中药提取物治疗过敏性鼻炎研究现状浅析

论述了过敏性鼻炎的发病机制及免疫学发病机制 ,过敏性鼻炎的非免疫学因素 ,过敏性鼻炎的药物治疗现状 ,抗过敏性鼻炎中药的研究现状等     

过敏性鼻炎与肠道菌群相关性研究进展

肠道菌群与人类代谢健康及疾病风险有关,包括过敏性鼻炎。过敏性鼻炎是一种变态免疫反应性疾病,患者肠道中菌群具有多样性,推测肠道菌群可能参与过敏性鼻炎的发病过程,但机制不清;此外,肠道菌群生态失调也与过敏性鼻炎有关。采用肠道菌群中的益生菌治疗过敏性鼻炎,可使症状明显减轻,但还需要进一步研究其作用机制。通过对两者关联的不断研究,有助于深入了解肠道菌群与过敏性鼻炎之间的关系,为过敏性鼻炎患者的治疗提供新的思路。     

过敏性鼻炎中医辩证及论治

随着现代医学的发展,过敏性鼻炎的病理机制逐渐被解析,治疗上主要是针对过敏性机制采取抗过敏、脱敏等措施;而中医从整体观念出发,采用标本兼固和中医、中药辨证施治为突出特点治疗方法,从而使过敏性鼻炎患者能够得到更好的治疗效果.本文就过敏性鼻炎的中医辨证论治加以论述.     

基于数据挖掘及网络药理学探讨韩斐教授治疗小儿过敏性鼻炎经验

目的 探讨韩斐教授治疗小儿过敏性鼻炎的临床用药规律以及核心药对的潜在作用机制.方法 收集2019年4月至2021年4月于中国中医科学院广安门医院韩斐教授门诊就诊的过敏性鼻炎患儿的初诊处方,建立处方数据库.采用用药频数统计及关联规则算法挖掘韩斐教授治疗小儿过敏性鼻炎的核心药对,并利用网络药理学方法对核心药对的作用机制进行...     

过敏性鼻炎与支气管哮喘

过敏性鼻炎和支气管哮喘是最常见的呼吸道过敏性疾病,其发病率不断上升,过去认为,过敏性鼻炎和支气管哮喘是上、下呼吸道两种独立的疾病.越来越多的研究表明,过敏性鼻炎与哮喘是同一种疾病在上、下呼吸道的不同表现.建议儿科及呼吸科医师将过敏性鼻炎、鼻一鼻窦炎的治疗纳入哮喘病人的治疗方案之中,这将更有益于上、下气道炎性疾病治疗的一致性和协同性.文章就此予以综述.     

隔姜灸对豚草花粉过敏性鼻炎豚鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 观察隔姜灸对过敏性鼻炎豚鼠免疫功能的影响.方法 制备豚草过敏性鼻炎豚鼠模型,以鼻炎滴剂为阳性对照,探讨隔姜灸对豚草过敏性鼻炎豚鼠的治疗作用及免疫调节的可能机制.结果 隔姜灸能提高模型动物血清IL-1的含量和吞噬细胞吞噬功能及溶菌酶的非特导性免疫功能,经统计学处理,两者间差异有显著性意义( P<0.05).结论 隔姜灸对豚草过敏性鼻炎豚鼠免疫功能有增强作用.     

特应性皮炎发病机制的研究进展

特应性皮炎是一种常见的慢性、复发性、炎症性皮肤病。本病的病因及发病机制尚不明确,涉及遗传、免疫、感染、环境等多种因素。最基本的特征是皮肤干燥、慢性湿疹样皮炎及剧烈瘙痒,常伴发过敏性鼻炎和哮喘。由于特应性皮炎的发病率逐年增高,诊断标准多样,治疗具有挑战性,因此成为研究的热点。本文对近几年报道与AD发病机制相关的遗传学及表观遗传学机制,屏障功能障碍、免疫学异常及AD与维生素D及组胺H4受体的最新进展进行综述。     

银川地区过敏性鼻炎患者过敏原检测结果分析

目的 探讨银川地区过敏性鼻炎发病与过敏原的关系,为患者的脱敏治疗及预防提供指导依据.方法 使用生物共振治疗系统对300例过敏性鼻炎进行过敏原检测.结果 300例过敏性鼻炎患者均检测出过敏原,常见的有香草类花粉、螨虫类、动物皮毛、家用或工业毒物等.结论 过敏原检测对过敏性鼻炎的脱敏治疗及预防有指导性作用.     

玉屏风散加味治疗过敏性鼻炎疗效分析

过敏性鼻炎又称变应性鼻炎,我国每年约有2 000万人患病,10％～40％的世界人口在经受过敏性鼻炎的困扰,并且患患者数仍在增加.玉屏风散是临床常用于治疗过敏性鼻炎的复方中药制剂,本研究通过随机、双盲药物临床实验,以评价玉屏风散治疗过敏性鼻炎的临床疗效.     

