食管癌贲门癌切除及食管(管状胃)胃侧侧吻合术

目的探讨食管癌、贲门癌切除、食管(管状胃)胃侧侧吻合术的治疗效果及应用前景。方法共有32例患者行此手术。贲门癌6例、食管癌26例;其中胸下段9例,胸中段12例,胸上段5例。术中按肿瘤手术切除原则常规游离食管及近端胃,切除肿瘤。行主动脉弓下吻合9例,经食管床主动脉弓上吻合10例,左胸左颈两切口4例,右胸顶吻合3例,右胸颈腹三切口6例。22例患者应用管状胃代食管,10例患者应用全胃代食管。行食管胃端端吻合+侧侧吻合术15例;食管胃端侧吻合+侧侧吻合术10例;胸下段食管癌患者行食管管状胃全侧侧吻合术7例。结果本组病例术后分期分别为Ⅱa期9例,Ⅱb期11例,Ⅲ期12例。全部病例手术顺利,术后未出现吻合口瘘,术后2周复查上消化道钡透及胃镜检查均见吻合口通畅、无狭窄,术后随诊0.5～2年不等,均未见吻合口狭窄。结论食管癌、贲门癌切除食管(管状胃)胃侧侧吻合术可降低吻合口并发症尤其是狭窄的发生,值得临床推广。     

食管胃颈部T型全机械侧侧吻合在全腔镜食管癌治疗中的应用

目的 探讨食管胃颈部T型全机械侧侧吻合在全腔镜食管癌根治术中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2014年3月至2015年3月行全腔镜食管癌根治+食管胃左颈部吻合术110例患者的临床资料,其中以颈部管状吻合器吻合的65例患者为对照组,颈部T型全机械侧侧吻合的45例患者为观察组。比较两组术中吻合时间,术后吻合口瘘,术后6个月吻合口狭窄、胃食管反流情况的差异。结果 所有手术均在全腔镜下完成,无围手术期死亡病例。观察组的吻合时间为（16.1±2.5）min,显著低于对照组的（27.5±1.9）min（P=0.000）。观察组的术后吻合口瘘发生率、术后6个月胃食管反流发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。观察组的术后6个月吻合口狭窄的发生率（4.4％）显著低于对照组（24.6％）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.005）。结论 食管胃颈部T型侧侧吻合能缩短术中吻合时间,降低术后6个月吻合口狭窄的发生率,同时不增加吻合口瘘和术后6个月食管胃反流的发生率,是一种值得推广的颈部吻合方式。     

食管癌切除颈部食管胃侧侧吻合术(附18例报告)

目的：探讨食管癌切除、颈部食管胃侧侧吻合术的治疗效果及应用前景。方法：18例中上段食管癌患者行食管癌切除、颈部食管胃侧侧吻合术，并对其临床资料进行回顾性分析术中按肿瘤手术切除原则常规游离食管及近端胃，切除肿瘤，将胃缝缩成管型；取颈部切口，暴露并游离颈段食管；根据手术切口的不同，采取不同径路将管型胃经食管床上提至颈部，将管型胃与颈段食管重叠约5cm，在胃前壁距胃底约5cm处戳一小口，将食管断端切成前长后短的斜行，将切割缝合器的钉槽插入胃内、钉仓插入食管腔，击发缝合并切割，将食管斜行断端与管型胃前壁缝合，形成长约3cm的吻合口；管型胃顶端固定于吻合口上方的颈椎前筋膜，完成颈部食管胃侧侧吻合。结果：本组病例术后分期分别为Ⅱa期（4例）、Ⅱb期（9例）、Ⅲ期（5例），手术径路分别为不开胸颈腹两切口（8例）、右胸颈腹三切口（9例）、左胸颈两切口（1例）、全部病例均手术顺利，术后出现吻合口瘘1例，发生率为5．56％，颈部引流、禁食2周后治愈；全部病例出院前复查上消化道钡透均见吻合口通畅、无狭窄，术后随诊1～5年不等，均未见吻合口狭窄，但有2例患者出现返流性食管炎症状，发生率为11．11％。结论：颈部食管胃侧侧吻合术可有效预防术后吻合口并发症的发生，值得临床推广。     

