围手术期护理在腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术的应用研究

目的研究在腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术中实行围术期护理的效果。方法选取2015年1月~2016年1月我院收治的腹主动脉瘤患者42例,对其均实行腔内隔绝术,分析采取围手术期护理的效果。结果经围术期护理腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤患者后均没出现护理或者医疗差错。结论将围术期护理应用在腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术患者中可以显著改善临床护理效果。     

腔内隔绝术治疗高龄腹主动脉瘤患者——3例临床报告

目的观察腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤的临床疗效及探讨并发症的防治原则.方法采用TALENT带膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗3例高龄腹主动脉瘤患者,年龄均超过75岁,且伴有其他脏器疾病.结果所有患者腹主动脉瘤体成功隔绝,技术成功率达100%,无中转外科手术,无瘤体破裂等严重并发症,无围手术期死亡.术后3～6个月螺旋CT随访,瘤体均见血栓形成,无支架移位及明显内漏等并发症发生.结论腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤具有技术可靠、创伤小、术后恢复快、成功率高等优点,尤其适用不能耐受传统开腹手术的老年高危患者.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术中血流动力学稳态的维持

1991年阿根廷医师 Parodi等成功在肾动脉水平以下腹主动脉瘤采用带人造血管支架腔内隔绝术 ,它是将支架经股动脉定位在瘤体恰当位置上 ,释放支架、扩张球囊后 ,形成人工血管 ,建立新的血流通路 ,从而将瘤体旷置 ,属于腔内介入疗法 [1 ]。西京医院血管内分泌外科自 2 0 0 1年以来为 2例患者成功施行了腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术 ,效果满意。手术的麻醉实施有其特殊性。1　对象和方法1.1　对象　例 1,男性 ,71岁 ,体质量 82 kg,ASA 级。螺旋CT报告腹主动脉瘤体上起自 L3 椎体下部 1/3,下至 L5椎体下缘即髂总动脉分叉处 ,上下范围 9.2 cm ,瘤体…     

老年腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后支架内闭塞一例

患者男性．75岁。因腹主动脉瘤腔内主单髂动脉支架型人工血管修复加股一股动脉人工血管旁路术后2年伴左足静息痛3月,于2006年11月人院。高血压病史20余年,无糖尿病病史。20个月以前因右下肢间跛2年静息痛9月在本院经CTA诊断为腹主动脉瘤累及左髂总、髂内动脉、伴右髂动脉硬化闭塞,见图1。行主单髂动脉支架型人工血管修复加股一股动脉人工血管旁路术（覆盖范围包括肾下腹主动脉、髂总动脉、髂内动脉及髂外动脉近端）,术后足背动脉搏动恢复出院。3月余前又因右下肢间跛复发伴右小腿溃疡形成5个月再次行右锁骨下一右股总一膝上右胭动脉序贯性人工血管转流术。术后右下肢症状改善,溃疡愈合,     

主动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的总结主动脉瘤的外科治疗、腔内隔绝治疗的经验。方法回顾性分析1992年9月至2005年2月我院收治各类主动脉瘤患者46例的临床资料,男性38例,女性8例;平均年龄51.7岁;升主动脉瘤17例,胸主动脉瘤8例,腹主动脉瘤21例。手术治疗40例,其中Bentall手术10例,同期Bentall联合全弓替换1例,全弓替换2例,单纯升主动脉人工血管替换4例,胸主动脉瘤体切除人工血管置换3例,其中1例同时行双肾动脉搭桥术,胸主动脉瘤人工血管修补2例,1例行包裹术,腹主动脉瘤21例中行腋-股动脉人工血管搭桥2例,“Y”型人工血管置换7例,直型人工血管替换8例。腔内隔绝治疗6例;其中StanfordB型夹层动脉瘤2例,腹主动脉瘤4例。结果手术死亡1例,死亡率为2.5%,腔内隔绝治疗均成功。随访1个月至10年,有10例患者失访,随访期间1例死亡,总死亡率为4.3%。结论外科手术仍然是治疗主动脉瘤的一种十分有效和经济实用的主要方法。     

