309名高中生MMPI测查结果分析

为研究高中学生这一群体的心理状态及存在的心理问题,应用明尼苏达多项个性测查表(MMPI)调查了309名高中生。结果发现男生Pt、Sc、Ma、Si量表原始分,女生Pt、Sc、Pa量表原始分明显高于中国常模原始分。随年龄增大及年级增高Pt、Sc、Pa、Ma量表分升高。Pt、Sc、Pa、Ma为超划界分量表,表明高中学生存在着相当多的心理状态偏离和明显的心理问题。     

SCL-90信度效度检验和常模的再比较

目的　重新检验SCL 90的信度、效度和常模资料。方法　对杭州市 4 5 2 6名中学生、社区成年人及 6 0岁以上老年人进行SCL 90的心理测量。结果　①SCL 90总量表的同质性信度为 0 97,各分量表的同质性信度在0 6 9以上 ,重测信度大于 0 7,内容效应和结构效应也较好 ;②SCL 90各因子分与 1986年全国常模相比有变化 ,中学生、老年人的因子分明显高于 1986年全国常模。结论　SCL 90在正常人群中有较好的信度和效度 ,但要重新制订不同职业和不同年龄人群的常模 ,并在使用过程中参考有针对性的常模。     

中学教师生活质量的相关因素分析

目的 探讨中学教师的生活质量状况及影响生活质量的相关因素.方法 采用生活质量量表(WHO-QOL-100)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)及自制一般项目调查表对济南市9所中学的800名教师进行调查.结果 中学教师生活质量在生理领域、心理领域、社会关系领域、一般健康状况和生活质量的评分低于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.23～-6.83,P<0.05).多因素分析结果 表明,中学教师生活质量主要影响因素为生活质量满意度、PSQI总分、SAS总分、SDS总分、居住条件满意度、月平均家庭经济收入和健康状况.结论 中学教师生活质量低于普通人群,生理、心理和社会经济状况是影响中学教师生活质量的主要因素.     

冠心病、高血压患者的生活满意度与心理健康水平相关研究

目的 探讨老年冠心病、高血压患者的生活满意度和心理健康水平。方法 运用生活质量调查表和症状自评量表（SCL-90）测量患者的生活满意度及心理健康水平，并进行相关分析。结果 老年冠心病、高血压患者的生活满意度较低，并与SCL-90各因子分呈负相关。结论 老年冠心病、高血压患者的生活满意度明显低于健康老年人，躯体疾病、经济收入、医疗保健对心理健康水平有明显的影响。     

冠心病、高血压患者生活满意度与心理健康水平相关研究

目的：探讨老年冠心病、高血压患者的生活满意度和心理健康水平。方法：运用生活质量调查表和症状自评量表（SCL－90）测量患者的生活满意度及心理健康水平，并进行相关分析。结果：老年冠心病，高血压患者的生活满意度较低，与SCL－90各因了分呈负相关。结论：老年冠心病，高血压患者的生活满意度明显低于健康老年人，躯体疾病，经济收入，医疗保健对心理健康水平有明显的影响。     

某高寒区试验部队军人心理健康及个性与行为反应的相关性研究

目的探讨某高寒区试验部队军人心理健康状态及个性心理，并与行为反应进行相关分析。方法采用SCL-90症状自评量表，艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和行为反应测评表对466名军人进行调查。结果部队军人SCL-90中有5个因子均分与常模比较有显性差异，EPQ各维度中17～19岁和20-29岁组E分高于常模，17～19岁组N分增高。SCL-90各因子分、EPQ各维度与行为反应有高度的相关性。结论应激水平及个性特征与心理健康密切相关，并影响行为特征的表现及发挥。     

综合医院神经内科住院患者心理状态与人格特征的相关性

目的探讨综合医院神经内科住院患者心理状态与人格特征的关系。方法以150例神经内科住院患者为研究对象,利用艾森克人格问卷和症状自评量表测查心理状态和人格特征。结果神经内科住院患者的艾森克人格问卷中神经质维度分高于中国常模,内外向和精神质两维度分低于中国常模（P〈0.05）;症状自评量表中总分、躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧、精神病性因子分均高于中国常模（P〈0.05）;艾森克人格问卷中神经质维度与症状自评量表各因子均呈正相关,内外向维度与敌对、偏执两因子呈正相关,精神质维度与偏执因子分呈正相关。结论综合医院神经内科住院患者急性期的心理状态特点为躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐惧和精神病性因子分高于正常人群,强迫、偏执心理状态与正常人群相当,情绪不稳定、内倾的人格特点可能为其人格基础。     

