男性胃癌患者血清性激素水平的变化

目的探讨性激素在男性胃癌发病中的意义.方法采用放射免疫分析法检测32例男性胃癌患者及30例同年龄男性健康体检者血清中的雌二醇(ESTRADIOL,E2)、睾酮(Testosterone,T)及泌乳素(Prolactin,PRL)水平.结果胃癌组血清E2、T、PRL分别为41.81±5.53pg/ml、813.36±47.57ng/dl、14.35±1.52ng/ml,胃癌组血清E2、T明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),而PRL明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论男性胃癌的发生可能与性激素代谢失衡有一定的关系.     

催乳素对子宫腺肌症发病影响的实验研究

目的探讨催乳素(PRL)在子宫腺肌症(adenomyosis,AM)发病机制中的临床意义。方法采用时间分辨荧光免疫法检测63例AM患者手术前、后血清PRL水平和血清CA125水平。同时,随机抽取63例同期手术治疗的子宫肌瘤患者作为对照组。结果AM组患者术前血清PRL和CA125均值分别为(53.17±15.62)ng/ml和(49.67±12.84)U/L,明显高于子宫肌瘤组的(14.23±3.76)ng/ml和(10.34±2.98)U/L,各组均数间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后2个月,AM组患者血清PRL和CA125均值分别降为(14.78±4.77)ng/ml和(9.13±1.91)U/L,较术前明显下降,各组均数手术前后其差异具有极显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。对照组患者其手术前、后PRL和CA125均值变化较小,各组均数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与CA125相比,PRL在AM发病中起着更为重要的作用,PRL和CA125的联合检测有助于对AM的诊断和治疗的监测。     

原发性不孕患者血清性激素水平及临床价值

目的探讨原发性不孕患者血清性激素水平及临床价值。方法选取2014年1月至2015年1月检测血清性激素的原发性不孕患者62例,并选取同期体检正常者57例,分别设为观察组与对照组。检测患者月经卵泡期、排卵期、黄体期空腹血性激素水平。比较两组患者各项性激素水平及不同生理期性激素水平差异。结果观察组黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡生成素(FSH)与对照组比较显著降低,观察组PRL与对照组比较显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)水平比较差异均未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。卵泡期,观察组P、FSH、T、PRL及E2水平与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。排卵期,观察组LH、P、FSH、T及E2水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。黄体期,观察组PRL、LH及P与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论女性性激素水平与原发性不孕相关,可为临床诊治提供依据。     

血清催乳激素与抗心磷脂抗体联合检测在子宫内膜异位症诊断中的应用

目的探讨联合检测催乳激素(PRL)和抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)在子宫内膜异位症(EMS)诊断中的应用价值。方法将90例EMS患者按美国生育学会(AFS)修正的分期法分为轻度组(Ⅰ/Ⅱ期)41例和重度组(Ⅲ/Ⅳ期)49例,以10例正常生育年龄妇女做为对照组。采用时间分辨荧光免疫法检测血清PRL,ELISA法检测血清ACA。结果(1)EMS轻度组和重度组血清PRL水平及ACA阳性率分别为(642.60±419.69)u/ml、(647.97±289.76)u/ml和63.4%、71.4%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。(2)轻度组血清ACA阳性率34.1%,显著高于重度组和对照组(P<0.05)。结论联合检测血清PRL和ACA,有助于EMS的诊断和分期。     

调节激活正常T细胞表达及分泌因子和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1在急性冠状动脉综合征中的作用及诊断价值

目的探讨单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP1)、调节激活正常T细胞表达及分泌因子(RANTES)在急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)中的作用及诊断价值。方法对临床确诊的48例ACS患者及32名正常对照采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清MCP1和RANTES的含量。结果ACS患者组血清RANTES的含量[(37.97±24.89)ng/ml]明显高于正常对照组[(29.28±15.68)ng/ml,P<0.05]。ACS患者血清MCP1含量为(175.28±144.82)pg/ml,正常对照组为(199.08±112.66)pg/ml,两组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论MCP1及RANTES都不是理想的心肌损伤标志物。     

