长沙市5124人糖尿病流行病学调查

长沙市５１２４人糖尿病流行病学抽样调查表明：糖尿病（ＤＭ）和糖耐量低减（ＩＧＴ）标化患病率分别为３．０６％和３．９６％，且随年龄增加而升高；≥６５岁组ＤＭ和ＩＧＴ均高达１２．６６％；男女ＤＭ患病率无明显差异，ＩＧＴ女性高于男性；新诊断的ＤＭ患者７８．８％无症状；ＤＭ组和ＩＧＴ组的ＢＭＩ，标准体重百分数，腰围，臀围及腰围／臀围值均较正常对照组高；从消瘦到肥胖其患病率依次递增；ＤＭ组及ＩＣＴ组的平均收缩压明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），平均舒张压亦较正常对照组高（Ｐ＜０．０５），而两组间血压无统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果提示，年龄、体重及血压等是糖尿病患病的重要影响因素。     

湖北部分地区Ⅱ型糖尿病患病情况及其相关因素

对湖北省部分地区２５～７０岁的９４５０名居民进行了Ⅱ型糖尿病－非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）及糖耐量低减（ＩＧＴ）患病情况的流行病学调查。结果表明：２５～７０岁ＮＩＤＤＭ患病率为２．６２％,ＩＧＴ患病率为４．４８％,男女性别的ＮＩＤＤＭ与ＩＧＴ患病率差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）,城乡ＮＩＤＤＭ患病率差异无统计学意义,但ＩＧＴ患病率差异有极显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＮＩＤＤＭ和ＩＧＴ的患病率均随着年龄增高而升高,ＮＩＤＤＭ和ＩＧＴ患病率还与糖尿病家族史、高血压病史和高体重指数有关。     

山东省糖尿病流行病学研究──Ⅰ.描述性研究

为了解山东省糖尿病（ＤＭ）患病情况，以分层整群随机抽样方法对２０２２８人进行了调查。结果发现：总患病率为１０．９３‰（９５％ＣＩ９．４９‰～１２．３５‰），其中胰岛素依赖型ＤＭ占４．５％，非胰岛素依赖型ＤＭ占９５．５％；ＤＭ总患病率随年龄递增，≥３０岁为２４‰，≥６０岁达５５．６‰；城市、海岛、沿海患病率高于农村（Ｐ＜０．０１，ＯＲ＝５．４３）与工矿（Ｐ＜０．０５，ＯＲ＝１．６９）；渔民、半渔民、干部患病率高于工人、农民及其他职业（Ｐ＜０．０１，ＯＲ＝４．５９）；不同受教育程度患病率差异显著，文盲组显著高于其余各组（Ｐ＜０．０１，ＯＲ＝２．３３）；男、女患病率未见统计学差异。调查中新发现病人占病人总数的３３．５％，其中农村高达５１％。     

山东省糖尿病流行病学研究：I.描述性研究

为了解山东省糖尿病（ＤＭ）患病情况，以分层整群随机抽样方法对２０２２８人进行了调查。结果发现：总患病率为１０．９３‰（９５％ＣＩ９．４９‰￣１２．３５‰），其中胰岛素依赖型ＤＭ占４．５％，非胰岛素依赖型ＤＭ占９５．５％；ＤＭ总患病率随年龄递增，≥３０岁为２４‰，≥６０岁达５５．６‰；城市、海岛、沿海患病率高于农村（Ｐ〈０．０１，ＯＲ＝５．４３）与工矿（Ｐ〈０．０５，ＯＲ＝１．６９）；渔民、半渔民、     

广西农村经济改革区10763人口中糖尿病及糖耐量低减调查报告

１９９３年对广西玉林地区１０７６３人口中糖尿病患病率进行调查，结果表明，糖尿病（ＤＭ）及糖耐量低减（ＩＧＴ）分别为２４．６２‰和３０．３５‰（标化），超重者的ＤＭ及ＩＧＴ患病率明显高于非超重者。提示热带糖尿病特点可能已发生变化，其原因可能与生活方式改变、生活节奏加快、营养结构改变、超重者增加有关，与气候的影响无关。     

