鹿茸有效成分对小鼠肝脏RNA和蛋白质合成的影响

多次给小鼠po鹿茸多胺30mg/kg,对[³H]leucine和[³H]uridine掺入肝组织蛋白和RNA有明显的促进作用,而庸茸非多胺则无此作用;当腐胺剂量为21mg/kg时,不仅促进[³H]leucine和[³H]uridiae掺入肝组织蛋白和RNA,也促进[³H]uridine掺入肝细胞核的RNA中,并增强RNA聚合酶的活性;精脒在剂量为8mg/kg时,仅对[³H]leucine掺入肝组织蛋白有促进;而精胺在1mg/kg时,没有观察到上述各种现象。此结果提示,鹿茸多胺类物质是鹿茸中刺激小鼠肝组织蛋白和RNA合成的主要活性物质,这 种刺激小鼠肝组织蛋白和RNA合成效应是由于鹿茸多胺能够显著地增强RNA聚合酶的活性。     

鹿茸多胺对小鼠肝细胞RNA聚合酶活性的影响

多次给小鼠po鹿茸多胺(PASPA)30mg/kg,可明显促进[³H]leucine和[³H]uridine掺入肝组织蛋白质和RNA。体外实验证明,鹿茸多胺在较低浓度(1～10μg/ml)时,对RNA聚合酶活性呈明显的增强作用。提示,鹿茸多胺刺激小鼠肝组织蛋白和RNA合成效应是由于其能够明显增强RNA聚合酶活性,尤其是显著增强RNA聚合酶Ⅱ的活性。     

茜草双酯对小鼠免疫功能的抑制作用(英文)

目的:研究茜草双酯对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:采用免疫药理学常用方法即血清溶菌酶含量的测定,迟发型超敏反应的测定,血清溶血素的测定,[~3H]TdR参入的小鼠全血白细胞吞噬能力的测定,鼠脾空斑形成细胞溶血能力的测定,T和B淋巴细胞转化能力的测定.结果:茜草双酯125,500,2000mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)降低血清溶菌酶含量和全血白细胞吞噬功能;使PFC溶血能力和HC_(50)产生减少;抑制DTH反应;体内给药体外测定,抑制[~3H]TdR参入的PHA与LPS诱导的淋巴细胞转化.以上作用呈一定的剂量依赖性.结论:茜草双酯对正常小鼠特异和非特异性免疫功能均有不同程度的抑制作用.     

甘糖酯在小鼠体内的药代动力学研究

用同位素标记法研究了[~3H]甘糖酯1次灌胃后在小鼠体内的药代动力学,其血药浓度——时间曲线符合一室开放模型。小鼠灌服[~3H]甘糖酯25mg/kg(4.48MB_q/kg)后的药动学参数为:t_(1/2)Ka 0.24h;t_(1/2)β67h,V_d921mL,Cl9.58ml/h,AUC41.45mg/(mL·h),F79.3％,PPB54.9％。该药广泛分布于肝、肾、脾、胸腺、肾上腺、肺、心、肌肉和脑内。主要经尿道与粪便排泄。     

槲皮素对血管紧张素Ⅱ致培养乳鼠心肌细胞肥大的抑制作用

目的:研究槲皮素(Quercetin,Que)对血管紧张素Ⅱ(Aug Ⅱ)诱发培养乳鼠心肌细胞肥大的抑制作用及机制。方法:分别用[~3H]胸苷、[~(14)C]尿苷和[~3H]酪氨酸标记测定DNA、RNA和蛋白质合成;用Lowry法测定蛋白质含量;用组蛋白ⅢS、[γ-~(32)P]ATP与蛋白激酶C(PKC)酶液一起保温测定PKC活性;用聚谷氨酸·酪氨酸(4:1)多肽、[γ-~(32)P]ATP与酪氨酸蛋白激酶(TPK)酶液一起保温测TPK活性。结果:Aug Ⅱ作用于心肌细胞24h后,心肌细胞总蛋白含量明显增加(P<0.01),[~(14)C]尿苷和[~3H]酪氨酸掺入量明显增加(P<0.01),而[~3H]胸苷掺入量未见增加(P>0.05);Aug Ⅱ作用30min后,心肌细胞PKC和TPK活性明显增加。Que(1-100μmol/L)能剂量依赖性地抑制Ang Ⅱ所致心肌细胞总蛋白含量、[~(14)C]尿苷和[~3H]酪氨酸掺入量、PKC及TPK活性的增加。结论:Que可抑制Aug Ⅱ致培养乳鼠心肌细胞肥大,该作用与抑制PKC及TPK活性有关。     