Ivor-lewis术中胸腔内全机械性食管胃侧侧吻合应用

探讨Ivor-lewis术中胸腔内全机械性食管胃侧侧吻合应用的安全性及效果。方法：自2009年1月至2011年2月在Ivor-lewis食管癌根治术中应用直线型切割缝合器纵向缝合食管胃吻合口后壁,使吻合口后壁延长至3 cm以上,同时应用直线型切割缝合器闭合吻合口前壁,完成食管胃侧侧吻合18例。术后随访观察进食情况,纤维胃镜、造影评估吻合口内径。结果：17例顺利完成胸腔内全机械性食管胃侧侧吻合;术后均无吻合口瘘,切缘无癌残留。术后随访3～24个月,进食通畅,行胃镜检查7例,造影检查15例,1例患者吻合口轻度狭窄,无因吻合口狭窄行内镜扩张,吻合口面积为（2.23±0.35）cm2。结论：Ivor-lewis术中胸腔内全机械性食管胃侧侧吻合应用安全可靠,能够有效改善患者术后吻合口狭窄发生,从而减少因吻合口狭窄行内镜扩张次数,但由于缺乏科学的随机对照研究,因此尚不能明确其是否可以替代传统管型吻合器吻合。     

食管-胃颈部侧侧机械吻合法在三切口食管癌切除术中的应用

背景与目的：左颈、右胸、腹部三切口食管癌切除术的应用日益广泛,但该术式术后颈部吻合口瘘和狭窄的发生率明显高于胸内食管-胃吻合术。本研究旨在探讨食管-胃颈部侧侧机械吻合法在预防三切口食管癌切除术后颈部吻合口瘘以及吻合口狭窄的发生方面的作用。方法：我院2004年1月—2008年2月间收治的71例食管癌患者,均采用经左颈、右胸、腹部正中三切口,二次体位食管次全切除,胸、腹二野淋巴结清扫,食管-胃颈部侧侧机械吻合术,与同期所做的56例手工吻合病例在吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生率方面进行比较,以SPSS11.0软件对结果进行χ2检验。结果：侧侧机械吻合组的吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生率分别为9.9%（7/71）和2.8%（2/71）,均低于手工吻合组的25.0%（14/56）和16.1%（9/56）,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论：使用侧侧机械切割缝合器进行食管-胃侧侧吻合术显著扩大了吻合口直径,故术后吻合口狭窄的发生率可望大大降低。该吻合方法发生瘘及继发狭窄的机会也很小,因此可以作为食管-胃颈部吻合的一个备选术式。     

侧俯卧位胸腔镜食管癌根治术31例临床分析

目的：总结侧俯卧位胸腔镜食管癌根治术的临床经验。方法：回顾性分析2013年9月至2015年6月,我院全胸腔镜治疗的食管癌患者31例。采用全身麻醉,双腔管气管插管,由同一组医师行侧俯卧位胸腔镜游离胸段食管并清扫纵隔淋巴结,开腹游离胃,直线切割缝合器制作管状胃,通过胸骨后路径上提管胃,食管胃左颈部吻合。结果：中转开胸4例,手术时间（4．5±1．8）h,术中出血量（150±60）ml,术后胸腔引流管放置时间（5±3）d,术后住院时间（11±5）d。5例患者术后出现并发症,其中颈部吻合口瘘2例,颈部吻合口狭窄1例,胸腔积液1例,声音嘶哑1例。结论：侧俯卧位胸腔镜食管切除术在技术上是安全、微创、可行的。     

食管胃侧侧吻合的术后护理

目的 探讨食管胃侧侧吻合术后的护理经验.方法 回顾分析2009年8月至2010年9月实施胸腔内食管胃侧侧吻合术61例的临床资料,总结术后护理经验.结果 61例食管胃侧侧吻合术后患者均恢复良好,无吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄发生.结论 通过加强患者病情观察,重视呼吸道管理、引流管护理、营养支持、并发症的预防及管理,加强基础护理,能有效减少食管胃侧侧吻合术后并发症的发生.     

胸内食管胃端侧器械吻合1 555例的经验和体会

目的：总结胸下段食管癌或贲门癌切除术后胸内食管胃端侧器械吻合的经验和体会方法：对1990年1月至2005年6月间行胸下段食管癌或贲门癌切除食管胃端侧器械吻合术共1555例做回顾性分析结果：手术平均耗时2小时40分钟，术后吻合口少量出血24例、吻合口瘘16例、吻合口狭窄32例、胃食管返流110例，发生率分别为1.54％、1．03％、2．06％和7．07％，术后3个月内发生吻合口胸主动脉瘘9例（0．58％），其中手术止血成功4例，死亡5例结论：应用管状消化道吻合器行胸内食管胃端侧吻合术效果可靠，操作方便，易于掌握，值得推广应用，但仍有一定比例的并发症发生，尤其是吻合口胸主动脉瘘，应引起重视     

