty-four (25%) patients underwent repeated biopsy immediately before starting afatinib and secondary T790M was detected in 8 (33%) samples. Among the 86 patients evaluable for efficacy, response rate was 11.6%, with a median progression free-survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of 3.9 and 7.3 months, respectively. No significant difference in PFS and OS was observed according to type of last therapy received before afatinib, type of EGFR mutation or adherence to Jackman criteria, and patients benefiting from afatinib therapy had longer PFS and OS (P < .001). Outcome results for repeated biopsy patients were similar to the whole population, with no evidence of response in T790M-positive patients. All patients were evaluable for toxicity, and 81% experienced an AE of any grade, with grade 3 to 4 AEs, mainly diarrhea and skin toxicity, occurring in 19 (20%) patients.ConclusionOur results showed that afatinib has only modest efficacy in a real life population of EGFR mutant NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to erlotinib or gefitinib.     

Survival of Asian Females With Advanced Lung Cancer in the Era of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy

Introduction

We examined the effect of access to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy on survival for Asian female (AF) EGFR mutation-enriched patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

局部晚期非小细胞肺癌同步放化疗并序贯化疗与单纯序贯放化疗的对比研究

目的 观察局部晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）接受调强放疗（IMRT）联合同步吉西他滨和卡铂方案（GC）化疗与序贯放化疗的近、远期疗效和不良反应。方法 回顾性分析不能进行手术治疗和拒绝手术治疗的局部晚期NSCLC患者65例,其中同步放化疗并序贯化疗组给予IMRT同步联合GC治疗者32例,单纯序贯放化疗组为33例给予IMRT后序贯GC治疗。通过统计分析比较两组之间的近期有效率、远期生存率和不良反应。结果 两组均完成治疗,随访率100%,同步放化疗并序贯化疗组近期有效率为75%,单纯序贯放化疗组为66.7% ,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组1、3年生存率相比较,同步放化疗并序贯化疗组为68. 2% 、20. 5% ;单纯序贯放化疗组为 50. 1% 、11.3%;同步放化疗并序贯化疗组明显优于单纯序贯放化疗组（P＜0.05）。两组不良反应情况对比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 IMRT同步联合GC方案并序贯化疗治疗局部晚期NSCLC,可以提高患者的远期生存率且不良反应可耐受。     

A Phase 1/2 Study of Lazertinib 240 mg in Patients With Advanced EGFR T790M-Positive NSCLC After Previous EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

IntroductionThis integrated analysis of a phase 1/2 study (NCT03046992) evaluated the efficacy and safety of lazertinib, a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in patients with advanced EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC after previous EGFR TKI therapy.MethodsAdults with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC that progressed after prior EGFR-directed TKIs received once daily oral lazertinib 240 mg continuously until disease progression. Prior TKIs to treat T790M-positive NSCLC were prohibited. Primary endpoints were safety and objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, overall survival, and intracranial ORR.ResultsA total of 78 patients received lazertinib 240 mg at 17 centers in South Korea. Among patients with T790M-positive tumors at baseline (N = 76), one (1.3%) had a complete response and 41 (53.9%) had partial responses, giving an ORR of 55.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 44.1–66.4). Median progression-free survival was 11.1 months (95% CI: 5.5–16.4). Median overall survival was not reached (median follow-up = 22.0 mo). In patients with measurable intracranial lesions (n = 7), one (14.3%) had a complete intracranial response and five (71.4%) had partial responses, giving an intracranial ORR of 85.7% (95% CI: 59.8%–100.0%). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were rash (37.2%), pruritus (34.6%), and paresthesia (33.3%); most were mild to moderate in severity. Serious drug-related adverse events occurred in three patients (gastritis, pneumonia, pneumonitis). The major mechanism of resistance was EGFR T790M loss.ConclusionsLazertinib 240 mg/d has a manageable safety profile with durable antitumor efficacy, including brain metastases, in patients with advanced T790M-positive NSCLC after previous EGFR TKI therapy.     

Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) Contributes to Second-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Second-generation irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), afatinib, has been approved for treating EGFR mutant lung cancer patients, but the mechanism of acquired resistance to afatinib has not been well studied. In this study, we established afatinib acquired resistant cell lines. Gene array technology was used to screen changes in gene expression between afatinib-resistant lung cancer cells and parental cells. Our results showed that secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) was significantly increased in afatinib-resistant lung cancer cells. To study the effect of SPP1 on afatinib resistance, siSPP1 was used to knock down SSP1 in afatinib-resistant lung cancer cells. Then sensitivity to afatinib and invasive ability were studied. We found that knockdown of SPP1 increased sensitivity of lung cancer cells to afatinib and decrease the ability of invasion. Of clinical significance, we found that SSP1 was upregulated in lung cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and low level of SSP1 was strongly associated with better overall survival. Our results suggest that SPP1 enhanced the second-generation EGFR TKI resistance in lung cancer, and inhibiting SPP1 might be a therapeutic target to overcome afatinib resistance.     

Efficacy and Safety of Befotertinib (D-0316) in Patients With EGFR T790M-Mutated NSCLC That Had Progressed After Prior EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy: A Phase 2, Multicenter,Single-Arm,Open-Label Study

IntroductionBefotertinib (D-0316) is a novel, third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). This study evaluated befotertinib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who developed an EGFR T790M mutation after progression on first- or second-generation EGFR TKI therapy.MethodsThis was a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study at 49 hospitals across mainland China. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC harboring EGFR T790M mutations with disease progression after prior first- or second-generation EGFR TKI therapy received oral befotertinib of 50 mg (cohort A) or 75 to 100 mg (cohort B) once daily. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by an independent review committee in intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03861156.ResultsA total of 176 patients and 290 patients were included in cohorts A (50 mg) and B (75–100 mg), respectively. At data cutoff (August 15, 2021), independent review committee–assessed ORR was 67.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61.9%–72.9%) in cohort B. The investigator-assessed ORR was 54.0% (95% CI: 46.3%–61.5%) in cohort A and 65.9% (95% CI: 60.1%–71.3%) in cohort B. The median investigator-assessed progression-free survival was 11.0 (95% CI: 9.6–12.5) months in cohort A and 12.5 (95% CI: 11.1–13.8) months in cohort B. The median independent review committee–assessed progression-free survival in cohort B was 16.6 (95% CI: 15.0–not evaluable [NE]) months. The intracranial ORR was 26.7% (95% CI: 7.8%–55.1%) in cohort A by investigator assessment, while 57.1% (95% CI: 34.0%–78.2%) and 55.9% (95% CI: 37.9%–72.8%) in cohort B by investigator and independent review committee assessment, respectively. The median investigator-assessed intracranial progression-free survival was 16.5 (95% CI: 8.6–NE) months in cohort A, while the median intracranial progression-free survival was not evaluable in cohort B due to immature data regardless of investigator or independent review committee assessment. and NE (95% CI: 13.8–NE) in cohort B. The overall survival was immature. Grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events and treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in 20.5% and 11.4% of patients in cohort A and in 29.3% and 10.0% of patients in cohort B, respectively.ConclusionsBefotertinib of 75 to 100 mg has satisfying efficacy and manageable toxicity in patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC harboring T790M mutation with resistance to first- or second-generation EGFR TKIs. A phase 3 randomized trial is underway (NCT04206072).     