异叶梁王茶甙Ⅲ和Ⅳ的结构

继前报后,又从异叶梁王茶[Nothopanax davidii(France)Harms]树皮中分离得到两种五环三萜皂甙。经化学和波谱(IR,~1HNMR,~(13)CHMR,~1H-~1HCOSY,~(13)C-~1H COSY,MS)分析,分别鉴定为3-O-α-(2’,4’-O-二乙酰基)-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-3β-羟基齐墩果-12-烯-28,29-双羧酸-28-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1-4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1—6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]酯甙(Ⅲ),命名为异叶梁王茶甙Ⅲ和3-O-β-(2-O-乙酰基)-D-吡喃木糖-3β-羟齐墩果-12-烯-28,29-双羧酸甙(Ⅳ),命名为异叶梁王茶甙Ⅳ。这两种皂甙均系首次从植物中分出的新化合物。     

人参甙鹿茸精对雄性大鼠生殖内分泌功能的影响

雄性大鼠离体腺体经加入人参甙或鹿茸精培养后,用放射受体法测定出LH分泌值非常显著增加,若同时加入前列腺素合成抑制剂消炎痛,则LH值较前者显著降低。据此推测人参甙和鹿茸精对LH分泌的兴奋作用是经前列腺素参与调控的。年轻雄性大鼠皮下注射参、茸二药液后,血浆中睾九酮含量前者无显昔增加,后者有显著增加;同时睾丸组织对~(125)Ⅰ—hCG结合力,即受体功能两者皆无明显变化。     

山莨菪碱抑制酵母多糖刺激小鼠巨噬细胞释放前列腺素及白三烯

酵母多糖刺激[~3H]AA预标的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞可释放[~3H]AA代谢物LTC_4,LTB_4,TXB_2,6-keto-PGF_(1α)及PGE_2.山莨菪碱可显著抑制上述刺激释放作用,使总~3H释放量及各[~3H]AA代谢物释放量均显著减少.这种抑制作用随山莨菪碱剂量增加而增强.当其浓度为0.5 mmol/L时.总~3H释放量下降46％(2 h),45％(5 h)及34％(15 h).本实验结果进一步证实山莨菪碱是通过抑制AA释放而减少PG及LT的形成.     

牛磺酸对苯并[a]芘短期暴露小鼠学习记忆与焦虑样行为的影响

目的观察牛磺酸对苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)短期暴露致小鼠学习记忆与焦虑样行为的影响,探讨牛磺酸改善B[a]P神经毒性的可行性。方法选取12周龄健康雄性昆明小鼠48只,按体重采用随机数字表法分为对照组(橄榄油)、B[a]P染毒组(5 mg/kg·bw)、B[a]P(5 mg/kg·bw)+牛磺酸(150 mg/kg·bw)组及牛磺酸(150 mg/kg·bw)组,每组12只,橄榄油和B[a]P隔日腹腔注射,牛磺酸通过灌胃给药,1次/d,持续30 d。旷场试验观察焦虑样行为,Morris水迷宫测试小鼠学习记忆功能。结果旷场实验结果显示,与对照组比较,B[a]P组小鼠旷场区探索的总运动距离和周边区运动距离明显增加,中央区进入次数、中央区停留时间和直立次数明显减少,上述指标差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);与B[a]P组比较,B[a]P+牛磺酸组小鼠的总运动距离、周边区运动距离明显减少,中央区进入次数、中央区停留时间明显增加,上述指标差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,牛磺酸组小鼠上述测试结果未出现明显改变,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Morris水迷宫实验结果显示,与对照组比较,B[a]P组小鼠在定位航行测试中的登台潜伏期明显延迟,从第2天开始,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),探索测试中的首次登台时间明显延长、穿越平台次数和平台象限停留时间明显减少,上述指标差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);与B[a]P组比较,B[a]P+牛磺酸组小鼠在定位航行测试中的登台潜伏期明显缩短,在探索测试中首次登台时间明显缩短、穿越平台次数和平台象限停留时间明显增加,上述指标差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,牛磺酸组小鼠上述测试结果未出现明显改变,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 B[a]P短期暴露可导致小鼠空间学习记忆能力损伤,引起焦虑样行为的改变。牛磺酸对B[a]P短期暴露诱发的小鼠学习记忆损伤和焦虑样行为有改善作用。     