胸内食管胃端侧器械吻合1555例的经验和体会

目的：总结胸下段食管癌或贲门癌切除术后胸内食管胃端侧器械吻合的经验和体会方法：对1990年1月至2005年6月间行胸下段食管癌或贲门癌切除食管胃端侧器械吻合术共1555例做回顾性分析结果：手术平均耗时2小时40分钟，术后吻合口少量出血24例、吻合口瘘16例、吻合口狭窄32例、胃食管返流110例，发生率分别为1.54％、1．03％、2．06％和7．07％，术后3个月内发生吻合口胸主动脉瘘9例（0．58％），其中手术止血成功4例，死亡5例结论：应用管状消化道吻合器行胸内食管胃端侧吻合术效果可靠，操作方便，易于掌握，值得推广应用，但仍有一定比例的并发症发生，尤其是吻合口胸主动脉瘘，应引起重视     

食管癌行食管与胃开放吻合术预防吻合口瘘105例

目的　对食管癌行胸内不等边食管与胃开放吻合术以预防吻合口瘘进行探讨。方法　对 10 5例接受手术的食管癌进行回顾性分析 ,术式均采用胸内不等边食管与胃开放吻合加浆膜层包埋术。结果　全组病例术后吻合口瘘的发生率为 0。结论　食管癌手术采用胸内不等边食管与胃开放吻合可以有效地预防吻合口瘘的发生。     

Advancce in laparoscopic treatment for gastric cancer

Many laparoscopic surgeries for gastric cancer are presented, including D 2 lymphadenectomy, gastrectomy with preservation of vagus nerve and intracorporeal anastomosis after some gastrectomies. The great advances in laparoscopic treatments in gastric cancer are described.     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术新进展

低位直肠癌在我国发病率逐年上升,严重威胁着人民的健康。外科手术是低位直肠癌最有效的治疗方法,随着对直肠解剖生理和低位直肠癌生物学特点研究的不断深入,低位直肠癌保肛手术得到越来越广泛的应用,尤其腹腔镜技术的应用已成为当前关注的热点问题之一。腹腔镜低位直肠前切除术、腹腔镜低位直肠前切除术联合经肛门括约肌间切除或经肛门直肠脱出外翻等术式是腹腔镜下低位直肠癌切除保肛手术可选的手术方法。消化道重建可选择双吻合器法、手工经肛结肠肛管吻合以及结肠J型储袋成形吻合等方式。各种术式有其特有的适应范围和优缺点,应以优先保证手术根治同时兼顾生活质量为原则合理选择术式。      

Esophagojejunostomy through minilaparotomy after laparoscopic total gastrectomy

Although laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) has been accepted as a surgical option for the treatment of early gastric cancer, laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) has been adopted less often, because a more difficult surgical technique is required for reconstruction. To reduce the technical difficulties, we made some modifications to the functional end-to-end anastomosis technique and performed esophagojejunal anastomosis through a minilaparotomy. First, for easier handling of the esophagus, the first application of the linear stapler to create the esophagojejunal anastomosis was performed before transection of the esophagus. Second, the jejunal limb was anastomosed to the left side of the esophagus, which, compared with the right side, made available more free space, sufficient to operate the stapling device. Third, to close the entry hole and complete the gastrectomy concurrently, a linear stapler was applied through the left lower trocar. With this technique, the closure of the access opening was performed easily and was monitored directly through the minilaparotomy. We successfully performed LTG with Roux-en-Y reconstruction using our modified procedure in seven patients without any anastomotic complications. We believe our procedure is a secure and reliable method for reconstruction after LTG and will facilitate adoption of LTG as a surgical option for patients with early upper gastric cancers.     

食管胃Gambee单层吻合术

本文介绍了食管胃Gambee氏单层吻合方法,该方法具有单层、宽边、多保留粘膜及粘膜下层的特点,具有吻合口各层组织对合准确,血运丰富,吻合牢固,术野清楚,污染轻、操作简便等优点。经临床105例的应用,基本上能控制吻合口瘘及狭窄的发生。     