卒中后非痴呆认知障碍患者疾病应对方式和心理幸福感的研究

目的探讨卒中后非痴呆性认知障碍(cognitive impairment no dementia,CIND)患者疾病应对方式和心理幸福感现状。方法采用特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)和3个心理幸福感测评量表,即流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)、生活满意度指数A(LSIA)及SF-36健康状况调查量表对60例CIND患者进行测量。结果卒中后CIND患者积极应对因子分、抑郁得分均高于常模(P<0.01),其SF-36生理健康综合评分(63.22±9.48)分,心理健康综合评分(56.61±8.02)分,其中,身体功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、整体健康状况、活力、社交功能、情感职能以及精神健康8个维度得分均明显低于健康人群,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);生活满意度(4.60±3.53)分,属于低水平。结论卒中后CIND患者较多的采用积极应对方式,但心理幸福感显著降低,主要表现在抑郁症状较高、生活满意度和生活质量较低。因此,临床医护人员应早期识别卒中后CIND患者,并给予相应的心理干预措施,提高其心身健康。     

颈髓损伤并四肢瘫痪患者的社会支持、心理状态和生活质量之间的关系

目的 分析颈髓损伤并四肢瘫痪患者的社会支持、心理状态和生活质量之间的关系.方法 选取我院近三年来收取的90例颈髓损伤并四肢瘫痪患者,采用问卷调查方式对患者的社会支持、心理状态和生活质量进行评估,分别采用社会支持量表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)及生活质量量表评估,评估三者间的关系.结果 本组患者社会支持总平均分(40.56±5.89)分,SCL-90量表总平均分(172.48±26.89)分,生活质量总平均分(58.84±6.36)分.社会支持总分与心理状态呈负性相关(r=-0.541,P＜0.05),社会支持与生活质量呈正相关性,心理状态与生活质量呈负性关系(P＜0.05).结论 社会支持、心理状态均会影响颈髓损伤并四肢瘫痪患者的生活质量,注意调动患者的社会支持系统,采用合理的心理护理,可提高患者的生活质量.     

脑卒中患者心理状况与人格特征的相关因素分析

目的探讨脑卒中患者心理状况与人格特征的关系。方法对98例脑卒中患者,利用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)测查心理状况与人格特征。结果脑卒中患者自评量表的总分、躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐惧、精神病性因子分均高于常模,人际关系低于正常人(P<0.05);艾森克人格问卷中神经质维度分高于中国常模,内外向和精神质维度分低于中国常模(P<0.05);艾森克人格问卷中神经质维度与症状自评量表各因子均呈正相关,内外向维度与偏执敌对两因子呈正相关,精神质维度与偏执因子分呈正相关。结论脑卒中患者急性期的心理状态较差,情绪不稳定,内倾的人格特点可能为其人格基础。     

糖尿病性视网膜病变患者的生活质量和幸福度评定及多因素分析

目的探讨糖尿病性视网膜病变患者的生活质量和幸福度等心理状况。方法采用生活质量调查量表和纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表对62例糖尿病性视网膜病变患者进行调查,并选取30例无明显躯体疾病和眼部疾病的同龄老年人做为对照组进行比较分析。结果糖尿病性视网膜病变患者幸福度总分均数通过q检验两两比较,显示三个分组之间均存在有明显的统计学差异(P<0.01或0.05)。生活质量调查结果显示其心理卫生、健康状况、经济收入、生活满意度等因素为主要影响因素。在多元逐步回归分析结果中,个性特点、婚姻状况、病程、医疗条件、治疗效果等5个自变量成为影响病人生活质量及幸福满意度的干扰因素,经检验(P<0.05或0.01)。结论糖尿病性视网膜病变患者存在有明显的心理改变,视力越低,其改变越明显。通过改善躯体健康状况、减少经济负担、增加家庭和社会支持,可改善并提高生活质量。     

某医院离退休老干部的心理健康现状及管理对策

目的 调查某医院离退休老干部心理健康情况,分析其出现不良心理状态的原因及影响因素,以此提出一系列有效的解决对策.方法 选择2015年8月~2016年4月居住在北京市多家干休所的某医院380名离退休老干部作为研究对象,采用SCL-90量表进行心理健康状态评估,并比较不同年龄和疾病状态的老干部的心理状态.结果 医院离退休老干部会出现各种心理问题,老年组躯体化、强迫、精神病、人际关系、偏执等因子分与常模比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).除偏执、恐惧因子外,老年组与中年组各项因子评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).老年组在外住院者与非住院者恐惧、躯体化因子评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 医院离退休老干部会出现不同程度的心理问题,其心理健康状况与年龄、病情存在一定的相关性,因此,离退休老干部需要接受心理诊断和相应的治疗.     