过敏性鼻炎与支气管哮喘的相关性研究

目的:探究过敏性鼻炎与支气管哮喘的相关性.方法:采用回顾性分析的方法,将该院接受治疗的120例支气管哮喘、58例支气管哮喘伴过敏性鼻炎患者的临床资料进行研究分析,对58例存在鼻部症状患者给予鼻镜以及鼻分泌物涂片嗜酸性粒细胞检查,对于变应原皮试阳性患者给予免疫治疗.结果:支气管哮喘与过敏性鼻炎的主要变应原均为粉室尘螨与花粉.58例过敏性鼻炎伴支气管哮喘均有不同程度鼻粘膜苍白、水肿出现,鼻分泌物涂片嗜酸性粒细胞阳性率达到60.3％,采用免疫治疗后,变应原皮试阳性者的总有治疗效率达到97.1％,仅给予糖皮质激素、酮替芬治疗的患者有效率达到78.3％,差异较大(P＜0.05),统计学有意义.结论:过敏性鼻炎与支气管哮喘的发病诱因、发病机制与病理改变具有一定的相似性,支气管哮喘与过敏性鼻炎很大程度上与遗传、环境及感染因素相关,适当的免疫治疗能够有效控制过敏性鼻炎的发作,降低发展为支气管哮喘管的风险.     

长沙市中小学生变应性鼻炎影响因素分析

目的：通过调查长沙市中小学生过敏性鼻炎患病率,分析其相关危险因素,并提出科学的干预策略。方 法：从2012年1月至4月随机抽取长沙市中小学10~17岁学生为研究对象,采用整群抽样调查方法,通过问卷调查、体 格检查及皮肤点刺实验对其进行流行病学调查,并进行统计分析,探索其相关危险因素。结果：调查了814名中小 学生,过敏性鼻炎的患病率为17.2%。通过对视觉模拟量表(VAS)的统计得出,过敏性鼻炎对学生的性格、记忆力、 睡眠质量等方面的影响具有统计学意义(相关统计值分别为：χ2=30.85,P<0.0001;χ2=19.84,P<0.0001;χ2=10.56, P=0.0012)。结论：长沙市中小学生过敏性鼻炎患病率约为17.2%;过敏性鼻炎的发病与环境、遗传、生活方式有关, 且对学生的性格、记忆力、睡眠质量有显著影响。     

基于肺与大肠相表里的针灸治疗变应性鼻炎肠道菌群研究进展

变应性鼻炎患病率较高,已成为全球性健康问题.针灸治疗变应性鼻炎具有副作用小、远期疗效好的特点,在临床已广泛应用.基于"肺与大肠相表里"理论综述了变应性鼻炎与肠道菌群及宿主免疫的关系、针灸调节变应性鼻炎相关肠道菌群及免疫的作用,揭示"肠道菌群-宿主免疫"可能成为针灸治疗变应性鼻炎的新靶点,以期为针灸治疗变应性鼻炎的机制研...     

The prevalence of allergic diseases among Croatian school children according to the ISAAC Phase One questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in children has been increasing worldwide over the past decades. The ISAAC Phase I results supplies valuable information on the worldwide variations in the prevalence of these diseases. Although ISAAC Phase I was completed in 56 countries, not all regions of Croatia were covered. Because of Croatia's high regional diversity, the aim was to explore the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjuctivitis, and atopic eczema symptoms in the Medimurje region in northern Croatia and compare the results with data from other regions in Croatia and other countries. MATERIAL/METHODS: The study was undertaken between January and April 2005 among 12- to 14-year-old children in 27 elementary schools. Data were collected using the standardized ISAAC written and asthma video questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 3111 children participated in the study, with a participation rate of 94.33%. 27.6% of the children had symptoms of allergic diseases at some time in their life. Estimated lifetime (ever) prevalence of symptoms were: wheezing 11.86%, allergic rhinitis symptoms 12.21%, and atopic dermatitis symptoms 7.01%. Estimated 12-month prevalence rates were: wheezing 5.11%, allergic rhinitis symptoms 10.87%, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis 7.14%, and atopic dermatitis symptoms 5.34%. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with previous studies conducted in other Croatian regions (the city of Zagreb and a northern Adriatic region) using similar methods, the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis was lower than in the northern Adriatic region but comparable with that in the city of Zagreb, and of atopic dermatitis symptoms in the same range.     

