2010年南阳市卧龙区部分健康人群乙肝、麻疹、风疹、乙脑、流脑免疫水平监测

[目的]了解南阳市卧龙区健康人群病毒性乙型肝炎(乙肝)、麻疹、风疹、流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)、流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)免疫水平,为评价免疫效果,及时制定疫苗针对传染病防制策略提供科学依据。[方法]2010年随机抽取卧龙区5个街道(乡镇)4个不同年龄组健康人群共363人,进行乙肝、麻疹、风疹、乙脑、流脑抗体水平监测。[结果]调查363人,乙肝抗-HBs、麻疹IgG抗体、风疹IgG抗体、乙脑抗体、A群流脑和C群流脑抗体阳性率分别为90.91%、92.29%、84.02%、89.26%、88.15%和85.67%,不同种类各年龄组间抗体阳性率的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01)。[结论]卧龙区6岁以下年龄组乙肝、麻疹、风疹、乙脑、流脑疫苗的抗体阳性率较高,18岁以上年龄组乙肝、麻疹、风疹、乙脑、流脑疫苗的抗体阳性率`较低。     

西双版纳州1～15岁儿童脊灰、百日咳、白喉、破伤风、麻疹和乙肝抗体水平监测结果

目的了解西双版纳州1～15岁健康儿童脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)、百日咳、白喉、破伤风、麻疹、乙型肝炎(乙肝)抗体水平,评价免疫接种效果,为制定免疫方案和接种质量监测提供依据。方法用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测脊灰IgG、百日咳IgG、白喉IgG、破伤风IgG、麻疹IgG和乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)。结果共检测159份血清标本,麻疹IgG抗体阳性率为97.48%,脊灰IgG抗体阳性率为96.86%,百日咳IgG抗体阳性率为为96.86%,破伤风IgG抗体阳性率为91.19%,白喉IgG抗体阳性率为为59.12%,HBsAb阳性率为58.49%。结论西双版纳州1～15岁健康儿童的麻疹、脊灰、百日咳、破伤风具有较高的免疫水平,已达到卫生部规定的目标(85%),白喉和乙肝的抗体水平较低。应加强白喉和乙肝的免疫接种质量,提高免疫水平。     

宝鸡市5034名儿童脊髓灰质炎、麻疹、风疹和乙脑IgG抗体水平分析

目的了解宝鸡市适龄儿童脊髓灰质炎、麻疹、风疹和乙脑免疫水平,评价疫苗免疫效果,为预防接种工作提供依据。方法选择辖区1~12岁健康儿童共5 034名,采集血清标本,用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测其脊髓灰质炎、麻疹和风疹、乙脑IgG抗体。结果脊髓灰质炎、麻疹、风疹和乙脑IgG抗体阳性率分别为97.79%、97.76%、97.18%和99.36%。不同年龄组脊灰抗体差异有统计学意义(χ2=27.11,P0.01);不同乡镇之间麻疹、风疹抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(P0.01);不同性别间4种抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论宝鸡市1~12岁儿童脊髓灰质炎、麻疹、风疹和乙脑抗体处于较高水平,已形成稳固有效的免疫屏障,可有效预防脊髓灰质炎、麻疹、风疹和流行性乙型脑炎的发生和流行。     

海口市1～7岁健康人群5种传染病抗体水平监测分析

摘要:目的　了解海口市免疫规划疫苗针对传染病的人群免疫水平,评价免疫预防接种效果,为下一步调整免疫规划策略提供科学的依据。方法　采用分层整群抽样方法,对988名健康儿童的抗体水平进行检测,并对结果进行分析。结果　共检测988份血清标本,麻疹、风疹、脊灰、白喉和流脑IgG 抗体阳性率分别为97.06%、93.22%、95.75%、92.00%和89.68%,5种抗体保护水平均达到了85%以上,乙脑IgG 抗体阳性率为73.68%,HBsAb阳性率为56.68%。结论　海口市1～7岁健康儿童的麻疹、风疹、脊灰、白喉、流脑具有较高的免疫水平,已形成有效的免疫屏障,乙肝和乙脑的抗体水平相对较低,应加强这两种疫苗预防接种工作。     