培美曲塞联合奥沙利铂化疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效

目的 探讨培美曲塞联合奥沙利铂化疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效.方法 选取100例晚期非小细胞肺癌的患者,按照随机数表法将100例患者分为对照组与观察组.对照组采用常规化疗方法,即应用吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂化疗.观察组采用培美曲塞联合奥沙利铂化疗.观察比较两组患者临床疗效,生活质量,血清糖类抗原(CA) 125及癌胚抗原(CEA)水平变化,不良反应.结果 观察组临床有效率为40.0％,对照组为34.0％,两组有效率比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05),观察组临床控制率为80.0％,对照组临床控制率为74.0％,无统计学意义(P＞0.05).观察组治疗后体质量为(71.9±5.1)kg,明显高于对照组患者的(66.9±3.1)kg,差异明显,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组在治疗后卡氏评分为(86.4±5.7)分,明显高于对照组患者的(75.4±4.7)分,差异明显,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组在治疗后血清CEA含量为(10.2±6.1)μg·L-1,明显低于对照组患者的(19.3±5.9)μg·L-1,差异明显,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组在治疗后CA125含量为(38.8 ±3.2)U·mL-1,明显低于对照组患者的(49.3±2.1)U·mL-1,差异明显,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组患者不良反应比较,未见统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 培美曲塞联合奥沙利铂化疗对患者生活质量的恢复具有显著作用.     

A Randomized Phase III Study Comparing Carboplatin With Nab-Paclitaxel Versus Docetaxel for Elderly Patients With Squamous-Cell Lung Cancer: Study Protocol

Background

Treatment with carboplatin (CBDCA) with weekly paclitaxel (PTX) has shown survival benefits compared with vinorelbine or gemcitabine in elderly patients with non-small-cell carcinoma (NSCLC). Docetaxel (DOC), however, remains a standard treatment in NSCLC. The 130-nm albumin-bound formulation of PTX (nab-PTX) has shown activity in NSCLC. Treatment with CBDCA with weekly nab-PTX showed significantly higher efficacy than CBDCA with PTX in patients with squamous histology and significantly increased overall survival (OS) in patients aged 70 years and older.

MRTX-500 Phase 2 Trial: Sitravatinib With Nivolumab in Patients With Nonsquamous NSCLC Progressing On or After Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy or Chemotherapy

IntroductionSitravatinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting TYRO3, AXL, MERTK receptors, and vascular epithelial growth factor receptor 2, can shift the tumor microenvironment toward an immunostimulatory state. Combining sitravatinib with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) may augment antitumor activity.MethodsThe phase 2 MRTX-500 study evaluated sitravatinib (120 mg daily) with nivolumab (every 2 or 4 wk) in patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC who progressed on or after previous CPI (CPI-experienced) or chemotherapy (CPI-naive). CPI-experienced patients had a previous clinical benefit (PCB) (complete response, partial response, or stable disease for at least 12 weeks then disease progression) or no PCB (NPCB) from CPI. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR); secondary objectives included safety and secondary efficacy end points.ResultsOverall, 124 CPI-experienced (NPCB, n = 35; PCB, n = 89) and 32 CPI-naive patients were treated. Investigator-assessed ORR was 11.4% in patients with NPCB, 16.9% with PCB, and 25.0% in CPI-naive. The median progression-free survival was 3.7, 5.6, and 7.1 months with NPCB, PCB, and CPI-naive, respectively; the median overall survival was 7.9 and 13.6 months with NPCB and PCB, respectively (not reached in CPI-naive patients; median follow-up 20.4 mo). Overall, (N = 156), any grade treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 93.6%; grade 3/4 in 58.3%. One grade 5 TRAE occurred in a CPI-naive patient. TRAEs led to treatment discontinuation in 14.1% and dose reduction or interruption in 42.9%. Biomarker analyses supported an immunostimulatory mechanism of action.ConclusionsSitravatinib with nivolumab had a manageable safety profile. Although ORR was not met, this combination exhibited antitumor activity and encouraged survival in CPI-experienced patients with nonsquamous NSCLC.     