左旋千金藤立定加强尾核脑片多巴胺释放(英文)

观察左旋千金藤立定((-)-stepholidine,SPD)对家兔尾核脑片多巴胺(DA)释放的影响.方法:以[~3H]DA预孵脑片,测定DA放射性.结果:选择性D_2受体激动剂LY171555以剂量依赖方式抑制电诱发的兔尾核脑片[~3H]DA释放.SPD可翻转LY 171555对[~3H]DA释放的抑制作用,并以剂量依赖方式加强[~3H]DA释放,在无电刺激条件下,SPD诱发大鼠尾核[~3H]DA释放被蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C,PKC)激活剂咐波酯所加强.结论:SPD对突触前D_2自身受体是阻滞剂.     

Effect of arrhythmogenic doses of deslanoside on the uptake of monoamines in brain tissue and in cardiac tissue.

The purpose of our study was to determine whether a toxic arrhythmogenic dose of digitalis administered to an in vivo preparation would affect the neuronal uptake of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine in brain tissue and norepinephrine in cardiac tissue. This was investigated by intoxicating anesthetized cats with deslanoside, removing cardiac and brain tissue at the onset of ventricular fibrillation, and examining the ability of brain tissue to accumulate [3H]-NE, [3H]-T-HT and [3H]-DA and cardiac tissue to accumulate [3H]-NE. It was found that deslanoside inhibited uptake of [3H]-NE into the left ventricle and [3H]5-HT into the area postrema. These selective effects may reflect greater blood flow to these regions or different sensitivities of the transport mechanisms for these amines. This inhibition of uptake into both left ventricular tissue and area postrema may contribute to some of the cardiovascular and emetic effects seen with digitalis drugs.     

3H]3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) interactions with brain membranes and glass fiber filter paper

The binding of [3H]3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [( 3H]MDMA) to both rat brain membrane preparations and glass fiber filter papers was analyzed in the present study. Saturation studies indicate that [3H]MDMA binding is saturable and monophasic in both the presence and absence of rat brain membranes. This apparent 'specific' binding of [3H]MDMA in both the presence and absence of brain homogenates was totally eliminated by pretreating glass fiber filter papers with polyethylenimine. Drug competition studies demonstrated that [3H]MDMA binding displays a distinct 'pharmacological' profile in the absence of brain tissue. These data indicate that apparent [3H]MDMA binding to rat brain homogenates results from artifactual of [3H]MDMA to glass fiber filter paper. In addition, uptake of [3H]MDMA into rat brain synaptosomes could not be detected. We conclude the [3H]MDMA has limited usefulness in radioligand binding studies.     

Comparison of the uptake of [3H]-gabapentin with the uptake of L-[3H]-leucine into rat brain synaptosomes.

1. Gabapentin is a novel anticonvulsant with an unknown mechanism of action. Homogenate binding studies described elsewhere have suggested that [3H]-gabapentin binds to a site in brain similar to the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) uptake site, termed system-L. 2. This study describes an investigation into the uptake of [3H]-gabapentin into a crude synaptosomal preparation from cerebral cortex of rat brain. Characterization studies showed that [3H]-gabapentin is taken up into synaptosomes by a system that is similar to that responsible for the uptake of L-[3H]-leucine. This system is sodium-independent, temperature-sensitive and requires ATP for function. 3. Kinetic studies of [3H]-gabapentin uptake produced a Michaelis constant (KM = 160 microM) similar to that observed for L-[3H]-leucine (KM = 110.3 microM). Vmax values were 837.1 pmol mg-1 protein min-1 and 2.192 nmol mg-1 protein min-1 respectively. 4. Gabapentin and L-leucine mutually inhibit their uptake. Lineweaver-Burke plots of these data demonstrate that inhibition occurs by a competitive mechanism. Further to this the Dixon transformation of the data illustrates that these two substrates share a common uptake site by the similarity between their calculated Ki and KM values (gabapentin inhibition of L-[3H]-leucine uptake: Ki = 160 microM; L-leucine inhibition of [3H]-gabapentin uptake: Ki = 262 microM). 5. Studies into the effect of gabapentin, the system-L-specific ligand 2-(-)-endoamino-bicycloheptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH), and the system-A-specific ligand alpha-(methyl-amino)-isobutyric acid (MeAIB), on the initial rate of uptake of [3H]-glycine, L-[3H]-glutamate, L-[3H]-glutamine, and L-[3H]-leucine were performed. At 100 microM, gabapentin significantly inhibited initial rate of uptake of [3H]-glycine (29%), L-[3H]-glutamate (22%) and L-[3H]-leucine (40%). 6. Gabapentin is taken up into synaptosomes by a system similar to system-L, responsible for the uptake of large neutral amino acids. Gabapentin will also inhibit the uptake of certain excitatory amino acids in this synaptosomal preparation. The implications of these findings for the mechanism of action for gabapentin are unclear. The data presented here may suggest an intracellular site for mechanism of action for this compound. Similarly changes in levels of amino acid pools may be involved in the mechanism of gabapentin's anticonvulsant action.     

