Prior studies have been inconclusive in documenting whether the prevalence of adolescent anxiety is increasing, given sampling and measurement limitations. This study adds new information on recent time trends in anxiety prevalence, specifically investigating trends among previously unexamined sociodemographic subgroups.
MethodsWeighted data of 37,360 youth respondents (51.1% female, 71.8% White, 91.3% heterosexual, 99.2% cisgender) from the 2012–2018 Dane County Youth Assessment, a county-wide survey administered to youth in participating school districts, were analyzed to estimate time trends in anxiety prevalence among the whole sample and by sociodemographic subgroups.
ResultsThe prevalence of youth meeting anxiety-screening criteria increased from 34.1% (95% CI 33.4–34.9) in 2012 to 44% (95% CI 43.2–44.7) in 2018 (OR for trend = 1.07, P for trend < 0.001). The trend remained significant after adjusting for known confounds (AOR for trend = 1.07, P for trend < 0.001). Anxiety increased significantly for several subgroups and widening disparities were documented among females relative to males (P < 0.001), and sexual minority youth relative to heterosexual youth (P = 0.003). In addition, Black youth did not increase at the same swift rate as White youth over the study period (P < 0.001).
ConclusionThis study reports recent data on anxiety time trends and finds that among a geographically representative sample of adolescents, anxiety prevalence is rising. Findings provide new evidence documenting increased anxiety prevalence among sexual minority youth relative to their peers. Results highlight the need to bolster public health interventions focused on adolescent mental health, with tailored interventions for vulnerable groups.
相似文献Many studies have reported associations between diet and depression, but few have used formal diagnoses of mood disorder as the outcome measure. We examined if overall diet quality was associated cross-sectionally or longitudinally with DSM-IV mood disorders among an adult cohort.
MethodsParticipants from the Australian Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study were followed up during 2004–06 (n = 1974, age 26–36 years), 2009–11 (n = 1480, 31–41 years), and 2014–19 (n = 1191, 36–49 years). Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI) scores were calculated from food frequency questionnaires at each time-point (higher DGI reflects better diet quality). DSM-IV mood disorders (dysthymia or depression) during the periods between, and 12 months prior to each follow-up were determined using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Sex-stratified risk and prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using log-binomial regression. Covariates included age, self-perceived social support index score, marital status, parenting status, education, occupation, physical activity, BMI, and usual sleep duration.
ResultsA 10-point higher DGI was cross-sectionally associated with lower prevalence of mood disorders at the third follow-up only (females PR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56, 0.95; males PR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.53, 0.97), but was attenuated after covariate adjustment (females PR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.73, 1.16; males PR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.69, 1.22). Adjustment for social support in the final model had attenuated the association for both sexes from 18% reduced prevalence to 8%. DGI scores were not longitudinally associated with mood disorder risk.
ConclusionsCrude cross-sectional associations between diet quality and mood disorders at ages 36–49 years were explained by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, particularly social support.
相似文献It is plausible that offspring born to mothers using tobacco during pregnancy may have increased risk of mood disorders (depression and bipolar disorders); however, mixed results have been reported. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the magnitude and consistency of associations reported between prenatal tobacco use and mood disorders in offspring.
MethodsWe systematically searched EMBASE, SCOPUS, PubMed and Psych-INFO for studies on mood disorders and prenatal tobacco use. Methodological quality of studies was assessed with the revised Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We estimated pooled relative risk (RR) with inverse variance weighted random-effects meta-analysis. We performed leave-one-out analyses, and stratified analyses by a subgroup (depression and bipolar disorder). Potential publication bias was assessed by inspection of the funnel plot and Egger’s test for regression asymmetry. This study protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017060037).
