一次性闭合高负压引流系统在腮腺肿瘤手术中的应用

目的:探讨一次性闭合高负压引流系统在腮腺肿瘤手术中的应用方法及效果。方法:将58例腮腺肿瘤手术患者随机分为对照组25例和实验组30例,对照组术后采用传统负压引流瓶进行引流,实验组术后采用一次性闭合高负压引流系统进行创口引流,比较两组患者涎瘘、面神经损伤发生率及引流量、住院时间。结果:两组涎瘘发生率及住院时间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:一次性闭合高负压引流系统应用于腮腺肿瘤手术患者术后创口引流,可降低涎瘘发生率,缩短患者住院时间。     

乳腺癌改良根治术后两种引流装置引流效果的比较研究

目的研究一次性负压引流器和一次性高真空负压引流瓶两种不同引流装置在乳腺癌改良根治术中的医疗和护理应用价值。方法选择乳腺癌手术后引流患者60例,传统组30例应用一次性负压引流器,改进组30例应用一次性高真空负压引流瓶,比较两种引流效果。结果改进组术后使用止痛剂人数少于传统组,术后72h引流量高于传统组,皮下积液发生率低,术后拔除引流管时间、术后拆线时间、术后出院时间提前,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论一次性高真空负压引流瓶与一次性负压引流器相比较,能够降低皮下积液发生率,减少患者带管时间,使患者舒适感增加;缩短住院天数;使患者使用更安全、放心;护士操作省时、简便。     

乳腺癌术后高负压真空引流系统应用的体会

目的：观察比较乳腺癌术后使用高负压真空引流与使用一次性负压引流预防术后皮下积液及皮瓣血运不良的效果。方法2011年1月～2012年10月本科共治疗乳腺癌患者205例,术后按使用高负压真空引流与一次性负压引流进行分组,使用高负压真空引流患者95例,使用一次性负压引流患者110例,分别记录术后皮下积液、皮瓣坏死发生情况并进行数据统计分析。结果使用一次性负压引流组发生皮下积液26例（23.6%）、皮瓣血运不良7例（6.4%）,使用高负压真空引流组发生皮下积液9例（9.5%）、皮瓣血运不良2例（2.1%）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论乳腺癌术后使用高负压真空引流比一次性负压引流可有效降低术后并发症发生。     

乳腺癌改良根治术后两种引流装置引流效果的比较研究

目的 研究一次性负压引流器和一次性高真空负压引流瓶两种不同引流装置在乳腺癌改良根治术中的医疗和护理应用价值.方法 选择乳腺癌手术后引流患者60例,传统组30例应用一次性负压引流器,改进组30例应用一次性高真空负压引流瓶,比较两种引流效果.结果 改进组术后使用止痛剂人数少于传统组,术后72 h引流量高于传统组,皮下积液发生率低,术后拔除引流管时间、术后拆线时间、术后出院时间提前,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 一次性高真空负压引流瓶与一次性负压引流器相比较,能够降低皮下积液发生率,减少患者带管时间,使患者舒适感增加;缩短住院天数;使患者使用更安全、放心;护士操作省时、简便.     

两种负压引流装置用于甲状腺术后引流的效果比较

目的探讨两种负压引流装置用于甲状腺术后引流的效果。方法选择2007年12月至2008年12月在我科行甲状腺手术的患者120例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组60例。实验组采用自制负压引流瓶术后引流,对照组采用一次性负压吸引球术后引流,比较两组患者术后恢复的相关指标。结果实验组置管时间、皮下积液、切口感染率均较对照组明显减少（P〈0.01）,实验组患者舒适度较对照组明显提高（P〈0.01）。结论自制的负压引流装置可以缩短引流时间,避免术后并发症的发生,促进切口早期良好愈合。     

真空负压引流在乳腺癌改良根治术中的应用

目的:研究真空负压引流装置在乳腺癌改良根治术中的应用效果。方法:收集江苏省苏州市立医院东区乳腺癌患者140例,随机分为实验组和对照组,各组70例。实验组应用真空负压引流装置,对照组使用传统的负压引流。对比两组皮下积液、皮瓣坏死、切口感染情况及拔管时间。结果:实验组皮下积液及切口感染发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组拔管时间早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:乳腺癌改良根治术后使用真空负压引流装置可减少术后并发症的发生率,提高患者的舒适度,值得推广。     

两种负压引流装置用于甲状腺术后引流的效果比较

目的探讨两种负压引流装置用于甲状腺术后引流的效果。方法选择2007年12月至2008年12月在我科行甲状腺手术的患者120例．随机分为实验组和对照组,每组60例。实验组采用自制负压引流瓶术后引流,对照组采用一次性负压吸引球术后引流,比较两组患者术后恢复的相关指标。结果实验组置管时间、皮下积液、切口感染率均较对照组明显减少（P〈0．01）,实验组患者舒适度较对照组明显提高（P〈0．01）。结论自制的负压引流装置可以缩短引流时间,避免术后并发症的发生,促进切口早期良好愈合。     

高负压引流在乳腺癌改良根治术中的应用与护理

目的 探讨一次性闭合高负压引流系统在乳腺癌根治术后创面引流中的临床应用效果及护理方法.方法 对40例乳腺癌患者术后采用一次性闭合高负压引流系统(德国pfm医疗公司)(实验组),40例乳腺癌术后患者采用传统负压引流球引流(对照组),比较2组患者术后皮下积液、皮瓣坏死的发生率.结果 对照组出现皮下积液14例,皮瓣坏死6例,实验组出现皮下积液3例,皮瓣坏死1例.2组在皮下积液、皮瓣坏死等方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 一次性闭合高负压引流用于乳腺癌术后创面的引流,减少了皮下积液及皮瓣坏死的发生,明显提高了患者的舒适度,缩短了住院时间.     

自制负压引流装置在腮腺术后的应用

目的 探讨负压引流在腮腺手术后的应用.方法 30例腮腺患者术后均采用自制的负压引流装置用于术后引流.结果 所有患者术后切口均一期愈合.面部肿胀轻微,感觉舒适.无一例涎瘘发生.结论 自制的负压引流装置用于腮腺术后的引流,效果良好,值得临床上推广使用.     

优力舒弹力绷带在腮腺肿瘤术后的应用

目的 评价优力舒弹力绷带在腮腺肿瘤术后的应用护理效果.方法 将腮腺肿瘤术后患者208例随机分为优力舒弹力绷带组和普通绷带组各104例,两组都在术后3d拔除负压引流管,分别采用优力舒弹力绷带和普通绑带加压包扎7d,比较两组涎瘘及其他不适反应发生率、患者感觉舒适度及换药次数等.结果 舒弹力绷带组比普通绑带组涎瘘发生率少,不适反应少,平均换药次数少,患者感觉舒适度高,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 腮腺肿瘤术后应用优力舒弹力绷带并发症少,舒适度高,值得推广应用.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.