2011年盐城市盐都区健康儿童麻疹、乙脑、流脑、脊髓灰质炎抗体水平调查

[目的]了解盐城市盐都区健康儿童麻疹、乙脑、流脑、脊髓灰质炎IgG抗体水平,评价儿童预防接种效果,为儿童计划免疫工作提供参考。[方法]2011年8～9月,在盐都区马沟镇对完成麻疹疫苗、乙脑疫苗、流脑疫苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗基础免疫全程接种的2～13岁儿童2 017名,采集手指末梢全血,采用酶联免疫试验试剂盒检测麻疹、乙脑、流脑、脊髓灰质炎IgG抗体。[结果]检测2 017名儿童,脊髓灰质炎IgG抗体阳性率为76.15%,2岁最低(56.00%),7岁最高(97.28%);麻疹IgG抗体阳性率为78.73%,9岁最低(61.90%),4岁最高(97.45%);乙脑IgG抗体阳性率为88.55%,8岁最低(80.70%),10岁最高(94.03%);流脑IgG抗体阳性率为62.72%,6岁最低(29.34%),8岁最高(98.25%)。[结论]盐都区马沟镇2～13岁儿童麻疹、乙脑、流脑、脊髓灰质炎抗体水平不高。     

2011年崇左市江州区1～16岁儿童麻疹疫苗、风疹疫苗免疫水平监测结果分析

[目的]了解崇左市江州区儿童麻疹免疫水平,客观评价人群麻疹免疫状况,为调整策略并改进工作提供依据。[方法]2011年8月,对崇左市江州区内1～16岁7 772名儿童进行麻疹、风疹抗体水平进行检测。[结果]合计检测7 772名儿童,麻疹IgG抗体阳性的7 028人,阳性率为90.43%,风疹IgG抗体阳性的6 087人,阳性率为78.32%。麻疹IgG抗体阳性率,不同性别、不同年龄、不同地区差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),风疹IgG抗体阳性率,不同性别、不同年龄、不同地区差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]结果显示崇左市江州区儿童麻疹疫苗抗体总阳性率维持高水平,风疹抗体水平较低,应加强免疫规划工作及检查督导力度。     

东莞市沙田镇2013年健康人群百日咳、白喉、麻疹、风疹抗体水平监测分析

目的 对东莞市沙田镇2013年健康人群百日咳、白喉、麻疹、风疹抗体水平进行监测分析,评价免疫效果,为该镇的免疫规划策略和措施的制定提供理论依据.方法 采用分层随机抽样调查法抽取该镇共408名健康人群,采集微量静脉血,并采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测抗体水平,进行统计学分析.结果 共检测408份血清标本,百日咳1gG抗体阳性率为70.83％、白喉IgG抗体阳性率为76.23％、麻疹1gG抗体阳性率为89.85％、风疹1gG抗体阳性率为87.50％.结论 东莞市沙田镇健康人群免疫状况良好,百日咳、白喉1gG抗体阳性率较低,麻疹抗体阳性率仍低于消除麻疹需要达到并维持95％的水平,应继续加强免疫规划管理工作,并定期开展抗体水平监测.     

2013年随州市健康人群麻疹、乙脑及脊灰抗体水平监测结果分析

目的：了解随州市健康人群麻疹、流行性乙型脑炎及脊髓灰质炎抗体水平,评价疫苗接种效果和人群免疫状况,为制定免疫规划策略提供依据。方法按照分层随机抽样的原则抽取健康人群4704名,采用酶联免疫法（ELISA）检测麻疹、乙脑以及脊灰IgG抗体。结果共检测4704份血清标本,麻疹、乙脑、脊灰IgG阳性率分别为92.84%、76.00%、68.24%。结论随州市健康人群麻疹IgG抗体处于较高水平,乙脑IgG抗体及脊灰IgG抗体阳性率较低,学龄后儿童乙脑抗体保护率有降低的趋势,应加强麻疹、乙脑及脊灰的接种率和接种质量。     

湖北省健康人群麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎人群免疫水平分析

目的:了解湖北省人群麻疹、风疹和腮腺炎抗体水平,制定免疫对策。方法:抽取咸宁市和黄石市两个地区部分健康人群,采集0岁～50岁健康人群标本共700份,使用ELISA法定量检测正常人血清中麻疹IgG、风疹IgG和腮腺炎IgG抗体水平。结果:麻疹、风疹和腮腺炎IgG抗体阳性率分别为87.14%、55.43%和61.86%。结论:抽取的湖北省两个地区健康人群风疹IgG和腮腺炎IgG抗体阳性率均比较低;控制麻疹重点人群为小于2岁年龄组;需要对风疹强化免疫以及对2岁以下儿童进行腮腺炎强化免疫。     

