战争条件下介入救治骨盆骨折合并大出血的可行性研究

目的:探讨在战争条件下,野战心血管急重症救治方舱救治骨盆骨折合并大出血的可行性。方法:构建骨盆骨折合并大出血的动物模型,在野战心血管急重症救治方舱内,通过超声检查、血管介入影像诊断、栓塞等手段对战争条件下可能的骨盆骨折合并大出血实行模拟救治。结果:实验动物成功构建骨盆骨折合并大出血模型,完成B超快速筛查、血管造影诊断后,明胶海绵栓塞止血成功。结论:应用野战心血管急重症救治方舱介入救治骨盆骨折合并大出血是可行的,可以在战争条件下骨盆骨折合并大出血的救治中发挥重要作用。     

野战心血管急重伤症救治方舱的构成与作用

我们研制的野战心血管急重伤症救治方舱（简称救治方舱）,可采用微创介入法综合快速救治心血管急重伤症,使心血管急重伤症的诊治靠前。该救治方舱既可单独完成作业功能,又可整合到战役卫勤快速支援系统中,拓展了战役系统的救治功能。现将救治方舱的构成与主要作用报告如下。     

野战心血管急重伤症救治方舱的展开与收治简介

野战心血管急重伤症救治方舱（救治方舱）是我科新研制的介入手术医疗装备口],具有空气净化,氧、水供应和滤毒等功能。它既可作为战时战役卫勤快速支援系统心血管急重伤的救治模块,又可与战役卫勤快速支援系统整合,成为野战方舱医院的一个医疗功能舱。救治方舱作为独立的救治模块,具有较好的机动性与实用性。现将救治方舱作为独立救治模块时的展开与收治介绍如下。     

野战心血管急重伤症救治方舱在伤员救治中的作用

信息化条件下局部战争,要求卫勤保障体系具备保障范围广、机动性强、承担仟务量大的能力.目前,我军战时卫勤保障体系主要以"战役卫勤快速支援系统"为主,其主要设备由野战医疗方舱等卫勤保障装备组成.野战医疗方舱虽在多样化军事任务中发挥了重要作用,但仍存在不足[1].对平战时出现的心血管急重伤伤员,现有野战医疗方舱缺乏相应的救...     

创伤性颅底骨折致口鼻大出血的血管内治疗

目的 探讨颅底骨折致口鼻大出血的救治策略.方法 回顾分析14例严重颅底骨折伴口鼻大出血患者,入院即行气管切开或气管插管,保证呼吸道通畅,抗休克同时送入介入室行颈动脉造影,找到出血血管,然后通过介入栓塞手段行血管内栓塞止血.结果 全组14例患者口鼻腔出血经栓塞后均及时成功止血,未出现栓塞后并发症.恢复良好10例,重残3例,死亡1例.重残及死亡均与脑外伤有关.结论 保持呼吸道通畅、维持有效血压后紧急行血管内介入栓塞止血能有效提高颅底骨折致口鼻大出血休克的抢救成功率,特别为合并脑创伤患者的成功抢救提供了保证.     

介入血管栓塞术在严重多发伤致失血性休克患者中应用体会

笔者回顾性分析2013年10月~2014年12月收治的19例严重多发伤致失血性休克患者的临床资料,入院后患者积极行动脉血管造影,应用明胶海绵或钢丝栓将相应血管栓塞,本组16例出血部位明确后予以选择性或超选择性动脉栓塞;3例骨盆多发骨折患者未明确出血部位,予以经验性行双侧髂内动脉栓塞。所有患者经介入栓塞后血压逐渐稳定,其中有7例积极抗休克治疗的同时再次急诊行开腹探查,救治成功率100%,随访患者治疗效果满意。介入血管栓塞技术操作简便、准备时间短、损伤小、止血效果良好,在严重多发伤致失血性休克患者中应用,可有效提高患者抢救成功率,可为危重患者创造手术的条件。     