上海市普陀区长征镇学生过敏性疾病流行病学调查

目的了解上海市普陀区长征镇中小学生过敏性疾病患病率及治疗状况。方法采用国际儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病研究（International Study of Asthma and Allergiesin Childhood,ISAAC）第一阶段调查问卷为基础问卷;哮喘控制测试（Asthma ControlTest,ACT）进行疾病严重度评估。2007年4-5月对上海市普陀区长征镇5807名中小学生进行哮喘、变应性鼻炎、湿疹的问卷调查。结果患过敏性疾病者599例,患病率为10.31%,其中哮喘患病率为4.84%,男女比例为1.68∶1;变应性鼻炎和湿疹的患病率分别为7.44%和0.83%。哮喘患者中有家族史的占17.57%,哮喘合并变应性鼻炎者147例,占52.31%。多数哮喘患者不用药,ACT评分在20～24分的患者中不用药者占87.30%,使用吸入糖皮质激素（inhaled corticosteroid,ICS）治疗者为3.17%;ACT评分≤19分的患者中有55.60%不用药,吸入糖皮质激素占22.20%。变应性鼻炎患者中有34.97%不用药,单鼻用皮质类固醇者占23.78%,单口服抗组胺药者占16.78%,联合鼻用皮质类固醇＋口服抗组胺药治疗者为4.20%。结论上海普陀区长征镇中小学生哮喘患病率与2002年上海地区调查的哮喘患病率比较无明显上升。变应性鼻炎的患病率较低。多数哮喘、变应性鼻炎患者治疗是不规范的。     

变应性鼻炎动物模型的研究进展

变应性鼻炎的患病率逐年上升,已成为全球关注的疾病。动物模型是人类研究疾病的重要工具。本文主要综述变应性鼻炎造模方面的相关问题。     

内蒙古草原地区过敏相关疾病多次使用抗生素调查研究

背景　目前人们常误将过敏性鼻炎当作感冒,存在误用抗生素现象,近年来包括过敏性鼻炎在内的过敏相关疾病患病率逐年增加。而误用或滥用抗生素是造成细菌耐药的主要原因。目的　分析内蒙古草原地区3种常见过敏相关疾病过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎和哮喘多次使用抗生素的情况。方法　于2015年5-8月,采取多阶段分层抽样法,在二连浩特市、锡林浩特市、多伦县、扎鲁特旗、开鲁县和通辽市进行调查。调查其人口学资料（性别、年龄、民族、居住地等）,最近2年内抗生素多次使用情况,过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎和哮喘患病情况,家族过敏史等。结果　共发放问卷5 944份,回收有效问卷5 787份,有效回收率为97.36%。5 787例受试者中,多次使用抗生素1 079例（18.65%）,未多次使用抗生素4 708例（81.35%）;过敏性鼻炎737例（12.74%）,结膜炎512例（8.85%）,哮喘104例（1.80%）,鼻结膜炎921例（15.91%）,过敏性鼻炎伴哮喘或结膜炎伴哮喘100例（1.73%）,鼻结膜炎伴哮喘170例（2.94%）。有3种常见疾病任意一种及以上者（TCD）2 544例（43.96%）,无3种常见疾病任意一种者（NTCD）3 243例（56.04%）。男性、女性、2~17岁、18~80岁、汉族、蒙古族、其他民族、城镇、农村的TCD患者多次使用抗生素发生率高于NTCD（P<0.05）。过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎、哮喘患者多次使用抗生素发生率分别高于未患该疾病者（P<0.01）。过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎和哮喘患者多次使用抗生素发生率分别是无该种疾病者的1.53倍〔95%CI（1.33,1.76）,P<0.01〕、1.33倍〔95%CI（1.15,1.53）,P<0.01〕和2.12倍〔95%CI（1.68,2.67）,P<0.01〕。过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎、哮喘患者中,有家族过敏史者多次使用抗生素发生率高于无家族过敏史和家族过敏史不详者（P<0.01）。结论　3种常见过敏相关疾病在调查人群中患病率高,且多次使用抗生素发生率较正常人群显著增高,多次使用抗生素对有家族过敏史人群过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎和哮喘患病风险有附加作用。该资料为抗生素的规范使用管理以及过敏性疾病的防治提供了一定的数据支持。     