Characterization of specific [3H]dimethylstaurosporine binding to protein kinase C

The microbial alkaloid staurosporine is a member of a recently described family of protein kinase inhibitors. [N,N-dimethyl-3H]N-dimethylstaurosporine ([3H]DMS) was prepared from staurosporine by methylation with [3H]methyl iodide. Since staurosporine inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) most potently, the binding of [3H]DMS to this enzyme was examined. Unlike [20-3H(N)]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu) binding to PKC, [3H]DMS binding was not calcium or phosphatidylserine (PS) dependent. Binding was reversible, with a T1/2 of 69 min and a Koff of 0.01/min. Non-specific binding was defined by a 500-fold molar excess of staurosporine and was less than 10% of total [3H]DMS binding. Specific binding of [3H]DMS was consistent with a single class of binding sites with a Kd of 3.8 +/- 0.6 nM and a Bmax of 675 +/- 30 pmol/g tissue. In competition experiments, staurosporine inhibited [3H]DMS binding with a Ki of 4.7 +/- 0.6 nM, indicating that the two alkaloids had a similar potency for PKC. Also, unlabeled DMS and staurosporine inhibited [3H]DMS binding and PKC catalysis with equivalent potencies. Highly purified rat brain PKC bound equimolar amounts of [3H]PDBu and [3H]DMS. In contrast, crude rat brain PKC, which had been proteolysed to generate a PS and Ca2+ independent enzyme (PK-M) retained the ability to bind [3H]DMS, but not [3H]PDBu. In addition, the kinase inhibitors K-252a and H-7 [1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine] inhibited [3H]DMS binding, whereas PDBu did not. These results indicate that [3H]DMS is a useful ligand to identify catalytic inhibitors of kinase activity and to explore their mechanisms of action.     

Binding of [3H]cimetidine to rat brain tissue

Binding of [3H]cimetidine to rat brain tissue was investigated, and a saturable binding with dissociation constant 0.22 +/- 0.05 microM found. This binding is inhibited by a range of imidazole-derived histamine H2-receptor antagonists, but not by a number of non-imidazole H2-receptor antagonists. It is concluded that the [3H]cimetidine binding site in rat brain tissue that is labelled in these experiments is not the histamine H2-receptor.     

The 'allosteric modulator' SCH-202676 disrupts G protein-coupled receptor function via sulphydryl-sensitive mechanisms

1. Previous studies suggest that the thiadiazole compound SCH-202676 (N-(2,3-diphenyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-(2H)-ylidene)methanamine) acts as an allosteric modulator of a variety of structurally distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It was postulated that SCH-202676 would directly bind a structural motif in the receptor molecule common to divergent members of the GPCR family. The molecular mechanisms of such a promiscuous action, however, remain obscure. 2. To clarify the mechanism of SCH-202676 action, we used the functional approach of [35S]GTPgammaS autoradiography with rat brain cryostat sections together with classical membrane [35S]GTPgammaS binding assays to evaluate how the thiadiazole affects G protein activity mediated by various receptors linked to the Gi-family of G proteins. 3. We found that in the absence of dithiotreitol (DTT), SCH-202676 (10(-7)-10(-5) M) elicits nonspecific effects in the [35S]GTPgammaS-based G protein activation assays, thereby severely compromising interpretations on the compounds ability to allosterically inhibit receptor-mediated G protein activity. Such a nonspecific behaviour was fully reversed upon addition of DTT (1 mM), revealing thiol-based mechanism of action. 4. In routine incubations containing DTT, SCH-202676 had no effect on receptor-driven G protein activity, as assessed for adenosine A1, alpha2-adrenergic, cannabinoid CB1, lysophosphatidic acid LPA1, muscarinic M2/M4, purinergic P2Y12 or sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors, suggesting that the thiadiazole does not act as an allosteric modulator of GPCR function. 5. 1H NMR analysis indicated that SCH-202676 underwent structural changes after incubation with the reducing agent DTT or with brain tissue. 6. We conclude that SCH-202676 modulates GPCRs via thiol modification rather than via true allosteric mechanisms.     