ResultsEight cohort and two case–control studies were included in the final meta-analysis. We found an increased pooled relative risk of mood disorders in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco use RRs 1.43 (95% CI 1.27–1.60) compared to no prenatal tobacco use. Similarly, the pooled relative risks of bipolar and depressive disorders in offspring were 1.44, (95% CI 1.15–1.80) and 1.44, (95% CI 1.21–1.71), respectively. Moreover, the pooled estimated risk of mood disorders was not significantly attenuated in the studies that reported sibling comparison results [RR = 1.21 (95% CI 1.04–1.41)].
ConclusionTaken together, there was strong evidence for a small (RR < 2) association between prenatal tobacco use and mood disorders in offspring.
相似文献This cross-sectional study investigated distribution, sociodemographic correlates, and health outcomes in early versus late age of onset (AOO) of mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders in Singapore.
MethodsThe Composite International Diagnostic Interview established lifetime diagnoses of major depressive, bipolar, generalized anxiety, obsessive compulsive and alcohol use disorders in a representative sample of residents aged 18 years and over (n = 6126). The AOO of the individual and any mental disorders were classified into early and late onset using median values as cut-offs. Data included socio-demographic and health background, health utility score, and productivity losses. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess sociodemographic correlates of early versus late AOO of any mental disorder while linear regression analysis investigated the associations between AOO of individual disorders with health utility score and productivity loss.
ResultsRespondents’ mean (SD) age was 45.6 (16.5) years, comprising 50.5% women and majority of Chinese ethnicity (75.8%). The median AOO for any of the five studied disorders was 21 years (IQR: 15–29). Lowest AOO was observed for obsessive compulsive disorder (Median: 14, IQR: 11–26). Those aged 35 years and over (versus 18–34) were less likely to have earlier AOO [35–49 years (OR: 0.287; 95% CI: 0.154–0.534); 50–64 years (OR:0.156; 95% CI: 0.068–0.361) and 65 and over (OR:0.112; 95% CI:0.027–0.461)], while Malay ethnicity (versus Chinese) (OR: 2.319; 95% CI: 1.384–3.885) and being never married (versus married) (OR: 2.731; 95% CI: 1.493–4.993) were more likely to have early AOO for any mental disorder. Sample with early (versus late) AOO had a lower health utility score (β = − 0.06,95% CI: − 0.08 to − 0.03) and higher number of days cut down on the type of work (β = 1.61,95% CI: 0.12–3.10) in those with any mental disorders.
ConclusionThis study showed that half of the adults with mood, anxiety or alcohol use disorders in Singapore experienced their illness onset by 21 years of age. Early AOO is associated with sociodemographic background and poor health outcomes. Prevention, early detection, and interventions to improve health outcomes in mental disorders should consider the sociodemographic profile and age at first onset of symptoms in the population.
相似文献To estimate the prevalence of intermittent explosive disorder (IED) in comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders and to describe the temporal sequencing of disorders in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil.
MethodsData from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey, a population-based study of 5037 adult individuals, were analyzed. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CID 3.0) was used to assess lifetime DSM-IV disorders, including IED, with a response rate of 81.3%.
ResultsThe majority (76.8%) of respondents with IED meet the criteria for at least one other psychiatric disorder, with a prevalence almost twice as high as that observed in individuals without IED. The prevalence of any anxiety, mood, impulse control or substance use disorders in respondents with IED was more than two times higher compared to those without IED, with prevalence ratios ranging from 2.1 (95% CI 1.74–2.48) to 2.9 (95% CI 2.12–4.06). The diagnosis of IED occurred earlier than most of the other mental disorders, except for those with usual onset in early childhood, as Specific and Social Phobias and Attention Deficit Disorder.
ConclusionConsidering that IED is a highly comorbid disorder and has an earlier onset than most other mental comorbidities in the Brazilian general population, these results may be useful in guiding governmental mental health actions.
相似文献This study is aimed to investigate the mental health status of COVID-19 survivors 1 year after discharge from hospital and reveal the related risk factors.
