蓄电池行业铅污染调查分析

[目的]探讨南平市铅作业工人职业性慢性铅中毒情况。[方法]对3家企业作业场所空气中铅浓度测定,以铅作业工人自然排尿铅含量≥0．34pmol／L为观察对象,尿铅含量≥0．58pmol／L诊断为慢性铅中毒病人。[结果]作业场所空气中铅浓度超标率为74．3％(26／35);465名作业工人中铅作业观察对象114例(24．5％),职业性慢性铅中毒50例(10．8％),发病工龄短,空气中铅浓度超标率高的工厂发病率最高达43．3％。[结论]职业健康监护可及早发现铅中毒病人,及时防护可有效控制铅中毒。     

高邮县某乡办冶炼厂铅危害的原因分析

铅冶炼的职业危害是乡镇企业中一个比较严重的劳动卫生问题。本文着重分析年产约3000吨铅绽的某乡办冶炼厂车间空气铅浓度和铅中毒发病关系,为铅冶炼业的防治提供依据。 对象和方法 以1977～1985年间,受检的173名铅作业工人为调查对象,以诊断的50例铅中毒病例作为分析各种发病关系的依据。     

铅作业工人血锌原卟啉值观察

铅中毒是我国目前主要的职业病之一。红细胞内的锌原卟啉(ZPP)浓度可代表铅对造血系统的代谢影响。血中ZPP含量检测方法简便快捷、灵敏可靠,且不受铅污染的影响。世界卫生组织已将ZPP检测列为铅中毒诊断指标之一,我国也将其列为诊断铅中毒的指标。本文以铅作业工人为对象,观察空气铅浓度对ZPP含量的影响,探讨ZPP检测对铅中毒诊断的实用价值。现将结果报告如下。对象与方法1．观察对象:观察对象共160人,按作业环境空气中铅烟浓度分为4组。①对照组:60人,工作中无职业性铅接触史,平均年龄33.5岁(20~52岁),均为血色素指标在13克/Hb以上的健康工人。②低浓度组:54人,工作环境铅烟浓度＜     

某蓄电池企业工人亚急性铅中毒9例回顾分析

[目的]了解南平市某蓄电池厂陆续发生亚急性铅中毒原因,探讨有效的预防措施。[方法]现场调查,结合近5年收治的9例职业性铅中毒临床资料进行分析。[结果]作业场所空气铅浓度超标率达41.7%,作业点超标率为30%,部分作业场所铅浓度超过国家标准的64倍。[结论]南平某蓄电池厂铅污染严重,对工人的健康造成危害,并发生亚急性铅中毒病例,应及时采取有效的综合防治措施,避免中毒的发生。     

某蓄电池有限公司铅危害现状调查

对某蓄电池有限公司工作场所空气中铅尘、铅烟浓度进行检测及铅作业工人进行职业健康检查,结果表明现工作场所空气中铅浓度超标严重,超标率达90%,铅中毒检出率为3.37%。该蓄电池公司铅职业危害严重,建议改进生产工艺,加强设备维修和安装防尘、排毒设施,提高劳动保护意识,降低作业环境空气中铅浓度。 更多还原     

晋江市蓄电池行业职业危害调查

[目的]摸清和掌握晋江市铅作业的职业危害状况,制订防治措施。[方法]对全市6家铅作业企业进行铅浓度检测,对225名劳动者进行职业健康检查。[结果]作业场所铅烟浓度超标率达100%,铅尘浓度平均超标率73.3%。在225名铅作业工人中观察对象57名,慢性铅中毒者8名(14.0%)。[结论]加强对铅作业场所的检测,做好职业健康监护可及早发现铅中毒病人,采取有效防护可以控制,减少铅中毒的发生。     

