犬逆行灌注心不停跳心脏手术中血浆心钠素及降钙素基因相关肽变化

目的 :探讨经冠状静脉窦逆行灌注心脏不停跳方法对体外循环术中心肌保护的效果。方法 :1 6只健康杂种犬随机分为实验组 (浅低温逆行灌注心不停跳组 )与对照组 (中度低温心停跳组 ) ,每组 8只。体外循环 (CPB) 1 5 0分钟。于 6个时点采静脉血 ,检测血浆心钠素 (ANP)及降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)。结果 :两组 CPB期间 ANP及 CGRP与 CPB前比较均有不同程度升高 ,实验组 ANP及 CGRP较对照组升高快 ,ANP在再灌注 30分钟达峰值 ,CGRP在 CPB结束达峰值 ,实验组与对照组 ANP在 CPB中各时点均有非常显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,实验组与对照组 CGRP在 CPB中各时点均有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :ANP及 CGRP可作为 CPB过程中检测心肌保护效果的敏感指标 ;心脏不停跳法有利于 ANP及 CGRP的合成和释放 ,具有较佳的心肌保护效果     

犬逆行灌注心不停跳心脏手术中血浆心钠素变化

目的 :探讨经冠状静脉窦逆行灌注心脏不停跳方法对体外循环术中心肌保护的效果。方法 :16只健康杂种犬随机分为实验组 (浅低温逆行灌注心不停跳组 )与对照组 (中度低温心停跳组 ) ,每组 8只。体外循环 (CPB) 15 0分钟。于 6个时点采静脉血 ,检测血浆心钠素 (ANP)。结果 :两组CPB期间ANP及CGRP与CPB前比较均有不同程度升高 ,实验组ANP较对照组升高快 ,ANP在再灌注 30分钟达峰值 ,实验组与对照组ANP在CPB中各时点均有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :ANP可作为CPB过程中检测心肌保护效果的敏感指标 ;心脏不停跳法有利于ANP的合成和释放 ,具有较佳的心肌保护效果。     

逆行灌注心脏不停跳联合瓣膜置换术中血浆心钠素和内皮素的变化

目的 :探讨逆行灌注心脏不停跳联合瓣膜置换术对心肌保护的效果。方法 :30例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣及主动脉瓣联合病变的患者随机分为实验组 (浅低温逆行灌注心不停跳组 )与对照组 (中度低温心停跳组 ) ,每组 15例。体外循环 (CPB) 15 0min。于 6个时点采静脉血 ,检测血浆心钠素 (ANP)及内皮素 (ET)。结果 :实验组 :转机后 ANP持续升高 ,逆灌开始 6 0 m in至CPB后与 CPB前比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。对照组 :ANP在阻断主动脉后 90 m in至 CPB后与 CPB前比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。实验组与对照组转机前 ANP比较差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,转机 6 0、90、12 0 min、主动脉开放30 min及 CPB后实验组较对照组升高明显 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。实验组 :转机后 ET持续升高 ,逆灌开始 90 min至 CPB后与 CPB前比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。对照组 :ET在阻断主动脉后 6 0 min至 CPB后与 CPB前比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。实验组与对照组转机前 ET比较差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,转机 6 0、90、12 0 min、主动脉开放 30min及 CPB后对照组较实验组升高明显 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :逆行灌注心脏不停跳联合瓣膜置换术有利于ANP的合成及释放 ,减少     

体外循环心脏不停跳心内手术对皮质醇及ACTH影响的实验研究

目的 :探讨比较体外循环心脏不停跳手术及心脏停跳手术对皮质醇及促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH)影响的差异。方法 :将2 0只健康山羊分为实验组 (浅低温实验组 )与对照组 (中度低温对照组 ) ,进行体外循环 (CPB) ,分别于 8个时点采血 ,采用放射免疫分析法检测皮质醇及 ACTH水平。结果 :两组在 CPB过程中皮质醇及 ACTH均有不同程度的升高 ;对照组的皮质醇及ACTH升高更明显 ;对照组的皮质醇在转机 30 min至停机 1 0 m in各时点均较实验组高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,对照组的 ACTH在转机6 0 min至停机 1 0 min各时点均较实验组高 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :体外循环心脏不停跳手术对皮质醇及 ACTH的影响可能较心脏停跳手术小     

逆行灌注心不停跳心脏手术血浆降钙素基因相关肽变化研究

目的　探讨经冠状静脉窦逆行灌注心脏不停跳方法对体外循环术中心肌保护的效果。方法　 2 0例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣病变患者随机分为实验组 (浅低温逆行灌注心不停跳组 )与对照组 (中度低温心停跳组 ) ,每组 10人。体外循环 (CPB) 15 0分钟。于 6个时点采静脉血 ,检测血浆降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)。结果　两组CPB期间CGRP与CPB前比较均有不同程度升高 ,实验组CGRP较对照组升高快 ,在CPB结束达峰值 ,实验组与对照组CGRP在CPB中各时点差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　CGRP可作为CPB过程中检测心肌保护效果的敏感指标 ;心脏不停跳法有利于CGRP的合成和释放 ,具有较佳的心肌保护效果。     