慢性肝病与肝癌患者性激素水平变化的临床意义

目的 探讨性激素变化与慢性肝病、肝癌发生发展的关系.方法 应用放免分析法对128例慢性肝病(慢性肝炎92例、肝炎肝硬化23例、肝硬化并发肝癌13例血清中睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)和催乳素(PRL)等进行了测定.结果 慢性肝炎重度、肝硬化、肝硬化并发肝癌各组血清T含量明显低于慢性肝炎轻度组及正常对照组(P＜0.05);血清E2含量与慢性肝病、肝癌及正常对照组间比较无明显差异(P＞0.05),但是,随着慢性肝炎向肝硬化、肝癌进展,慢性肝炎重度、肝硬化、肝硬化并发肝癌各组血清E2/T、E2/PRL水平明显高于慢性肝炎轻度组及正常对照组(P＜0.05;P＜0.01).结论 慢性肝病T水平降低及E2、PRL水平升高与肝功能损害程度相关.     

男性胃癌患者血清性激素含量的变化及意义

目的:探讨男性胃癌患者血清性激素含量的变化及意义。方法:采用放射免疫分析技术,测定40例男性胃癌患者、40例正常男性和40例男性慢性浅表性胃炎病人的睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)水平。结果:胃癌患者及慢性浅表性胃炎病人的血清T和E2水平显著低于正常对照组(P<0.01);男性胃癌患者中年龄≥60岁的与年龄<60岁的血清T和E2水平测定比较下降差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:男性的T、E2水平在胃癌发病过程中有重要意义。     

克氏综合征患者血清性激素的改变及临床意义

目的探讨血清性激素睾酮(testosterone,T)、促黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、促卵泡刺激素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、泌乳素(prolactin,PRL)和雌二醇(estradiol,E2)在克氏综合征患者中的改变及临床意义。方法选取2014年10月至2018年12月在上海长海医院生殖中心就诊的染色体核型为克氏综合征男性患者65例为试验组,同期染色体核型正常不育男性90例为对照组,应用电化学发光法检测血清性激素水平(T、LH、FSH、PRL和E2),比较两组差异性。结果克氏综合征患者T降低、LH、FSH升高(P 0.05);两组PRL、E2差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清性激素T、LH和FSH联合检测可作为克氏综合征患者重要检测指标,为克氏综合征的早期诊断提供参考价值。     

不同甲状腺功能状态对大鼠血清瘦素水平的影响

目的:探讨甲状腺功能低下和甲状腺功能亢进时甲状腺激素对大鼠血清瘦素水平影响。方法:应用他巴唑和优甲乐人工造成大鼠甲状腺功能低下和甲状腺功能亢进状态,分别检测用药10天、停药10天和正常对照大鼠血清瘦素、T_3、T_4、TSH浓度、体重。结果:甲低、甲亢和正常对照组大鼠组血清瘦素与体重均有相关性(P<0.05),相关系数分别0.84、0.94、0.83;去除体重因素,甲亢组、停药10天组和正常对照组相比,血清瘦素(分别为2.04±0.21ng/ml、2.05±0.24ng/ml、2.14±0.46ng/ml)水平无明显差别(P>0.05),而甲低组血清瘦素(0.68±0.07ng/ml)水平显著低于停药10天组(1.98±0.11ng/ml)和正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论:甲状腺素对血清瘦素的分泌起一定的促进作用。     

生长刺激表达基因2蛋白与动脉粥样硬化及脑梗死发病的关系研究

目的 探讨生长刺激表达基因2蛋白(growth stimulationexpressed gene 2,ST2)水平与动脉粥样硬化及脑梗死发病的关系。方法 选取脑梗死患者100例,其中患者心功能I～II级43例,III～IV级57例。健康体检者80例为对照组,检测所有研究对象血清ST2水平,应用颈动脉多普勒彩色超声检查颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(intimal-medial wall thickness,IMT)。结果 脑梗死组ST2水平和IMT明显高于正常对照组(t=12.385～15.374,均P<0.05)。脑梗死患者有斑块组血清ST2水平58.74±5.81 ng/ml,颈动脉内膜1.89±0.41 mm。无斑块组ST2水平18.31±3.38 ng/ml,颈动脉内膜1.12±0.31 mm。两组差异有统计学意义(t=37.614～21.531,均P<0.05)。心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级脑梗死患者组ST2水平22.53±2.95 ng/ml,心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级脑梗死患者组ST2水平65.32±3.65 ng/ml,两组差异有统计学意义(t=55.148,P<0.05)。结论 血清ST2水平与颈动脉粥样硬化关系密切,可作为脑梗死及有无动脉粥样硬化发生的检测指标。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.