培美曲塞及吉西他滨分别联合顺铂治疗初治晚期非小细胞肺癌安全性和有效性的随机对照研究

背景与目的由于不同个体间肿瘤细胞的生物学特性差异以及现有药物在疗效和不良反应方面仍存在的一定缺陷,故本研究旨在比较培美曲塞及吉西他滨分别联合顺铂治疗初治晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的临床疗效及毒副作用。方法 251例患者被随机分为培美曲塞联合顺铂组(PP组)127例和吉西他滨联合顺铂组(GP组)124例。PP组:培美曲塞500mg/m2,d1,顺铂75mg/m2,d1。GP组:吉西他滨1,000mg/m2,d1,8,顺铂75mg/m2,d1。两组治疗周期均为每3周1次。此外,两组均合并给药叶酸、VitB12和地塞米松。结果 PP组和GP组患者的总有效率分别为25.20%和17.74%,其中非鳞癌患者总有效率分别为27.62%和16.00%。两组肿瘤进展时间分别为6.5个月和5.6个月,中位生存期分别为16.9个月和17.0个月,1年生存率分别为59.62%和65.87%,2年生存率分别为27.28%和27.93%。PP组非鳞癌的总有效率明显高于GP组,结果具有统计学意义。但两组总缓解率、肿瘤进展时间、中位生存期、1年及2年生存率均无明显性差异。从不良反应来看,PP组的白细胞减少、血小板降低、血红蛋白降低、脱发等不良反应明显低于GP组,结果具有统计学意义。结论培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌与吉西他滨联合顺铂疗效相当,但副作用明显减少。总之,培美曲塞联用顺铂可以作为安全有效的药物对初治的非小细胞肺癌进行临床一线治疗。     

Surveillance With PET/CT and Liquid Biopsies of Stage I-III Lung Cancer Patients After Completion of Definitive Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial (SUPER)

Despite increased focus on prevention as well as improved treatment possibilities, lung cancer remains among the most frequent and deadliest cancer diagnoses worldwide. Even lung cancer patients treated with curative intent have a high risk of relapse, leading to a dismal prognosis. More knowledge on the efficacy of surveillance with both current and new technologies as well as on the impact on patient treatment, quality of life, and survival are urgently needed. We therefore designed a randomized phase 3 trial. In one arm, every other computed tomography (CT) scan is replaced by positron emission tomography/CT, the other arm is the standard follow-up scheme with CT. The standard arm is identical to the current national Danish follow-up program. The primary endpoint is to compare the number of relapses treatable with curative intent in the 2 arms. We aim to include 750 patients over a 3-year period. Additionally, we will test the feasibility of noninvasive lung cancer diagnostics and surveillance in the form of circulating tumor DNA analysis. For this purpose, blood samples are collected before treatment and at each following control. The blood samples are stored in a biobank for later analysis and will not be used for guiding patient treatment decisions.     

紫杉醇脂质体诱导加同期放化疗与序贯放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的随机对照研究

背景与目的序贯放化疗及同期放化疗在局部晚期肺癌治疗中得以广泛研究,而诱导加同期放化疗的研究尚少。紫杉醇脂质体副作用少,可使诱导加同期放化疗更顺利地实施。本文旨在比较紫杉醇脂质体加顺铂(TP方案)诱导加同期放化疗和序贯放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small celllung cancer,NSCLC)的疗效及毒副作用。方法我院60例局部晚期NSCLC患者随机分为诱导加同期放化疗组(A组)和序贯放化疗组(B组)。A组:诱导化疗2个-3个周期后行同期放化疗,放疗的第1天及第22天予TP方案化疗(紫杉醇脂质体135mg/m2-175mg/m2,d1;顺铂70mg/m2-80mg/m2,d2),期间持续放疗。B组:化疗方案同前,化疗4个-6个周期后,行放疗。两组放疗方式均为三维适形放疗,总剂量为56Gy-70Gy。观察和比较两组的疗效和毒副作用。结果 A组、B组总有效率分别为80.3%和60%,组间有统计学差异(P=0.042);1年生存率分别为71.4%和53.2%,组间无统计学差异(P=0.18);骨髓抑制发生率分别为90%和73.3%,组间无统计学差异(P=0.09);放射性食管炎发生率分别为50%和36.7%,组间无统计学差异(P=0.147);肺纤维化发生率分别为30%和20%,组间无统计学差异(P=0.276)。结论在晚期NSCLC的局部治疗中,TP方案诱导加同期放化疗较序贯放化疗的近期疗效好,但毒副反应无明显区别。