主髂动脉闭塞手术方式的选择

目的 :探讨腹主动脉下段及髂动脉闭塞手术方式的选择。方法 :对我院 1996年 3月至 2 0 0 2年 1月 4 8例主髂动脉闭塞病例进行回顾性总结。结果 :行主 髂 (股 )动脉人工血管转流术 15例 ,髂 股动脉人工血管转流术 10例。髂动脉内膜剥脱术 1例 ,股 -股动脉人工血管转流术 10例 ,腋 -股动脉人工血管转流术 12例。均得到随访。总有效率 95 8% ,围手术期死亡率 4 17%。人工血管通畅率81 2 %。结论 :解剖途径人工血管转流术是治疗本病的首选方法 ,以获得较高的通畅率。对于高龄、体弱者 ,特别是全身一般情况差 ,合并高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、肺气肿等慢性病的患者 ,应采用解剖外途径人工血管转流术 ,以减低手术死亡率     

老年腹主动脉瘤患者腔内隔绝围手术期脑保护

目的探讨老年腹主动脉瘤患者腔内隔绝围手术期脑保护及其临床意义。方法根据有无实施脑保护将69例老年腹主动脉瘤行腔内隔绝治疗的患者随机分成两组:保护组38例,对照组31例。对两组术后脑血管意外及脑功能障碍情况进行对比分析。结果两组的年龄、入院时血压、手术时间差异均无统计学意义。两组均未发生死亡和出血性脑卒中。保护组术后谵妄发生率低于对照组(分别为5.3%和41.9%,P<0.05),术后住院时间少于对照组(分别为9.1±3.2d和16.7±5.8d,P<0.05);术后缺血性脑卒中保护组0例,对照组3例,两组比较无统计学意义(0%和9.7%,P>0.05)。结论对老年腹主动脉瘤接受腔内隔绝治疗的患者围手术期采取脑保护能降低脑血管意外和维持大脑功能,有利于患者术后恢复。     

合并髂动脉病变的腹主动脉瘤腔内处理方案探讨

目的探讨合并髂动脉病变的腹主动脉瘤(AAA)的腔内处理方案。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2016年12月北京积水潭医院血管外科收治的AAA行腔内治疗的52例患者临床资料,包括性别、年龄、患者临床特点(冠心病、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症)、股深动脉及股浅动脉通畅率,按照是否存在严重髂动脉病变将患者分为髂动脉通畅组和髂动脉狭窄或闭塞组,分别进行腔内治疗,并于术后接受抗凝、抗血小板治疗以防动脉粥样硬化。根据数据类型,组间比较采用t检验或x~2检验(Fisher确切概率法)。结果 52例患者被分为髂动脉通畅组41例和髂动脉狭窄或闭塞组11例,其中通畅组髂动脉严重扭曲2例(3.8%,2/52),狭窄或闭塞组髂动脉狭窄9例(17.3%,9/52)及闭塞2例(3.8%,2/52),术前两组患者性别、年龄、患者临床特点(冠心病、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症)、股深动脉及股浅动脉通畅率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者均成功实施了AAA腔内修复(EVAR)术,其中通常组扭曲者通过特硬导丝纠正髂动脉成角后支架顺利通过,狭窄或闭塞组给予患侧或对侧球囊扩张或逆行开通股动脉进行扩张,支架最终顺利通过。随访了12~24个月,狭窄或闭塞组出现一侧髂动脉腿支的闭塞2例(P0.05),1例行右髂序贯放置髂腿支架1枚+双侧股动脉人工血管转流术,术后双下肢动脉供血良好。结论合并髂动脉病变会导致AAA腔内治疗困难,运用合理的手术技巧和器材的配合,AAA患者行EVAR术均可以获得成功,远期通畅率较好。     

合并迷走右锁骨下动脉的B型主动脉夹层的治疗体验

目的:总结术中支架人工血管植入术或胸主动脉腔内修复术治疗合并迷走右锁骨下动脉的B型主动脉夹层的初步经验。方法:2010年8月至2017年8月,我中心共收治合并迷走右锁骨下动脉的B型主动脉夹层17例,其中术中支架人工血管植入术7例,胸主动脉腔内修复术10例。结果:术中支架组和腔内修复组均无患者围术期死亡。术中支架组有1例患者术后7d发生胸骨哆开行清创术。腔内修复组无围术期并发症。术中支架组随访13~85个月,平均(54.86±27.01)个月,腔内修复组随访(12~89)个月,平均(51.10±24.71)个月。随访期间两组无死亡病例。结论:合并迷走右锁骨下动脉的B型主动脉夹层应根据不同的解剖特点和合并病变,选择术中支架人工血管植入术或胸主动脉腔内修复术。     