Sleep: a marker of physical and mental health in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and recognition of common sleep-related problems and their relationship to health-related quality-of-life measures in the elderly. METHOD: A total of 1,503 participants with a mean age of 75.5 (+/- 6.8, range: 62-100) years from 11 primary care sites serving primarily elderly patients were interviewed. Subjects completed a five-item sleep questionnaire and the SF-12. A Physical Component Summary (PCS-12) and Mental Component Summary (MCS-12) score was calculated. A systematic medical chart review was conducted to determine whether sleep problems were identified by the healthcare providers. RESULTS: A total of 68.9% of patients reported at least one sleep complaint and 40% had two or more. Participants most commonly endorsed (45%) that they had "difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or being able to sleep." The number and type of sleep problems endorsed was associated with both physical and mental health quality-of-life status. Excessive daytime sleepiness was the best predictor of poor mental and physical health-related quality of life. Even when all five sleep questions were endorsed, a sleep complaint was only reported in the chart 19.2% of the time. CONCLUSIONS: When elicited, sleep complaints predicted the general physical and mental health-related quality-of-life status in elderly populations with comorbid medical and mental illnesses. Yet, questions regarding sleep are not an integral component of most clinical evaluations. Given the growing evidence of a relationship between sleep and health, identification of sleep disorders could lead to improved management of common age-related chronic illnesses and quality of life of elderly patients.     

Mid-life occupational grade and quality of life following retirement: a 16-year follow-up of the French GAZEL study

Objectives: This article aims to contribute to the literature on life course influences upon quality of life by examining pathways linking social position in middle age to quality of life following retirement in French men and women.

Method: Data are from the GAZEL cohort study of employees at the French national gas and electricity company. A finely grained measure of occupational grade in 1989 was obtained from company records. Annual self-completion questionnaires provided information on quality of life in 2005, measured with the CASP-19 scale, and on participants’ recent circumstances 2002–2005: mental health, physical functioning, wealth, social status, neighbourhood characteristics, social support and social participation. Path analysis using full information maximum likelihood estimation was performed on 11,293 retired participants.

Results: Higher occupational grade in 1989 was associated, in a graded relationship, with better quality of life 16 years later. This association was accounted for by individuals’ more recent circumstances, particularly their social status, mental health, physical functioning and wealth.

Conclusion: The graded relationship between occupational grade in mid-life and quality of life after labour market exit was largely accounted for by more recent socio-economic circumstances and state of health. The results support a pathway model for the development of social disparities in quality of life, in which earlier social position shapes individual circumstances in later life.     

社区康复期精神分裂症患者生活质量及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨社区康复期精神分裂症患者的生活质量及其影响因素.方法 采用SF-36、SSRS、BPRS、TESS、SAS、SDS等量表对120例社区康复期精神分裂症患者(社区患者组)进行评定,并与100例住院精神分裂症患者(住院患者组)及100例正常健康人群(健康对照组)进行对照.结果 (1)社区患者组QOL评分各因子分均显著低于健康对照组(P<0.05);与住院患者组比较,社区患者组在躯体功能,躯体健康所致的角色限制因子分高于住院患者组,而总体健康感和心理健康因子分则低于住院患者组(P<0.05);(2)社区患者组的生活质量总评分(SF-36总分)影响因素分析显示,社会支持少、病程短、年龄轻、无业,独居的患者生活质量差;多因素逐步回归分析显示影响患者生活质量的主要因素依次为BPRS、SSRS、工作、婚姻.结论 社区康复期精神分裂症患者的生活质量全面低下,影响因素是多方面的,在社区康复过程中应予以重视.     