Nicotine binding to brain tissue from drug-naive and nicotine-treated rats

Two nicotine binding sites with dissociation constants for nicotine of approximately 3 nM and 12 μM respectively have been found in homogenates of rat hippocampus, hypothalamus, parietal cortex and mesencephalon, the greatest density of high affinity binding sites being in parietal cortex (30.0 ± 3.0 fmol (mg protein)^?1), the lowest in hypothalamus (16.1 ± 1.0 fmol (mg protein)^?1). The density of the low affinity sites (approx. 20 pmol (mg protein)^?1) did not show any regional variation. Neither site was present in homogenates of medulla oblongata. The accumulation of radioactivity following the subcutaneous administration of [³H]nicotine (0.4 mg kg^?1) was rapid, the highest concentrations being found in the brain regions with the highest density of high affinity binding sites. Medulla oblongata did not accumulate radioactivity above the concentration found in plasma. The chronic administration of nicotine (0.4 mg kg^?1 s.c. daily for 39 days) had no significant effects on [³H]nicotine binding to brain tissue or its accumulation into brain following subcutaneous administration. It is concluded that nicotine readily passes from plasma into brain tissue and is accumulated in the areas containing high affinity binding sites for the compound. It is also concluded that the biochemical and behavioural effects reported previously in response to the chronic daily administration of nicotine do not depend upon changes in its uptake or binding by brain tissue.     

Interaction of the hexamethonium derivative W84, an allosteric effector at muscarinic cholinoreceptors, with rat brain nicotinic binding sites

The hexamethonium derivative W84 (hexamethylene-bis-[dimethyl-(3-phthalimidopropyl)-ammonium bromide]) combined with atropine has an overadditive protective action against organophosphorus intoxications. It affects allosterically the binding of (-) [3H]N-methylscopolamine [(3H]NMS) to muscarinic cholinoceptors. Because nicotinic receptors are involved in organophosphorus intoxications, the interaction of W84 with nicotinic cholinoceptors was investigated. (-) [3H]nicotine (2.5 nM) was used to label nicotinic binding sites in rat brain membranes in 50 nM Tris, pH 7.3 at 23 degrees. Under control conditions, (-) [3H]nicotine-binding revealed a KD of 4 X 10(-9) M and a Bmax of 53 fmol/mg membrane protein. W84 inhibited (- ) [3H]nicotine-binding with an IC50 of 3 X 10(-5) M by reducing the binding affinity. The IC50 of hexamethonium was 20 X 10(-5) M. At 10(-4) M, W84 did not affect the dissociation rate of (-)[3H]nicotine, suggesting a lack of allosteric activity. For sake of comparison, the action of W84 was checked on [3H]NMS-binding (control: KD approximately 1 X 10(-9) M, Bmax approximately 500 fmol/mg prot). W84 inhibited the binding of [3H]NMS (0.5 nM) with an IC50 of 1.5 X 10(-9) M. At 10(-4) M, W84 prevented [3H]NMS-dissociation almost completely, thus displaying the allosteric action at muscarinic cholinoceptors. In conclusion, the results of the (-)[3H]nicotine-binding experiments point to a pure competitive action of W84 at nicotine cholinoceptors, lacking any allosteric effect. This competitive action may contribute to the protective effect of W84 in organophosphorus poisoning.     

Central and peripheral prazosin binding: An in vitro autoradioraphic study in the rat

Using an in vitro autoradiographic technique the binding of [³H]prazosin to brain, spinal cord, heart and vascular tissue was studied. Histologically prepared tissue sections were incubated in 5 nM [³H]prazosin or 5nM [³H]prazosin in the presence of 100 μM unlabelled prazosin base in order to establish sites exhibiting specific prazosin binding. Dense prazosin binding sites were found in all arterial tissue examined except mesenteric artery. Dense prazosin binding was also found in cardiac tissue. Prazosin binding to veins was present sometimes but often absent. Prazosin does not readily pass the blood brain barrier and in this in vitro study the only area, within the central nervous system, showing specific prazosin binding sites was the olfactory bulb. The selective binding of prazosin, an α₁-adrenoceptor antagonist, to arterial and cardiac tissue would suggest that the antihypertension induced by prazosin is mediated by a peripheral action.