微创血管腔内技术治疗老年人腹主动脉瘤18例分析

目的 探讨老年高危腹主动脉瘤患者的微创治疗方法。方法 １８例应用腔内搭桥技术治疗的老年腹主动脉瘤患者,动脉瘤分型：Ａ型１例,Ｂ型１１例,Ｃ型６例,术前以ＣＴ、ＭＲ及血管造影检查评估腔内治疗的可行性并测量相关数据：设计并选择合理带膜支架;取双侧腹股沟小切口,在Ｘ线透视下将支架通过股动脉放置在腹主动脉瘤的恰当位置上,实现动脉瘤腔内搭桥。结果 １８例接受腹主动脉瘤腔内搭桥患者成功率１００％,手术时间１～     

GORE EXCLUDER覆膜支架在腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中的临床应用

目的：探讨GORE EXCLUDER覆膜支架腔内修复治疗腹主动脉瘤的疗效.方法：回顾性分析自2012年1月至2013年5月,采用GORE EXCLUDER覆膜支架行腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术的21例患者,其中男性19例,女性2例,年龄48 ～ 84岁,平均（68.9±9.9）岁.21例均为肾下型腹主动脉瘤,术后1,3,6及12个月之后,每年行主动脉CTA复查.结果：21例均成功置入GORE EXCLUDER覆膜支架,技术成功率100％;共置入主体覆膜支架21枚,对侧分支支架21枚,延长支6枚,Cuff支架1枚.主体覆膜支架直径23 ～31 mm,长度为120 ～ 180 mm,平均（152-±20.7）mm; 16例封闭一侧髂内动脉,5例保留双侧髂内动脉.围手术期无死亡病例及严重并发症发生;随访3 ～15个月,未见支架移位及内漏发生.结论：GORE EXCLUDER腔内修复肾下腹主动脉瘤近、中期效果良好.     

Changing trends in management of thoracic aortic disease: where do we stand with thoracic endovascular stent grafts?

BACKGROUND: Descending thoracic aortic surgery is linked to a high morbidity and mortality. Thoracic endovascular stent grafts were designed to decrease perioperative risks, especially in patients with severe comorbidities. However, procedure-related complications and clinical outcomes remain ill-defined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors' experience in 24 patients (mean age 63.3+/-25.4 years) from May 2001 to February 2004 is reported. The diagnosis was thoracic aneurysm in 10 patients, complicated penetrating aortic ulcer in six patients, blunt traumatic aortic rupture in four patients, complicated type B dissection in two patients, and aortoesophageal fistula and postoperative pseudoaneurysm in one patient each, respectively. Symptoms were present in 15 of 24 patients (62.5%). The decision to implant a thoracic endovascular stent graft was based on significant coinjuries in three patients, severe comorbidities in 16 patients and patient decision in five patients. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 2.3+/-1.7 h and the mean number of stents per patient was 1.8+/-0.7. Six patients required coverage of the left subclavian artery without complications. A carotid-carotid bypass was required in two patients. In one patient, a thoracic endovascular stent graft was introduced through a 10 mm graft anastomosed to the distal descending aorta accessed through a video-assisted minithoracotomy. Perioperative complications were an arterial access problem in one patient and pneumonia in four patients. The primary success rate was 100%. An 82-year-old patient with a ruptured thoracoabdominal aneurysm died of multi-organ failure (4.1% hospital mortality). All 23 surviving patients were alive at 13.4+/-3.5 months. One patient required an additional procedure for recurrent hematemesis. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracic endovascular stent grafts show excellent early results in well-selected cases. Extra-anatomical bypass or novel vascular access procedures increase the applicability of thoracic endovascular stent grafts. Meticulous follow-up is essential to identify and treat stent graft-related complications. Data on long-term outcomes are required before applying thoracic endovascular stent grafts to patients with a lower operative risk.     

同期行降主动脉和腹主动脉腔内修复术

目的：讨论病变同时累及降主动脉和腹主动脉的主动脉疾患,同期行胸主动脉和腹主动脉腔内修复术对脊髓缺血的影响.方法：回顾性分析2009年2月至2013年1月间,本中心收住院的病变同时累及降主动脉和腹主动脉的18例患者,其中男性17例,女性1例,年龄50 ～ 78岁,平均（61.13±7.25）岁,其中胸主动脉瘤伴腹主动脉瘤10例,胸主动脉穿通溃疡伴腹主动脉瘤5例,胸主动脉及腹主动脉均为穿通溃疡2例,胸主动脉夹层伴腹主动脉瘤1例,全部采用双侧股动脉切开行主动脉腔内修复术,其中胸主动脉根据病变范围置入1枚或2枚覆膜支架（部分重叠）,腹主动脉置入分体式或一体式支架.结果：术后1例脊髓供血障碍（5.6％）,经脱水及神经营养性治疗后痊愈,随访3～24个月,无支架移位或内漏等并发症发生.结论：应用覆膜支架同时覆盖降主动脉和腹主动脉处理主动脉病变是安全、有效的.个别可引起脊髓缺血,应进行积极预防和及时处理.     

腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层210例分析

目的评价腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的疗效和安全性。方法收集2002年4月至2010年10月于沈阳军区总医院行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层210例资料,年龄(53.4±11.1)岁。经股动脉切开置入覆膜支架封堵胸主动脉破裂口,置入后造影检查证实疗效;合并严重冠状动脉狭窄者于腔内隔绝术后3～7 d完成经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)。观察介入治疗的疗效。结果腔内隔绝术成功率100%,共置入208枚主体覆膜支架及13枚cuff支架。20例患者完全封闭左锁骨下动脉开口,无左上肢及脑供血不足症状。26例患者行PCI成功率100%,对32支靶血管共置入36枚冠状动脉支架,无出血、心肌梗死等并发症。患者术后平均随访(60±35)个月,随访率96.6%(201/208)。33例出现腔内隔绝术后综合征,13例术后有残余内漏,其中8例残余内漏于术后3个月自行封闭。术后半年,3例再发升主动脉夹层,1例发生截瘫。术后1年,1例发生迟发性内漏。行PCI患者无主要心脏不良事件发生。本组共死亡6例,其中与腔内隔绝术有关死亡4例,分别发生在术后1 h、术后5 d、出院后2 d、15 d,与腔内隔绝术无关死亡2例,分别问胃癌晚期和肺心病。结论腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层近期及长期疗效好、并发症低。合并冠心病患者择期二次行PCI安全可行。     

老年女性Stanford B 型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术患者的临床特征

目的:总结分析老年女性Stanford B 型主动脉夹层(aortic dissection,AD)腔内隔绝术患者的临床特征。方法: 2002年4月~2011年7月入住沈阳军区总医院并接受主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗且年龄≥60岁的Stanford B型AD患者,按性别分为老年男性组（61例）及老年女性组（30例）。年龄分别为（67±5）岁和（66±5）岁。对两组患者的临床特征、住院期间及随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果: 老年女性组已知高血压病史比例低于老年男性组,入院首诊高血压病比例高于老年男性组（均P<0.05）。但两组患者高血压病及穿透性动脉粥样硬化性溃疡的病因构成比并无统计学差异。老年女性组从出现症状到就诊时间≥24 h者比例高于老年男性组（P<0.05）。老年女性患者表现为突发疼痛比例低于老年男性患者（P<0.05）。其他患者特征、主要并发症、临床表现、病变情况、手术成功率、手术并发症及随访情况和随访结果均无显著差异。结论: 老年女性患者对高血压病的知晓率低,较少表现为突发性疼痛,就诊较晚。     

Bilateral True Isolated Superficial Femoral Artery Aneurysm: Report of a Case and Literature Review

We report a case of an 85-year-old man with true isolated bilateral superficial femoral artery aneurysms. The aneurysm size was 6.2 cm on the right and 4.8 cm on the left. They were repaired with transfemoral endovascular placement of three excluder stent grafts on the right and two excluder stent grafts on the left. Both procedures were done under local anesthesia.     

Endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms of the abdominal aorta with covered stents