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of multiple sclerosis quality of life questionnaire (MSQOL-54) in a Turkish multiple sclerosis sample

OBJECTIVE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive disease with multiple neurological impairments. The disease can also dramatically affect the health-related quality of life of patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the validation of the translated and cross-culturally adapted MSQOL-54 in 183 Turkish MS patients. METHODS: 183 adults classified as having definite MS patients were enrolled into the study. Patients were classified into four severity groups according to the expanded disability status scale (EDSS); group I (EDSS 0-4), group II (EDSS 4.5-5.5), group III (EDSS 6-6.5) and group IV (EDSS 7-8). MSQOL-54 questionnaire were translated and culturally adapted into Turkish. Associations between age, gender, disease duration, EDSS score, marital status, education and health insurance and the MSQOL-54 physical and mental health composite scores were determined. RESULTS: The mean age of the 183 patients (138 female and 45 male) was 39+/-10 years. The questionnaire was well accepted but small cultural adaptations were required. EDSS scores showed significant associations with the MSQOL-54 physical and mental health composite scores. From the different EDSS groups only, the group I (EDSS 0-4) score was significantly associated with the physical health composite as well as the disease duration showed significant correlation with the physical and mental composite scores. None of the other EDSS groups and the other parameters showed correlation with physical health composite or mental health composite. CONCLUSION: Assessment of quality of life of MS patients in addition to disease severity and disability level is important, because it provides unique information that is important to patients and to clinicians. A translation of an existing MS-targeted HRQOL measure from US English into Turkish was easily administered and well accepted in a Turkish MS sample.     

The role of vascular risk factors in late onset bipolar disorder

BACKGROUND: The association between late life depression and cerebro-vascular risk and cerebro-vascular disease is well established. Do similar links exist with late onset bipolar disorder? AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with early onset (less than 60 years of age) bipolar disorder were compared with those of late onset (aged 60 and above) in relation to cognitive function, physical health and vascular risk factors. METHOD: Cross-sectional survey of elderly bipolar disorder patients (above 65 years) involved with secondary care mental health services. Thirty patients with early onset were compared with 20 patients with a late onset bipolar disorder. Diagnosis of bipolar disorder was according to ICD-10 criteria and without an associated clinical diagnosis of dementia. Assessment of cognition included tests of frontal-executive function, and cerebro-vascular risk was quantified with the Framingham stroke risk score. RESULTS: The late onset group had a higher stroke risk score than the early onset group, this difference persisting despite taking age and gender differences into account. However, late onset patients' cognitive function (including frontal lobe tests) and physical health status was no different to the early onset group. CONCLUSION: There is higher 'cerebrovascular risk' in elderly patients with late onset bipolar disorder, compared to patients with an early onset. This suggests that cerebrovascular risk may be an important factor for the expression of bipolar disorders in later life, and has significant management implications for older bipolar patients.     

影响脑外伤后生活质量的相关因素研究

目的探讨影响脑外伤（TBI）后生活质量的相关因素。方法选择52例成年TBI患者,进行生活质量评定与分析。结果TBI患者总体生活质量较一般人群差,独立性、心理健康和躯体健康对生活质量的影响最大。在单因子中,以疼痛不适、消极感受、工作能力等方面尤为突出。受伤原因、受伤后病程、GCS评分、消极应对、积极情感等因子与生活质量有关。结论TBI患者生活质量在生理维度、心理和社会功能的各个方面都显著低于一般人群。成熟的应对方式、积极情感有利于提高生存质量。     

Health-related quality of life among first-degree relatives of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Italy

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was, first, to examine health-related quality of life among relatives of Italian patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and, second, to search for potential predictors of quality of life among these relatives. METHODS: Health-related quality of life was assessed among 64 non-psychiatrically ill family members of 48 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder by using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders were used to assess obsessive-compulsive disorder among the patients. Mean SF-36 scores of participants were compared with expected scores for 2,031 persons from the Italian general population (Italian norms) by using the one-sample t test. Correlates of health-related quality of life were examined by means of independent-sample t tests and Pearson correlations; variables significantly associated with SF-36 subscales were entered into a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with the physical and mental components as dependent variables. RESULTS: Relatives of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder showed a greater impairment in health-related quality of life in the SF-36 subscales of role limitations due to physical health, vitality, social functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health. When a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed with the physical component and the mental component of the SF-36 as dependent variables, female gender, older age, and the total score on the Family Accommodation Scale predicted a poorer score on the physical component, whereas the only predictor of a poorer score on the mental component was the patient's Y-BOCS total score. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides evidence that obsessive-compulsive disorder impairs health-related quality of life among family members of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, even among healthy family members. Involving family members in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder could improve their perceived quality of life.