广州地区铁路机关在职职工糖尿病患病率的调查

目的 了解铁路在职职工的糖尿病（ＤＭ）流行病学特点,探讨ＤＭ发病的相关因素。方法 对１６０１名铁路机关在职职工进行ＤＭ及糖耐量减低（ＩＧＴ）的患病率调查。结果 ＤＭ及ＩＧＴ患病率分别为４．１２％和７．５６％,标化率为３．６２％和５．３７％;男女ＤＭ及ＩＧＴ患病率无差异;新诊断ＤＭ的比例（８１．８２％）明显高于已确诊者;有ＤＭ家族史者ＤＭ患病率明显高于无家族史者,但ＩＧＴ两者无差异;ＤＭ及ＩＧＴ组体重指数（ＢＭＩ）、腰臀围比（ＷＨＲ）、收缩压（ＳＢＰ）、舒张压（ＤＢＰ）、血尿酸（ＵＡ）、血胆固醇（Ｔｃｈ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）均显著高地正常血糖组;ＤＭ及ＩＧＴ中吸烟、饮酒、嗜甜食、高蛋白高脂肪饮食者明显多于正常血糖组,而进行运动者较正常血糖组少。结论 铁路机关在职职工的ＤＭ患病率较高,年龄、肥胖、高血压、不良的生活习     

NIDDM血管病变与血浆内皮素、6-酮-前列环素F_(1α)、血栓素B_2的关系

目的探讨ＮＩＤＤＭ病人血管病变与血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）、６－酮－前列环素Ｆ１α（６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α）、血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）的关系。方法应用放射免疫法测定ＮＩＤＤＭ病人血浆ＥＴ、ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α的变化。结果ＮＩＤＤＭ无血管病变组与ＮＩＤＤＭ合并血管病变组ＥＴ、ＴＸＢ２均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１），有血管病变组ＥＴ、ＴＸＢ２明显高于无血管病变组（Ｐ＜０．００１）、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α明显低于无血管病变组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论血浆ＥＴ、ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α的改变可反映内皮细胞的损伤程度，提示可能存在糖尿病血管并发症。     

牡丹江市农村居民糖尿病流行病学研究

目的：了解４０岁以上人群糖尿病（ＤＭ）的患病情况。方法：根据ＷＨＯ诊断标准，采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定血糖。结果：（１）ＤＭ患病率１３．７３％，糖耐量低减（ＩＧＴ）患病率了７．８４％；（２）ＤＭ和ＩＧＴ患病率随年龄、体质指数（ＢＭＴ）、腰臀比值（ＷＨＲ）增长而增加；（３）ＤＭ和ＩＧＴ组的血压均高于对照组Ｐ〈０．０５；（４）有阳性家族史ＤＭ患病率是阴性史的３．２６倍；（５）ＤＭ患中４７．２６％已出     

岳阳市糖尿病流行病学调查结果分析

本文报道了岳阳市糖尿病流行病学调查情况。共调查２１６５人，其中城市１１９７人，农村９６８人，结果表明：标化后糖尿病（ＤＭ）和糖耐量低减（ＩＧＴ）患病率分别为２．９９％和０．５４％，且随年龄增长而增加，城市组ＤＭ和ＩＧＴ患病率明显高于农村组，女性ＤＭ患病率高于男性，ＩＧＴ无性别差异，城市组空腹及服糖后２小时血糖，胰岛素及血脂明显高于农村组。     

糖尿病患者血浆丙酮酸与脂肪代谢的关系

本文采用酶荧光法测定正常人和糖尿病患者血浆丙酮酸，并对丙酮酸和酮体（β－羟丁酸、乙酰乙酸等）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、空腹血糖（ＦＰＧ）糖化血红蛋白（ＨｂＡ１）进行相关性分析，结果糖尿病组血浆丙酮酸明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１），其中Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血浆丙酮酸又高于Ｉ型糖尿病患者（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ⅱ型糖尿病患者中肥胖者的丙酮酸明显高于非肥胖者（Ｐ＜０．００１）。Ｉ型糖尿病患者血浆丙酮酸与ＴＧ呈负相关（ｒ     

Domestic abuse on women in China before, during, and after pregnancy

Background Some researchers found that partner-perpetrated physical violence increased in frequency and severity during the postpartum period compared with the antenatal period, however, limited data exists describing abuse of women in China. The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of abuse in China before, during, and after pregnancy, and explore possible factors related to abuse. Methods A community-based face-to-face survey of a representative group of women who had a child aged 6 to 18 months in 32 communities of Tianjin, Liaoning, Henan, and Shaanxi provinces was carried out between November 1,2001 and February 28, 2002. Results The prevalence of domestic abuse (emotional, sexual, or physical) occurring in any period (before, during, or after pregnancy) was 12.6%. The prevalence of abuse during the approximate 9 months of pregnancy (4.3%) was relatively lower compared with the prevalence of abuse during the 12 months before pregnancy (9. 1%) and after delivery (8.3%) during the mean 11-month postpartum period studied. Abuse before pregnancy was a strong risk factor for abuse during pregnancy and abuse after pregnancy, and abuse during any previous period was a strong risk factor for subsequent abuse. Many women who suffered abuse of any kind generally experienced multiple acts over time and most acts were not severe. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the factors associated with abuse during pregnancy included women previously witnessing domestic violence, a poor relationship with the panner, socioeconomic level, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Conclusions It is necessary to do in-depth training and to raise awareness of panner abuse among all health professionals. Routine screening of abuse in maternity clinics is advocated to decrease the adverse impact of abuse on women and fetuses.     