Abdominal aortic aneurysms are common in the aging population; their surgical treatment is well established and allows good results in specialized centers. Endovascular exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysms has been shown to be feasible since 1991 and nowadays commercially available bifurcated endografts allow safe exclusion in selected cases. In the last year 22 patients with an aorto-iliac aneurysm received endovascular treatment at our Institution. We included patients with favorable anatomic characteristics (i.e. neck > 15 mm length, and < 28 mm diameter, iliac neck < 12 mm diameter, absence of > 90 degrees iliac or aortic angulation) and, in particular, those with increased surgical risk for systemic pathology (12 patients), or hostile abdomen (9 patients). We employed Vanguard II (Boston Scientific) endovascular grafts introduced through a surgically exposed common femoral artery; the contralateral limb of bifurcated grafts was inserted percutaneously. The endograft was successfully implanted in all cases, requiring additional iliac cuffs for complete aneurysm exclusion in 3 cases. Periprocedural morbidity included one case of thrombosis and one case of pseudoaneurysm of the punctured femoral artery, which required surgical treatment. In one case surgical exposure of the iliac artery was required in order to advance the device into the aorta. In one patient who previously underwent hemicolectomy, postoperative colonic ischemia was observed, and pharmacological treatment was required. Moreover we also observed one case of groin infection that was treated successfully with local wound care and systemic antibiotics, and one late contralateral limb thrombosis that was successfully treated with loco-regional thrombolysis. The mean follow-up was 6.1 months: one patient died because of congestive heart failure. No further morbidity was recorded. A type-II endoleak was observed in one patient, originating from the inferior mesenteric artery with no sac enlargement; this patient is still under observation. In conclusion, with proper clinical selection, commercially available endovascular devices allow safe exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Long-term follow-up is needed to ascertain the durability of the procedure.     

腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉瘤23例疗效观察

目的：探讨腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析23例经腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉瘤患者的一般临床资料、手术情况、手术结果和术后随访情况。结果23例患者均手术成功,术后造影见主动脉瘤体（或夹层假腔）消失,支架无移位,无发生截瘫;1例术后18h突发脑血管意外抢救无效死亡,总治愈率为95．7％（22／23）。术后并发症主要为内漏,其中Ⅰ型内漏3例,Ⅱ型内漏2例,发生率为21．7％（5／23）,急性肾功能不全4例（17．4％）;脑卒中1例,发生率为4．3％（1／23）。随访4个月-60个月,2例失访。随访期间死亡2例,死亡原因1例为恶性肿瘤转移,另1例为复发性降主动脉夹层破裂大出血：随访期经复查,5例早期并发内漏者内漏消失,假腔血栓形成。结论腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉瘤安全而且有效。     

Midterm experience with the endovascular treatment of isolated iliac aneurysms.

AIM: The aim of this retrospective, single institution study was to describe our 4-year experience with the endovascular repair of isolated iliac artery aneurysms. METHODS: Between May 1997 and June 2001, 16 patients (15 males; mean age 64+/-9 years), were treated with covered stent grafts. Twelve of the endovascular procedures were performed under epidural and 4 under local anaesthesia. The percutaneous approach was employed in 13 cases and the femoral artery had to be exposed in 3 cases that demanded simultaneous revascularization of the peripheral circulation (n=2) or required a 16 F sheath to employ a Baxter Lifepath stent graft (n=1). The mean size of the iliac aneurysms was 4.5 cm (range 3.5 to 5.2 cm). Four aneurysms involved the hypogastric ostium in absence of any distal neck. RESULTS: All the patients underwent initially successful endovascular treatment of isolated iliac aneurysms and were followed from 3 to 52 months (mean 18 months). No procedural deaths and no acute or late graft thrombosis occurred. The perioperative complications included 1 dissection of the external iliac artery that required a further endovacular procedure and 1 case of endovascular leak fed to the hypogastric artery. A CT scan 4 months later showed spontaneous thrombosis of aneurysm and no further leakage. Two patients had undergone combinated femoro-popliteal arterial bypass. CONCLUSION: In our early clinical experience the use of self-expandable covered stent graft successful treated isolated iliac artery aneurysms. Endovascular repair is a safe and effective technique with good midterm results in patients at standard and high risk.     

Regression of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm after endoluminal treatment with bare-metal Wallstent endoprostheses

Bare-metal Wallstent endoprostheses were used to treat a 60-year-old man who had an inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm, as confirmed by clinical and computed tomographic findings. The patient had concomitant coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and severe iliofemoral disease. Because of high surgical risk due to coexisting disease (including severe peripheral vascular disease), the patient was not a candidate for current endovascular methods or surgical repair. Therefore, we used the novel endovascular approach described. Serial, spiral, computed tomographic scans during a 2-year follow-up period revealed a reduction in the maximal diameter of the abdominal aortic aneurysm from 44 mm to 36 mm. Stabilization of thrombus and regression of the periaortitis were also noted. To our knowledge, this is the 1st reported case of endoluminal therapy with an uncovered stent for an inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm. Bare-metal Wallstent exclusion of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms presents a treatment option for patients who are at high risk for surgery and cannot be treated with covered stent-grafts due to severe disease of the iliofemoral vessels.