蓄电池厂工人血铅水平的相关因素研究

目的探讨铅作业工人体内血铅水平的影响因素。方法选择扬州市某蓄电池厂从事涂膏、打磨、铸造、化成、总装、装配等男性铅作业工人130人,采用统一设计的调查问卷,对其吸烟、饮酒等生活和卫生习惯进行调查记录,测定其血铅含量,并对其工作岗位空气中铅浓度进行现场检测。在此基础上,进行相关因素的单因素分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果检测在正常生产时进行,共设检测点32个,合格点4个,合格率12.5%。铅尘最高超过时间加权平均容许浓度(PC-TWA)174倍(叠片岗位),铅烟最高超标17倍(烧焊岗位);工人的平均血铅水平(238.08±6.71)μg/L,范围64.96～505.80μg/L。单因素分析显示工人是否吸烟、饮酒、每天饮水量、进食饮水前洗手习惯和平时所从事体力劳动的强度、工作时空气中的铅浓度高低均可对血铅水平产生一定影响(P<0.20);进一步对铅接触工人铅中毒的危险因素进行多元线性回归分析表明,随着工作场所铅浓度的升高,血铅值也随之升高,吸烟者的血铅值亦比不吸烟者要高。结论该厂的工作场所空气中铅浓度合格率低,工人血铅水平普遍较高;工作场所空气中铅浓度较高和吸烟是工人血铅水平增高的危险因素。     

某市蓄电池企业铅职业病危害现状调查

目的了解某市蓄电池企业铅职业病危害现状。方法对该市4家蓄电池企业进行工作场所空气中铅浓度检测,同时对347名接触铅作业工人进行职业性健康检查。结果工作场所空气中铅浓度超标率达41.7%,接触铅作业工人职业性铅中毒率27.1%。结论该市蓄电池企业铅职业病危害相当严重,已直接损害着工人的身体健康,应及时采取切实有效的综合防治措施。     

某蓄电池厂铅作业工人的职业健康监护情况

目的了解某蓄电池厂铅作业工人的职业危害情况。方法对该厂工作场所空气中铅浓度进行检测，对接触铅作业的工人进行职业健康检查，包括尿铅和血锌原卟啉（ZPP）测定。结果部分工作场所空气中铅浓度超过国家职业卫生标准，铅作业工人中，具有不同程度的神经衰弱症状和消化系统症状。160名铅作业工人中19人尿铅含量超过职业接触限值（≥0．34μmol／L），属于铅中毒观察对象，7人尿铅≥0．58μmol／L，ZPP≥2．91μmol／L，达到慢性轻度铅中毒水平。结论该蓄电池厂的铅作业工人存在明显的职业危害，企业必须采取有效的职业病防治措施，预防控制铅中毒发生。     

某铅酸蓄电池厂作业工人血铅异常情况及危险因素研究

目的 了解河南省某铅酸蓄电池厂作业工人血铅异常情况及主要危险因素,为企业进一步加强职业性慢性铅中毒的防控提供科学依据。方法 以2020年12月在该厂进行职业健康体检的2 550名工人作为研究对象,测定其血铅浓度,通过统一调查表收集工人一般人口学特征资料以及职业史等相关信息,同时对接铅工人经常接触铅尘或铅烟的代表性岗位进行空气中铅浓度检测,运用SPSS 21.0建立数据库并进行统计学分析。结果 5个常年接铅岗位空气中铅浓度都存在超标现象,合格率为12.5%～62.5%。共246人发生血铅异常,血铅异常率为9.64%。非条件logistic回归分析显示：与其他不接触铅的岗位相比,铸板、涂板、分刷片、包片、装配等岗位发生职业性慢性铅中毒的风险分别提高到7.800倍、23.996倍、30.893倍、16.380倍以及18.003倍（P <0.01）;与接铅工龄<1年的作业工人相比,接铅工龄为1～年、2～年、3～年、4～年、5～7年的作业工人发生职业性慢性铅中毒的风险分别提高到12.960倍、17.557倍、19.127倍、25.037倍以及29.096倍（P <0.01）;吸...     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.