MethodsFrom April 11 to May 11, 2021, 566 COVID-19 survivors in Huanggang city were recruited through their primary doctors. A total of 535 participants (94.5%) admitted to participate in the survey and completed the questionnaires. Five scales were applied including 7-Items Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Fatigue Scale-14. The chi-square and the Fisher’s exact test were used to evaluate the classification data, multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the related factors of sleep quality, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
ResultsOne year after being discharged, of the 535 COVID-19 survivors, 252 (47.1%) had poor sleep quality; 157 (29.3%) had the symptoms of fatigue; 84 (15.7%),112 (20.9%), and 130 (24.3%) suffered from symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that history of chronic disease was risk factor for poor sleep quality (OR 2.501; 95% CI, 1.618–3.866), fatigue (OR 3.284; 95% CI 2.143–5.033), PTSD (OR 2.323; 95% CI 1.431–3.773) and depression (OR 1.950; 95% CI 1.106–3.436) in COVID-19 survivors. Smoking contributed to the poor sleep quality (OR 2.005; 95% CI 1.044–3.850), anxiety (OR 4.491; 95% CI 2.276–8.861) and depression (OR 5.459; 95% CI 2.651–11.239) in survivors. Drinking influenced fatigue (OR 2.783; 95% CI 1.331–5.819) and PTSD (OR 4.419; 95% CI 1.990–9.814) in survivors. Compared with college-educated survivors, survivors with high school education were at higher risk for poor sleep quality (OR 1.828; 95% CI 1.050–3.181) and PTSD (OR 2.521; 95% CI 1.316–4.830), and survivors with junior high school education were at higher risk for PTSD (OR 2.078; 95% CI 1.039–4.155). Compared with overweight survivors (BMI ≥ 23.0), survivors with normal BMI (18.5–22.9) (OR 0.600; 95% CI 0.405–0.889) were at lower risk for fatigue. While being housewife (OR 0.390; 95% CI 0.189–0.803) was protective factor for fatigue and having more family members was protective factor for PTSD (OR 0.404 95% CI 0.250–0.653) in survivors.
ConclusionsOne year after infection, poor sleep quality, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and PTSD, still existed in a relatively high proportion of COVID-19 survivors. Chronic disease history was an independent risk factor for poor sleep quality, fatigue, depression, and PTSD. Participants with low education levels were more likely to have mental problems than the others. We should focus on the long-term psychological impact of COVID-19 on survivors, and the government should apply appropriate mental health services to offer psychiatric support.
相似文献While advances in HIV prevention and treatment have changed the epidemic for gay and bisexual men, another epidemic faces this population. Gay and bisexual men represent one of the highest risk groups for depression, which potentially poses quality-of-life and public health challenges comparable to those of HIV. The present study seeks to inform comprehensive care for sexual minority men by estimating and comparing the morbidity of HIV and depression for US gay and bisexual men.
MethodsIn 2018, weighted counts of gay and bisexual men living with HIV and depression were derived from the CDC’s Medical Monitoring Project and the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, respectively. Years lived with disability for HIV and depression were calculated using the Global Burden of Disease Study’s disability weights.
FindingsAmong gay and bisexual adult men in the US, the prevalence of past-year major depressive episodes is 14.17%, while the prevalence of HIV is 11.52%. We estimate that in calendar year 2015, major depressive episodes imposed 85,361 (95% CI 58,293–112,212) years lived with disability among US adult gay and bisexual men, whereas HIV posed 42,981 (95% CI 36,221–49,722) years lived with disability.
InterpretationThis analysis shows that depression morbidity currently exceeds that for HIV among US adult gay and bisexual men. While gay and bisexual men are frequently understood to be a high-risk population for HIV, including in guidelines for HIV prevention and treatment, the present analysis suggests that this population should also be considered high-risk for depression.
相似文献There is evidence that prenatal stress and smoking during pregnancy both independently increase the risk of offspring psychopathology. Here we examine whether increased levels of self-reported stress is associated with increased smoking in a population of pregnant women, and whether prenatal smoking is associated with offspring psychiatric diagnoses independent of prenatal stress exposure.