动脉性肾出血的急诊介入栓塞治疗

目的：探讨动脉性肾出血急诊造影的不同表现及介入栓塞治疗方法与疗效。方法对87例经保守治疗无效的动脉性肾出血患者行急诊肾动脉造影,明确出血动脉部位及程度后,使用弹簧圈、丙烯酸微球等栓塞剂行急诊介入栓塞治疗。对急性肾出血的动脉造影表现及栓塞效果进行回顾性分析。结果43例患者动脉造影可见单纯性对比剂外溢,13例为对比剂外溢合并肾动静脉瘘(RAVF);15例为肾假性动脉瘤(RAP),其中包括5例 RAP 破裂合并 RAVF 及1例 RAP 破裂合并肾动脉-肾盏瘘;15例为肿瘤血管出血;1例为肾动静脉畸形(RAVM)。47例患者介入术前行肾动脉 CT 血管造影(CTA)检查。82例患者采用急诊栓塞治疗后血尿完全停止或明显减少,3例肾外伤患者及2例经皮肾镜取石术后患者介入术后仍有持续血尿,行外科手术切除患肾。栓塞术后随诊2年,急诊介入栓塞治疗总有效率为94.25%(82/87),所有患者无严重并发症出现。结论介入栓塞术是治疗急性肾出血的一种有效、安全、微创的方法,可最大限度地保留肾功能;急性肾出血动脉造影表现不一;合理地选择栓塞剂是成功止血的关键;介入术前行肾脏 CTA 检查对肾出血的诊断及治疗有重要价值。     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗肾损伤出血(附72例报告)

目的 探讨超选择性插管肾动脉栓塞治疗肾损伤出血的临床应用价值.方法 72例肾脏损伤出血患者, 采用Seldinger技术,经肾动脉造影明确动脉损伤的部位及程度后,行超选择性插管至出血的肾动脉分支,用明胶海绵或金属弹簧圈进行栓塞.结果 57例闭合性肾损伤1次栓塞后血止53例,2例栓塞后休克得以控制,顺利实施了手术,另2例栓塞后再发出血,经第2次栓塞血止.5例开放性肾损伤和10例医源性肾损伤均经1次栓塞后血止.随访6～72个月,无血尿复发、脓肾、肾性高血压病例.结论 超选择性肾动脉栓塞术,对不同类型的肾损伤出血是一种迅速有效止血手段.     

急诊选择性动脉造影与栓塞在腹部创伤中的应用

目的评价选择性动脉造影与栓塞在腹部创伤中的应用价值。方法对54例腹部创伤行121支血管造影,其中48例行选择性动脉栓塞,6例仅用立止血1～2ku局部灌注。结果121支血管造影中56支血管有损伤表现,52例54支靶血管经栓塞和（或）立止血局部灌注,术后出血停止,有效率96．3％（52／54）。2例栓塞术后手术治疗。18例肾脏损伤栓塞术后1个月作静脉肾孟造影（IVU）检查显示患肾功能正常。结论选择性动脉造影与栓塞治疗对腹部损伤有诊断明确、止血迅速、疗效肯定、并发症少的优点,值得推广。     

医源性肾血管损伤的急诊血管内栓塞治疗

目的评价用介入技术治疗医源性肾血管损伤的安全性和疗效。方法对9例医源性肾血管损伤患者进行了超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗。损伤原因有行肾脏穿刺活检术后5例、血管内介入治疗术后2例、经皮穿刺右肾盂造瘘术后1例、肾脏肿瘤局部切除术后1例。临床表现有失血性休克7例、患侧剧烈腰痛7例、血尿8例;CT和超声波检查发现肾脏周围血肿8例。栓塞材料用微型钢丝圈7例、普通钢丝圈2例,同时用聚乙烯醇微球5例、用明胶海绵碎粒2例。结果选择性肾动脉造影显示肾实质内动静脉瘘6例、假性动脉瘤2例、肾实质血管破裂对比剂外溢1例。本组9例均栓塞成功;治疗结束时复查造影显示异常血管消失,正常分支保留。7例失血症状明显者,栓塞后经给予补充血容量、失血症状迅速改善;7例剧烈腰痛者,术后2～4d腰痛消失;血尿8例,术后2～14d消失。术后原有肾功能不全加重3例、新出现肾功能不全2例,其中2例接受血液透析治疗。超声复查显示肾周围血肿于2～4个月逐渐吸收。随访6～78个月(平均38个月),4例死于原发疾病,5例健在、未再针对肾脏损伤进行外科或介入治疗,未再发生出血,血肌酐、尿素测定属正常范围。结论经导管选择性肾动脉分支栓塞术是治疗医源性肾脏血管损伤的安全、有效方法。     