新疆阿合奇县居民常见慢性病患病现状及影响因素

目的 了解新疆阿合奇县柯尔克孜族居民主要慢性病的患病情况及其影响因素,为该地区居民慢性病的预防和控制提供给理论依据。方法 选取新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州阿合奇县2020年参与全民健康体检的≥18 岁柯尔克孜族常住居民作为调查对象,采用新疆全民健康体检问卷对调查对象进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测,通过Logistic回归模型分析主要慢性病患病情况及其影响因素。结果 共纳入21 935人,有10 602人患慢性病,慢性病患病率为48.33%,其中高血压4 929例、患病率22.47%,肥胖4 238例、患病率19.32%,血脂异常3 610例、患病率16.46%,贫血1 632例、患病率7.44%,2型糖尿病1 236例、患病率5.63%。高血压、肥胖、血脂异常和2型糖尿病患病率随着年龄的增长而增长,贫血患病率随着年龄的增长而降低（均P<0.01）。高血压、血脂异常和2型糖尿病的患病率男性高于女性,肥胖和贫血的患病率女性高于男性,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,30~<40岁（OR=1.836,95%CI：1.565~2.034）,40~<50岁（OR=2.916,95%CI：2.613~3.255）,50~<60岁（OR=5.244,95%CI：4.651~5.913）,≥60岁（OR=10.866,95%CI：9.533~12.385）,政府机关人员（OR=1.789,95%CI：1.405~2.279）,专业技术人员（OR=1.774,95%CI：1.372~2.295）,办公人员（OR=1.923,95%CI：1.418~2.607）,偶尔饮酒（OR=1.157,95%CI：1.055~1.270）,偶尔锻炼（OR=1.498,95%CI：1.238~1.812）均是患慢性病的危险因素。结论 新疆阿合奇县居民慢性病患病率处于较低水平,当地相关健康机构加大对多发慢性病的健康教育宣传和中青年女性贫血的防控。     

Heredity factor in myopia development among a sample in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Background  Development of myopia among young children is often contributed to the refractive status of the parents. This study was conducted to determine whether myopia can be inherited across the generation among a sample in the Klang Valley. Three generations involved are: G1 (grandparents), G2 (parents) and G3 (children).

Methods  Sixty-two families were screened and forty families were selected to participate in this study. The inclusion criterion is having at least one myopic member in any of the three generations. Subjects (G2) were first asked to fill up a questionnaire form before their refractive status was determined by clinical examination that provided acuity of 6/6 or better. Refractive status of G1 was determined using information from the questionnaire while for G2 and G3 through clinical examination.

Results  Generally, the prevalence of myopia is seen to increase throughout the generations from G1 being the lowest (25.6%) to G3 being the highest (41.1%). Strong genetic influence can be found between G1 and G2 as majority of myopes in G2 is when both parents were myopic. However, although the prevalence of myopia increased from G2 to G3, there was no strong genetical influence. Majority of subjects in G3 were non-myopes when both their parents were myopic.

Conclusion  Parental history accounts for a limited proportion of variance in myopia development.

     

Present epidemic situation of liver alveolar echinococcosis in Gansu Province, China

Echinococcosis is a common parasitic zoonosis in the west of China. Two types, cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are respectively caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. As early as the 1960s, AE, simply named alveococcosis, was successively reported in Qinghai, Xinjiang and Gansu, and then in Ningxia,     

桂林市≥15岁城乡居民精神分裂症流行病学调查

目的：了解桂林市≥15岁城乡居民精神分裂症的患病水平和分布特征。方法：2007年7～12月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取桂林3个城区和3个县4 410名≥15岁的居民为调查对象进行入户调查。以中国疾病预防控制中心精神卫生中心提供的中文版的复合性国际诊断问卷（CIDI 3.0）为筛查工具,以国际疾病及相关健康问题分类第10版（ICD-10）为诊断标准。结果：完成调查3 783人,调查完成率为85.78%。桂林市城乡居民精神分裂症总时点患病率为0.85%,终生患病率为0.93%。精神分裂症终生患病率,女性为0.92%,略低于男性的0.93%,差异无统计学意义（P=0.974）;城市（1.13%）高于农村（0.84%）,差异无统计学意义（P=0.395）;壮族精神分裂症终生患病率（1.54%）高于汉族（0.88%）,差异无统计学意义（P=0.206）。精神分裂症终生患病率在不同婚姻状况之间患病率差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。结论：精神分裂症已成为桂林突出的公共卫生问题,应针对其开展防治与康复研究工作。     