负压封闭引流技术在四肢血管损伤患者中的应用

目的探讨负压封闭引流技术（vacuum sealing drainage,VSD）在血管损伤患者接受血管吻合后创面应用的治疗效果。方法2011年1月至2013年10月,我院治疗的61例四肢血管损伤患者,通过直接吻合或血管移植进行治疗,其中33例血管吻合口周围创面无法一期关闭,以周围组织覆盖血管吻合口后将VSD应用于血管吻合口周围创面及远端减张创面,而另外28例血管吻合口创面可直接关闭,远端减张创面应用VSD覆盖。结果本组61例中,6例因各种原因而保肢失败,最终截肢治疗,其余55例创面通过游离植皮或者皮瓣而得到关闭,在应用VSD治疗过程中未出现严重不良事件。结论负压封闭引流技术在血管损伤患者中应用可获得良好治疗效果,对血管吻合口以周围组织覆盖后应用持续负压吸引未引发吻合口痉挛或者堵塞。     

改良三角吻合技术在结肠癌腹腔镜右半结肠切除术后消化道重建中的应用

目的 探讨改良三角吻合技术应用于结肠癌腹腔镜右半结肠切除术后消化道重建的可行性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年12月行结肠癌腹腔镜右半结肠切除术并行回肠-结肠三角吻合的135例患者的临床资料,观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后住院天数等指标。结果 135例患者均行腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术,并接受回肠 结肠改良三角吻合。中位手术时间为140 min,中位失血量为50 ml,术后中位排气时间为2天,术后中位住院时间为10天。全组患者均无吻合口瘘、吻合口出血、吻合口狭窄等并发症出现。结论 在结肠癌腹腔镜右半结肠切除术后,行回肠 结肠改良三角吻合术可行性强,安全性高,是理想的消化道重建方式之一。     

Summary of hands-on supermicrosurgery course and live surgeries at 8th world symposium for lymphedema surgery

The hands-on supermicrosurgery course provided participants a valuable learning experience of in-depth practices of supermicrosurgical skills with experts. Seven live surgeries were successfully demonstrated at 8th World Symposium for Lymphedema Surgery. Variable donor sites for vascularized lymph node transfer were the submental, supraclavicular, groin, and omental; while the recipient sites included the wrist and axilla in upper limb; and popliteal and groin in the lower limb. The therapeutic and preventive lymphovenous anastomosis was also satisfactorily performed.     

Anastomotic leakage after colorectal anastomosis

Leakage is a problem largely confined to anastomoses within 6 cm of the anal verge when optimal surgical technique is exercised. At such low levels, most surgeons now use a combination of linear and circular staplers. The Moran Triple Stapling Technique is our chosen method. Most recently, the simultaneous use of two linear staplers to seal the specimen and wash the distal stump is a rapid technique for anastomosis onto the dentate line within the external sphincter. Proximal defunctioning and the short colon pouch with side-to-end colo-anal anastomosis are currently considered optimal. A trial is under way to assess a silastic transanal stent as an alternative. Ultra-low anastomosis, however, remains potentially hazardous and still should be undertaken only by specialists.     

Pancreato‐enteric anastomosis: The duct evagination technique

Pancreatic anastomotic failure remains the most frequent and potentially life‐threatening complication following Pancreatoduodenectomy. Numerous modifications in the technique of the pancreatoenteric anastomosis have been reported. We suggest a simple modification which involves “evaginating” the cut end of the pancreatic duct. This technique helps avoid a compromise of the pancreatic ductal patency, and by achieving a wide pancreatic ductal opening can facilitate a safer pancreato‐enteric anastomosis. In addition, by possibly decreasing the likelihood of post‐operative pancreatic ductal stenosis, it has the potential to reduce post‐Pancreatoduodenectomy pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. The modification acts as an adjunct to an already established technique yielding good results. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:277–278. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Examination of breast conserving therapy in lobular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Experience with conserving surgery for lobular carcinoma has grown as more breast conserving surgeries have been performed. We examined the results of breast conserving therapy in lobular carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined the postoperative positive margin rate, presence or absence of additional surgery, presence or absence of local or systemic recurrence and role of breast helical CT in 25 cases of breast conserving surgery performed at this department from 1991 through June 2003. RESULTS: Among the 303 cases of all breast conserving surgeries, there were 63 case with positive margins (20.8%), but there were 15 of 25 positive margin cases (60.0%) among the lobular carcinoma cases. In 8 of the 15 positive margin cases the technique was changed to mastectomy. One case of recurrence in the breast has been observed thus far. Although the positive margin rate and positive margin rate in infiltrating carcinoma cases tended to decline after the introduction of breast helical CT, the rates remained high. CONCLUSIONS: Since the positive margin rate was significantly high at the time of breast conserving surgery for lobular carcinoma, careful selection of technique based on imaging studies such as breast helical CT and MRI along with careful follow-up is considered necessary.