腺样体肥大儿童伴变应性鼻炎与分泌性中耳炎的相关性分析

目的分析腺样体肥大儿童伴分泌性中耳炎（OME）与变应性鼻炎（AR）发病的相关性。方法回顾性分析12岁以下870例腺样体肥大患儿的病史,分析AR、咽鼓管功能不良及OME的相关性。结果本组腺样体肥大患儿中AR发病率为30．11％,AR在不同年龄组中的发病率差异有统计学意义,随着年龄增加,发病率逐渐升高（P〈0．01）。6岁以内发生咽鼓管功能障碍及OME的概率高,其中1～3岁组发生分泌性中耳炎的概率最大（P〈0．01）。春季OME发病率高（P〈0．001）。与不伴AR患者相比,伴有AR患儿患咽鼓管功能不良的概率增加了0．4倍（P=0．042）;但患有OME的检出率减少了32％（P=0．0472）。结论在腺样体肥大患儿中,多种因素使咽鼓管功能不良乃至OME高发。其中咽鼓管及其周围结构生理、病理、发育特点是最主要的因素,变态反应是次要影响因素。随着年龄增长,前者因逐渐发育完善,致病性降低,后者致病性增高,但总的发病率是逐渐降低的。     

昆明地区大学生过敏性鼻炎问卷调查

［摘要］目的　调查昆明地区大学生群体过敏性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis,AR）分布情况、流行病学特征并分析其相关危险因素．方法　以昆明市7所高校的18～29岁的在校大学生为对象,采取分层抽样的方式抽取1 500名大学生,设计AR调查问卷,进行流行病学调查,对调查结果进行分析．结果　发放问卷1 500份,回收问卷1 484份,回收率98.9%,昆明市18～29岁在校大学生中自报患病率为25.4%（377/1 484）,其中男性患病率为29.3%（170/580）,女性患病率为22.9%（207/904）．AR患者中,3.7%伴有支气管哮喘（bronchial asthma,BA）;19.1%伴有家族遗传史;昆明地区大学生AR的主要诱因为灰尘．结论　昆明地区大学生AR发病率约为25.4%,男性患病率稍高于女性,AR的相关潜在危险因素主要为BA及家族过敏史,诱发因素主要为灰尘,动物皮毛及植物花粉．     

Prevalence and severity of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and atopic eczema in secondary school children in Ibadan, Nigeria

This study was part of the effort of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee to evaluate the epidemiology of asthma and allergic diseases around the world. Three thousand and fifty eight randomly selected children aged 13-14 years were studied, using a standard questionnaire developed and field tested by the ISAAC Steering Committee, to establish the prevalence and severity of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema. Of the 3,058 children, there were 1,659 (54.3%) females and 1,399 (45.7%) males (F:M ratio 1.2:1). The cumulative prevalence rates of wheezing, rhinitis other than common cold, and symptoms of eczema were 16.4%, 54.1% and 26.1%, respectively while within the immediate 12-month period, the rates were 10.7%, 45.2% and 22.4%, respectively. However, rhinitis associated with itchy eyes (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) was reported by 39.2% of the school children. The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was 18.4%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a higher prevalence of wheezing and rhinitis was associated with itchy eyes. The prevalence of severe symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema were higher when compared with a similar study in Kenya. However, the prevalence of symptoms of asthma was lower and that of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis higher in our series. There is a need for further studies to investigate the risk factors which might be responsible for the apparently different patterns in these two African countries.     

Skin prick test reactivity to common airborne pollens and molds in allergic rhinitis patients

Allergic rhinitis is the single most common chronic allergic disease affecting an estimated four million people in Malaysia. House dust mites, grass pollens and fungal spores play has been identified to play a major role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. However, sensitization to pollen and spores in Malaysia is not well documented. On the basis of the results of an aerobiological survey of the common mold spores and pollens in the Klang Valley, twelve local extracts of molds and two local extracts of grass pollens were prepared by the Institute for Medical Research for this study. The study evaluated the prevalence of skin prick test (SPT) reactivity to the extracts of those airborne molds and pollens in allergic rhinitis patients in the Klang Valley. A total of 85 allergic rhinitis patients were recruited. All molds and grass pollens extracts tested, elicited positive response to SPT. Among the molds extracts, Fusarium was observed to have the highest prevalence of SPT reactivity (23.5%), followed by Aspergillus flavum (21.2%), Dreselera orysae (18.8%), Alternaria sp (17.6%), Curvularis eragrostidis (17.6%), Penicillium oxa (16.5%), Pestolotriopsis gtuepini (16.5%), Rhizopphus arrhi (16.5%), Aspergilluls nigus (15.3%). Penicillium choy (12.9%), Aspergillus fumigatus (11.8%), and Cladosporium sp (4.7%). In the grass pollen, the SPT reactivity to Ischaemum and Enilia is 14.1% and 5.9% respectively. However, the prevalence of SPT reactivity was not influenced by the age, sex, ethnicity, symptomatology and concurrent allergic condition. We have documented the prevalence of skin prick test reactivity to common molds and grass pollens in the Klang valley, which is comparable to the neighboring countries. Its prevalence in our allergic rhinitis patients suggests that it has a role in pathogenesis of allergic diseases. A larger representative sample involving multi-centric centers in Malaysia should be encouraged in the near future.