2017年南宁市健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎抗体水平监测及防控对策

目的了解南宁市健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎的抗体水平,评估免疫规划接种效果。方法利用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)定量检测健康人群麻疹IgG、风疹IgG和流行性腮腺炎IgG抗体水平。结果检测标本322份,麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎IgG抗体阳性率分别为85.71%、78.88%、65.84%,抗体几何平均浓度(GMC)分别为657.64 mIU/ml、40.90 IU/ml、138.28 IU/ml。麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎抗体和GMC在不同年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01);麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎抗体在不同监测点差异无统计学意义(P0.05),GMC差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论麻疹IgG抗体水平较高,已经达到消除麻疹的规划接种目标;风疹IgG和流行性腮腺炎IgG抗体水平相对较低,出现暴发的可能性较高。结合近期流行性腮腺炎和风疹流行情况,建议对学龄前儿童进行第二剂流行性腮腺炎强化免疫,对12岁以上易感人群进行风疹强化免疫。     

Nutritional status of vitamin A, E, C, B1, B2, B6, nicotinic acid, B12, folate, and beta-carotene in young women

To investigate the vitamin status of young Japanese women, dietary intakes of vitamin A, E, C, B1, B2, B6, B12, niacin, folate, and beta-carotene were assessed by a 3-d weighed food record in 150 female students aged 21-22. Whole blood levels of vitamin B1, B2, and nicotinic acid, and serum levels of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin B6, and beta-carotene were determined by HPLC. Vitamin B12 and folate in serum were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay, and serum vitamin C was done by dinitrophenylhydrazine method. When the 6th revision RDAs for the Japanese (physical activity level 1) were applied, 46.7% of the females showed sufficient intake for vitamin A, 28.7% for E, 80.7%, for B1, 92.7% for B2, 54.7% for B6, 99.3% for niacin, 76.0% for B12, 34.0% for folate, and 54.0% for C. Fifty-nine percent of total vitamin A (microgRE) intakes were derived from beta-carotene. The mean+/- SD of energy intakes was low, 1.572+/-315 kcal. Significant correlations among intakes of energy and all these vitamins were found. Serum folate and ascorbic acid levels in the females with corresponding vitamin intakes above the RDA were significantly higher than in those with intakes below the RDA. There were significant correlations between blood vitamin levels and vitamin intakes in vitamin B12 (r=0.185), folate (r=0.255), vitamin C (r=0.272), and beta-carotene (r=0.319). Mean blood levels of folate, ascorbic acid, vitamin B2, B12, and beta-carotene were higher in the highest quartile of intake than in the lowest. The 95% confidence intervals of blood vitamin levels obtained from the females with sufficient vitamin intakes were nearly equal to those obtained from all subjects. Only a few females (0.7-4.7%) had their blood vitamin levels below the lower limits. Serum alpha-tocopherol levels were significantly correlated with serum levels of retinol, beta-carotene, and vitamin C. This data suggested that young women should increase suitable dietary food intakes in order to maintain good status of vitamin. Moreover, sufficient amount of physical activity would be expected for prevention of excessive energy intake.     

Effects of prednisolone and complex of vitamin B1, B2, B6 and B12 on organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity

Protective effects of prednisolone as a synthetic adrenal cortical hormone and complex of vitamin B(1), B(2), B(6) and B (12) on organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) caused by leptophos and tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) as organophosphates (OPs) were examined. Nine groups of hens (six for each) were used. Eight groups received intravenous injection of 30 mg/kg of leptophos or 40 mg/kg of TOCP (four groups in each). Among them, three groups which received leptophos were given (p.o.) predonisolone (2 mg/body), vitamin B complex (25 mg/body) or both 3 h after OPs injection and then every day for 15 d (one group for each); the same treatment was performed on three groups which received TOCP. The remaining one group served as controls. It was observed that delayed neuropathy induced by OPs could not be resisted completely by the treatment with prednisolone or vitamin B complex, but clinical signs of OPIDN and pathological changes in hens that received these two protective agents after OPs were less severe than those in hens that received only OPs. Of these groups, the improvement in clinical signs was best shown in hens that received the both two protective agents. In addition, improvement in clinical signs among the hens that did not deteriorate to paralysis was observed. In particular, those which developed mild ataxia recovered well. It is indicated that combining administration of prednisolone and vitamin B complex early before clinical signs are manifest is effective in alleviating neuropathy. It is also suggested that recovery or good prognosis will be expected, as long as progression of the clinical signs is prevented before paralysis develops in delayed neuropathy.     

苯作业工人维生素B1、B2、C需要量的探讨

中国医学科学院营养系1962年制定了14种作业人员保健膳食初步草案[1],但对苯作业工人的营养问题研究不多.维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C有改善苯作业工人机体的解毒代谢过程,促进骨髓再生的作用.1997年8～10月,我们参考Kline与Eheart的饱和试验法[2]对马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司煤焦化公司苯回收车间50名志愿者进行了维生素B1、维生素B2和维生素C需要量的研究.