Epidemiology of pterygium in aged rural population of Beijing, China

Background Pterygium is a common ophthalmic disease and an important public health problem. It may be affected by many factors such as age, gender, ultraviolet radiation exposure, and time spent outdoors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pterygium and evaluate the risk factors for the development of pterygium in the aged rural population of Beijing. Methods The investigation is a population-based cross-sectional study. Participants from 198 villages of 13 suburban districts, aged 55-85 years old, were invited to complete a medical record, and 37 067 individuals were taken external ocular and fundus photos at Beijing ocular disease survey in 2008-2009. The information was uploaded by Internet and diagnosed with stages and grades by ophthalmological specialists. The prevalence, stages and grades of pterygia were observed. Results Of the 37 067 individuals, 1395 （3.76%） had pterygium. There was a significantly higher prevalence in male （5.13%） than in female （3.17%, P=0.000）. The prevelence rate increased obviously with ages （X2=7.939, P=0.019） in rural Beijing. The average prevalence of 5.91% in Daxing and Fangshan districts with low latitude and low precipitation was significantly higher than that in Miyun and Huairou districts with high latitude and deep precipitation （3.17%, P=-0.000）. The majority of the pterygia （43.5%） were in active stage and 46.5% pterygia involved pupil area corneas. Conclusions There is a statistically significant association between latitude and precipitation of habitation region and pterygium formation. Solar radiation, especially ultraviolet exposure represents a significant environment hazard to pterygium development.     

呼和浩特地区高血压患病率与血脂和血糖的相关性研究

目的 调查呼和浩特地区人群高血压的患病情况与血脂、血糖的关系,为健康管理提供理论依据.方法 内蒙古自治区人民医院体检中心进行健康体检的690例31～94岁的健康人群为研究对象,检测血压、血脂全项、空腹血糖,并行12导联心电图检查,分析血脂、血糖与高血压患病率之间的关系.结果 该地区人群高血压患病率为37.8％,显著高于其他地区人群高血压患病率（P＜0.05）.高血压患病率随甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、空腹血糖的升高以及心率增快而升高,随高密度脂蛋白水平降低而升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 呼和浩特地区人群高血压患病率较高,高血压患病率与TC、TG、血糖异常升高以及心率增快密切相关,应加强该地区人群的血糖、血脂、静息心率的系统化健康管理,以控制该病的发生率.     

河南省武陟县2010—2019年人间布鲁菌病流行特征

目的 分析2010—2019年河南省武陟县人间布鲁菌病（简称布病）流行特征,为布病防治提供科学依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法,对2010—2019年报告《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》的病例和武陟县疾病预防控制中心收集的布病病例流行病学个案调查及相关资料进行分析。结果 2010—2019年武陟县累计报告人间布病437例,2010—2014年布病发病数迅速上升,2014年达到高峰102例,2014年之后总体呈下降趋势。发病以30~69岁的中老年为主,占79.41%（347/437）,男女之比为3.37∶1;其中3—7月报告病例居多,占58.58%（256/437）;职业以农民为主,共409例,占93.56%（409/437）;感染途径以传统的饲养放牧发病最多,占43.02%（188/437）;发病到确诊时间间隔中位数2019年最短为9 d。结论 饲养放牧和处理胎羔是武陟县布病主要的传播途径,食用乳肉制品感染布病逐年增加,应继续开展布病防治健康教育宣传、临床医生培训,切实控制人间布病疫情、缩短发病到确诊时间间隔中位数,加强区域联防、部门协作、畜间免疫、健康教育、淘汰病畜是控制疫情蔓延的有效措施。     

桂林市≥15岁城乡居民精神疾病流行病学调查

目的:了解桂林市≥15岁城乡居民各类精神疾病的患病水平和分布特征.方法:2007年7～12月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取桂林3个城区和3个县4 410名≥15岁的居民为调查对象进行入户调查.以中国疾病预防控制中心精神卫生中心提供的中文版的复合性国际诊断问卷(CIDI3.0)为筛查工具,以国际疾病及相关健康问题分类...