MethodUsing a longitudinal birth cohort, we used ordered logistic regressions to examine associations between maternal stress and smoking during pregnancy. We then used logistic regression analyses to examine associations between prenatal smoking and later offspring psychiatric disorders.
ResultsA dose–response relationship was found between maternally reported stress and smoking during pregnancy. Pregnant women reporting severe stress were more likely to smoke compared to both the moderate stress and no stress groups, and those reporting moderate stress were significantly more likely to smoke compared to the no stress group. Smoking more than 5 cigarettes daily during pregnancy increased the risk of offspring personality disorder (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.60–5.94) as well as developing any Axis 1 psychiatric disorder, inclusive of mood, anxiety and psychotic disorders (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04–2.04). After adjusting for parental psychiatric history and maternal self-reported stress during pregnancy, associations between smoking more than 5 cigarettes daily when pregnancy and offspring personality (OR 2.58 95% CI 1.32–5.06) disorder remained.
ConclusionExposure to cigarette smoking during gestation could impact a child’s mental health. Smoking during pregnancy is a prime target for preventative interventions as unlike most other environmental risk factors, it is very amenable to change.
相似文献Mental health disparities have been documented among sexual minority college students, but there is a dearth of evidence from developing countries. The aim is to estimate the prevalence of 12-month mental and substance use disorders across a range of sexual identities among first-year college students in Mexican universities, and test whether there is an association between sexual identity and disorders and whether the association is moderated by gender.
MethodThe University Project for Healthy Students, a web-based survey conducted as part of the World Health Organization’s World Mental Health International College Student initiative, recruited 7874 students from nine Mexican universities in 2016 and 2017. Logistic regressions estimated the association of sexual identity with 12-month major depressive episode, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, alcohol abuse/dependence, and drug abuse/dependence, with interaction terms for gender.
ResultsCompared to heterosexual students reporting no same-sex attraction (SSA), heterosexual students with SSA (AORs range 1.77–3.67) and lesbian/gay and bisexual students (AORs range 2.22–5.32) were at a higher risk for several disorders. Asexual students were at higher risk for drug abuse/dependence (AOR = 3.64). Students unsure of their sexual identity were at a higher risk for major depressive episode, panic disorder, and drug abuse/dependence (AORs range 2.25–3.82). Gender differences varied across sexual identity and disorder.
ConclusionThese findings are the first empirical report of sexual minority psychiatric disparities among a college student population from a developing nation and underscore the importance of clinical interventions that address mental health needs among sexual minority college students.
相似文献Research shows that the prevalence of psychiatric problems is higher in ethnic minority youth compared to native youth. This school-based screening study of early adolescents’ mental health in the Netherlands examined differences in prevalence of psychotic experiences in ethnic minority youth compared to their Dutch peers. Moreover, we investigated the association between psychotic experiences, ethnic identity, and perceived discrimination.
MethodsA cohort of 1194 ethnic majority and minority adolescents (mean age 13.72, SD 0.63) filled-out questionnaires on psychotic experiences (including delusional and hallucinatory experiences), perceived group and personal discrimination, and ethnic identity.
ResultsApart from lower levels of hallucinatory experiences in Turkish–Dutch adolescents, prevalence of psychotic experiences did not differ between ethnic minority and majority adolescents. Perceived personal discrimination was associated with the presence of psychotic experiences (including delusional and hallucinatory experiences) (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.22–4.34). This association was stronger for delusional experiences (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.43–6.06) than for hallucinatory experiences (OR 1.65, 95% CI 0.73–3.72). No significant associations were found between perceived group discrimination and psychotic experiences. A weak ethnic identity was associated with higher risk for reporting psychotic experiences (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.14–3.66), particularly hallucinatory experiences (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.54–6.44). When looking at specific ethnic identity categories, marginalization, compared to separation, was associated with a threefold risk for reporting psychotic experiences (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.33–8.03). Both marginalisation (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.04–9.63) and assimilation (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.30–8.13) were associated with a higher risk for hallucinatory experiences.