逆行灌注心脏不停跳心脏手术犬血浆降钙素基因相关肽的变化

目的 :探讨经冠状静脉窦逆行灌注心脏不停跳手术对犬降钙素基因相关肽的影响。方法 :将 1 6只健康杂种犬随机分为浅低温逆行灌注心不停跳组 (实验组 )与中度低温心停跳组 (对照组 ) ,每组 8只。体外循环 (CPB) 1 5 0 m in。于 6个时点采集静脉血 ,检测血浆降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)。结果 :两组 CPB期间 CGRP与 CPB前比较均有不同程度升高 ,实验组 CGRP较对照组升高快 ,在 CPB结束达峰值 ,实验组与对照组 CGRP在 CPB中各时点比较差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1或 P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :CGRP可作为 CPB过程中检测心肌保护效果的敏感指标 ;心脏不停跳手术法有利于 CGRP的合成和释放 ,具有较佳的心肌保护作用     

逆行灌注心脏不停跳联合瓣膜置换术中内皮素的变化

目的　探讨逆行灌注心脏不停跳联合瓣膜置换术对心肌保护效果。方法　将 30例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣及主动脉瓣联合病变的患者随机分为实验组 (浅低温逆行灌注心不停跳组 )与对照组 (中度低温心停跳组 ) ,每组 15例 ,体外循环 (CPB)15 0min。于 6个时点采静脉血 ,检测血浆内皮素 (ET)。结果　转机后ET持续升高 ,逆灌开始 90min至CPB后与CPB前比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。对照组阻断主动脉后 6 0min至CPB后与CPB前比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。实验组与对照组转机前比较差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,转机 6 0、90、12 0min ,主动脉开放 30min及CPB后对照组较实验组升高明显 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　逆行灌注心脏不停跳联合瓣膜置换术减少了ET的合成及释放 ,可能具有较好的心肌保护效果     

体外循环心脏不停跳心内手术对RAAS影响的实验研究

目的 :研究体外循环 (CPB)心脏不停跳手术及停跳手术对肾素 -血管紧张素 -醛固酮系统 (RAAS)影响的差异。方法 :将 2 0只健康山羊分为实验组 (浅低温不停跳组 )与对照组 (中度低温停跳组 ) ,进行 CPB,分别于 8个时点采血 ,采用放射免疫分析法检测肾素 (PRA)、血管紧张素 (A )和醛固酮 (Aldo)水平。结果 :两组在 CPB过程中 PRA、A 和 Aldo均有不同程度的升高 ;对照组升高更明显 ;对照组的 PRA、A 在转机 90 min至停机 10 m in各时点均较实验组高 (P <0 .0 1) ,对照组的Aldo在转机 6 0 min至停机 10 min各时点均较实验组高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :CPB心脏不停跳心内手术对 RAAS的影响可能较停跳心内手术小     

心脏停跳和跳动下二尖瓣置换术病人心肌TNF及线粒体的变化

目的　寻求更好的心肌保护方法和准确评价心肌保护的手段。方法　随机将 2 0例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣置换者分为浅低温心脏跳动中 (不停跳 )组和中低温心脏停跳 (停跳 )组 ,各 10例。测定血浆和心肌组织TNF含量和心肌线粒体体视学定量分析。结果　①血浆TNF ,除不停跳组在术后 48h、7d外 ,两组内各时点与其术前比较 ,均有明显升高 (P <0 0 1) ;两组间比较 ,在主动脉 (或上下腔静脉 )开放后 3 0min、术后 2、6h等 3个时点的含量 ,不停跳组均低于停跳组 (P <0 0 5 )。②心肌TNF ,两组内各时点与其术前比较 ,含量不停跳组仅术后有明显升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而停跳组术中、术后均有明显增高 (P <0 0 1) ;两组间比较 ,术中、术后含量不停跳组均低于停跳组 (P <0 0 5 )。③体视学指标分析 :面数密度 (NA)和比表面 (δ)停跳组较不停跳组下降 ,而平均直径 ( D)明显增大 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。结论　提示浅低温体外循环心脏跳动中心内直视术对心肌损伤较轻 ,可能与减少了心肌TNF的产生 ,是一种具有较好心肌保护作用的手术方式     

心脏跳动中二尖瓣替换术对心肌保护的临床研究

目的 旨在为浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视手术对心肌保护效果作进一步客观的评价。方法 连续40例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣病变患者随机分为不停跳组（n=20）,停跳组（n=20）。两组均分别于体外循环前、后抽取静脉血测定血浆内皮素（ET）、心钠素（ANP）和切取右心房少许心肌组织作细胞超微结构进行对比分析。结果 停跳组ET、ANP波动范围大、变化剧烈,而不停跳组ET、ANP变化相对平缓、稳定,与停跳组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）;开放即刻至开放24 h停跳组ANP值高于不停跳组（P〈0.05）;在心肌超微结构方面,不停跳组基本无变化,停跳组各时点呈现损伤逐渐加重趋势。结论 浅低温体外循环心脏跳动中心内直视手术是一种较接近生理状态的心肌保护方法,能减轻心肌缺血缺氧损伤,避免再灌注损伤,保持心肌细胞形态结构的完整性,而获得较理想的心肌保护效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.