损伤性肾出血的介入治疗

目的探讨介入超选择性肾动脉造影及栓塞治疗经保守治疗无效的肾损伤出血的临床价值方法2006年5月至2011年12月收治76例肾脏损伤出血患者,采用肾动脉造影.明确肾动脉损伤的部位及程度,采用明胶海绵或弹簧圈对出血动脉行超选择性栓塞治疗。结果 76例患者经超选择插管明胶海绵颗粒或金属弹簧圈栓塞后均能有效止血,栓塞后造影显示出血动脉中断闭塞,肾动脉出血征象消失术后1～3 d肉眼血尿消失。随访未再次发生出1血情况.未见继发性肾功能损害发生。结论对保守治疗无效的肾损伤出血患者,介入性超选择肾动脉栓塞治疗疗效确切,发全有效,能最大限度的降低肾功能损害。     

In vivo cardiovascular catheterization under real-time MRI guidance

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that cardiac and coronary catheterization can be successfully performed under real-time MR guidance using a conventional x-ray angiographic catheter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cardiac and coronary catheterization was conducted on eight farm pigs using a real-time True FISP sequence. A pigtail catheter was used for both left- and right-heart catheterizations performed on all eight animals, while an Amplatz or Judkins catheter was used for the right coronary catheterization that was attempted on five animals. The intravascular devices were visualized by means of their native susceptibility artifacts. For right coronary artery catheterizations, 25% diluted gadolinium (Gd) contrast material was injected to confirm engagement of the right coronary artery. RESULTS: Cardiac catheterization of both the right- and left-heart chambers was successfully performed in all eight pigs. In addition, right coronary catheterization was successfully completed in four of the five pigs in which it was attempted. The procedure time for cardiac catheterization was one minute, while the time range required for coronary catheterization was 32-91 minutes. CONCLUSION: This work demonstrates that MRI-guided cardiac catheterization using conventional X-ray angiographic catheters is feasible; however, coronary catheterization with this passive-tracking technique is limited.     

小儿双腔右心室的影像检查

目的：探讨X线胸片、超声、心导管、心血管造影对双腔右心室诊断价值。材料与方法：选择13例经手术证实为双胜右心室的病例，并均有X线胸片、超声、心导管及心血管造影资料，对这四种影像检查进行分析对照。结果：X线胸片无特征性改变，超声正确率仍较低，心导管、心血管造影正确率高于超声。结论：双腔右心室术前确诊应选择心导管及心血管造影检查。     

Pseudoaneurysm and renal arteriovenous fistula after nephrectomy: two cases treated by transcatheter coil embolization

Pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas of renal arteries are rare clinical lesions. Invasive renal procedures may lead to pseudoaneurysm or arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). We report two pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistula cases that were treated by transcatheter embolization with metallic coils. The first case is left main renal artery pseudoaneurysm after nephrectomy in a patient with a solid renal tumor. The second case is right main renal artery AVF with giant pseudoaneurysm after both gunshot injury and nephrectomy. On the basis of color Doppler sonography and computed tomography (CT) findings, cases were diagnosed as pseudoaneurysm after nefrectomy. Contrast-enhanced CT scans showed a hyperdense area within the hematoma consistent with pseudoaneurysm. Endovascular treatment with coil embolization succeeds to total occlusion in renal artery pseudoaneurysm. Delayed hemorrhage related to postnephrectomy may be life-threatening conditions because of diagnostic difficulties. AVF and pseudoaneurysm can be treated safely and successfully by transcatheter arterial embolization.     