ConclusionsThese results underline the protective effect of ethnic identity against mental health problems. Future research should focus on interventions that focus on strengthen social identity.
相似文献To ensure the mental health of the otolaryngology healthcare workers in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is important to know their mental status and to identify possible risk factors. In this study, we investigated the risk factors for the anxiety in the otolaryngology healthcare workers in Hubei province under the COVID-19 epidemic.
MethodsThe otolaryngology healthcare workers in Hubei Province were surveyed using an online questionnaire in which anxiety was measured against the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the risk factors of anxiety.
ResultsA total of 449 otolaryngology healthcare workers participated in the study. Of all the participants, 131 (29.18%) had anxiety symptoms. Compared with doctors, nurses were at a higher risk for anxiety (OR = 2.162, 95% CI 1.311–3.566). Participants who often suspected self-infection (OR = 4.239, 95% CI 1.647–10.909) or family member infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (OR = 4.485, 95% CI 1.511–13.313) were more likely to develop anxiety than those who never. The subjects who had colleagues diagnosed with COVID-19 were more vulnerable to anxiety (OR = 2.014, 95% CI 1.205–3.366). Respondents working in infectious isolation wards had a 3.522-fold increased risk of anxiety compared to those on leave (OR = 3.522, 95% CI 1.634–7.593).
ConclusionSome otolaryngology healthcare workers in Hubei province experienced anxiety during the epidemic, but most of them did not receive treatment. The healthcare providers themselves should be informed about and aware of their own mental health, and should be given support as appropriate.
Trial registration number and date of registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000030768, 2020/3/14.
相似文献This study assesses the prevalence rates for a major depressive disorder (MDD) in residents of Fort McMurray 6 months after a wildfire and to determine the demographic, clinical, and other predictors of likely MDD in the respondents. One thousand five hundred adult residents of Fort McMurray who could read and provide written informed consent were enrolled on this cross-sectional survey. The PHQ-9 was used to assess the presence or absence of probable MDD. Overall, 486 respondents with an age range of 18 to 88 and about a two thirds being females completed in full all of the key psychometric questionnaires and were included in the analysis. The 1-month prevalence rate for likely MDD 6 months after the disaster was 14.8% overall. Corresponding odds ratios for likely MDD included 2.77 (95% CI of 1.03–7.46) and 12.75 (95% CI of 2.22–73.21) for those who received limited or no support respectively from friends or family, 5.31 (95% CI of 1.3–20.1) for those who had history of an anxiety disorder before the wildfire and 2.57 (CI of 1.1–6.2) for those who have received counseling after the wildfire, while controlling for other factors in the model. While a prior diagnosis of an anxiety disorder significantly increased risk for developing MDD following wildfires, high level support from family and friends may be protective. Further studies are needed to explore the association between receiving counseling after a wildfire and presenting with likely MDD.
相似文献To examine cross-sectional associations between food insecurity and 12-month eating disorders, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders among U.S. adults.
MethodsThis study used data collected between 2001 and 2003 from 2914 participants in the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication, a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (mean age = 44.9 years; 53.4% female). Twelve-month food insecurity was assessed with a modified version of the Short Form U.S. Household Food Security Scale. Twelve-month DSM-IV diagnoses of mental disorders were based on the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Modified Poisson regression models were conducted, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and income-to-poverty ratio.
ResultsFood insecurity was experienced by 11.1% of participants. Food insecurity was associated with greater prevalence of bulimic-spectrum eating disorders (prevalence ratio [PR] = 3.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.26–6.42), mood disorders (PR = 2.53; 95% CI 1.96–3.29), and anxiety disorders (PR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.39–2.07).
ConclusionResults indicate that food insecurity is associated with a range of internalizing mental disorders, though these findings should be confirmed with contemporary data to reflect DSM-5 diagnostic updates and the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings from this study emphasize the need to expand food insecurity interventions and improve access to mental health services for food-insecure populations.
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