血管内栓塞治疗肾脏良性血管性病变

目的探讨选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗肾脏良性血管病变的临床价值。方法收集2008年3月至2011年7月肾脏良性血管病变患者27例,其中肾损伤12例(外伤8例,医源性损伤4例),肾血管畸形10例(动静脉畸形5例,动静脉瘘3例,动脉瘤2例),肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤3例,多囊肾2例。27例中,血尿19例,腹部疼痛15例,腰部酸痛3例,低血压休克3例。术前均进行CT或MRI检查明确诊断。采用Seldinger技术穿刺行股动脉插管,先行肾动脉造影,了解病变性质、部位、范围、程度及血供情况,然后超选择插管至病变处,进行栓塞治疗。栓塞方法及栓塞剂的种类、剂量根据病变性质、造影表现及插管具体位置进行选择。术后随防1～36个月。结果 27例患者均由肾动脉参与病变供血。介入治疗后所有患者临床症状消失。随访中,除1例多囊肾患者栓塞后2个月又出现血尿外,其余患者均无相关临床症状复发,CT显示栓塞满意。结论血管内栓塞治疗肾良性血管性病变安全有效、创伤小、并发症少,并能最大程度地保护肾功能,是可靠的治疗方法。     

创伤性肾破裂出血的动脉栓塞治疗

目的 研究创伤性肾破裂出血在保守治疗无效情况下进行动脉栓塞的造影表现及栓塞方法。方法 本组５例均为男性,年龄１２～２９岁,病人均有明确外伤史。主要临床症状：剧烈腹痛,血尿或咖啡色尿,心率加快,血压下降,其中３例出现失血性休克。５例病人在栓塞前都进行了肾动脉造影证实诊断。栓塞材料以自身凝血块为主,加用明胶海绵。结果 ５例病人经栓塞后,临床症状很快得到缓解。血压均在１２h内恢复正常水平;血尿和腹痛均在     

Internal mammary artery injury following subclavian vein catheterization

Inappropriate puncture of the internal mammary artery caused by subclavian vein puncture is a rare but potentially lethal complication. We report a case of 45-year-old woman with internal mammary artery injury following subclavian vein catheterization successfully treated by transcatheter arterial embolization using coils.     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗肾损伤出血临床应用

目的 研究创伤性肾出血在保守治疗无效情况下进行动脉栓塞的造影表现及栓塞方法。方法 采用超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗25例肾损伤患，所有病人在栓塞前都进行肾动脉造影证实诊断。栓塞材料用明胶海绵加金属钢圈。结果 24例病人经栓塞后，临床症状很快得到缓解，1个月后进行静脉尿路造影检查，伤侧肾功能恢复。1例栓塞后仍持续性血尿行肾切除。结论 对创伤性肾出血病人，采用肾功脉栓塞具有止血效果好、能最大限度保护肾功能、减少并发症，是一种治疗肾损伤的安全有效方法。     

Embolization of iatrogenic renal hemorrhage following percutaneous nephrostomy

Renal bleeding of iatrogenic origin was diagnosed in three patients with massive hematuria. Although percutaneous nephrostomy was the initial injury in all cases, the angiographic presentation was very variable. All cases were successfully managed with arterial embolization, using different techniques. Symptoms regressed totally in all patients avoiding surgical intervention.     

Alteration of renal blood flow during sequential embolization of the canine kidney

Experimental embolization of the renal artery with cross-linked dextran (CLD) microspheres was performed in 6 dogs. The blood flow was monitored by electromagnetic flow meter (EM) in 3 dogs and by video dilution technique (VDT), adapted to an angiographic digital subtraction system, in a second group of 3 dogs. Retrograde flow in the embolized renal artery was detected by 99Tcm microspheres. Sequential emboli produce a predictable and equal flow response with both measuring techniques. Thus, the less invasive VDT can be used in the clinical setting to optimize and control embolization procedures. This type of flow monitoring has great potential in alerting the angiographer when approaching the risk level for retrograde flow.