可乐定镇痛与中枢Ca~(2+)的关系

用大鼠甩尾法和放射配基结合实验,探讨了可乐定镇痛与中枢Ca~(2+)的关系。CaCl_2(1μmol/rat,icv)和EGTA(0.2μmol/rat,icv)分别拮抗和增强可乐定(1mg/kg,sc)的镇痛。戊脉安(0.1μmol/rat,icy)对可乐定(1 mg/kg,sc)镇痛无明显影响,但可部分翻转CaCl_2对可乐定镇痛的拮抗。CaCl_2(1×10~(-3)mol)对[~3H]-可乐定结合无明显抑制。结果表明可乐定镇痛与脑室周围组织中Ca~(2+)浓度变化密切相关,Ca~(2+)至少部分需经对戊脉安敏感的钙通道进入细胞内方可拮抗可乐定镇痛。推沦:可乐定镇痛与神经元内Ca~(2+)有关。     

异黄酮化合物1461扩血管作用的探讨

本文通过离体兔主动脉条实验,证明1461对血管平滑肌有明显的松弛作用。其作用能被心得安减弱。又能使NA效应曲线右移,同样浓度10~(-5)M酚妥拉明、戊脉安及1461,它们的ID_(50)(即50％抑制量)分别为<4.5、5.6及6.58。1461与戊脉安对高K~+去极化所致的收缩有明显的抑制作用,1461(1.6×10~(-3)M与戊脉安(1.6×10~(-4)M)对KC1的阻遏率分别为43.7％及95.1％。在无Ca~(2+)溶液中,1461与戊脉安都能明显对抗外Ca~(2+)的收缩作用,又能使KC1最大反应率明显下降。据此,我们初步认为1461对血管平滑肌的松弛作用与戊脉安相似,但作用较弱。     

钾通道激活剂扩张血管的原理

前言血管扩张的主要原理,被认为与细胞溶质内游离Ca~(2+)浓度降低有关。当Ca~(2+)为0.1μmol/L时,血管平滑肌松弛;当Ca~(2+)为5～10μmol/L时,则这些细胞最大限度收缩。在生理情况下,细胞溶质内游离Ca~(2+)浓度>0.1μmol/L;但维持细胞张力所需要的Ca~(2+)浓度,随着血管组织、部位和种类等不同而异。血管扩张涉及多种过程。例如,电压依     

蛇床子素对豚鼠离体回肠和结肠带的作用

以豚鼠离体回肠和结肠带为标本,观察蛇床子素(Ost)的作用与Ca~(2+)的关系。结果表明:Ost和钙拮抗剂Ver产生剂量依赖性抑制乙酰胆碱(ACh)、组胺及KCl所致回肠条或结肠带的收缩;非竞争性拮抗CaCl_2累积量—效曲线,pD_2分别为4.41±0.15,7.0±0.2。Ost 100μmol/L和Ver 1μmol/L均能对抗小剂量Ca~(2+)所致结肠带收缩,但被加入较大量Ca~(2+)所取消。Ost和Ver均能抑制ACh诱导的依内钙性收缩,不影响依外钙性收缩。结果提示Ost具有钙拮抗作用,其作用方式与Ver类似。     

牛磺酸对大鼠心肌Ca~(2+)调节作用的研究

研究了牛磺酸对大鼠离体左心室肌~(45)Ca内流的影响。对照组~(45)Ca内流与KH液中Ca_-~(2+)浓度有关。当Ca~(2+)浓度分别为0.62(低Ca~(2+)),1.25(正常Ca_-~(2+))和1.87(高Ca_-~(2+))mmol/L时,~(45)Ca内流相应为1.02±0.25,1.37±0.14,和1.45±0.14μmol/g。加入牛磺酸后,上述情况显著改变。低Ca_-~(2+),Tau 10、20、40mmol/L能分别使~(45)Ca内流增加为1.11±0.11,1.45±0.12和1.48±0.09μmol/g:正常Ca~(2+)时,Tau 10、20、40mmol/L能分别使~(45)Ca内流减少为1.19±0.07,1.14±0.23和0.97±0.24μmol/g:高Ca~(2+)时、Tau 10、20、40mmol/L能使~(45)Ca内流显著降低为1.12±0.05,0.58±0.18和0.53±0.10μmol/g。结果表明不同Ca~(2+)浓度能影响心肌~(45)Ca内流,牛磺酸对心肌~(45)Ca内流有双向调节作用,这可能在其抗心律失常机制中起重要作用。     

dl-四氢巴马汀与戊脉安对豚鼠左心房的作用比较

dl-四氢巴马汀具有浓度依赖性负性肌力作用。对异丙肾上腺素量—效反应的影响与戊脉安相似,不同于β-受体竞争性拮抗剂心得安。对Ca~(2+)量—效反应的影响与戊脉安相似,表现为非竞争性拮抗作用,还具有频率依赖性负性肌力反应。结果说明dl-四氢巴马汀对豚鼠左心房肌的作用与戊脉安相似,可能具有Ca~(2+)拮抗作用。     

赛庚啶对离体犬心肌肌质网Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)—ATP酶活性和~(45)Ca~(2+)摄取功能的影响

当赛庚啶浓度在8×10~(-6)mol/L～2×10~(-4)mol/L之间时,该药对正常犬心肌肌质网Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)—ATP酶活性几乎没有影响,仅在10~(-3)mol/L时对该酶活性才有一定的抑制作用(抑制率为39.85%,P<0.01)。正常犬心肌肌质网的~(45)Ca~(2+)摄取过程有明显的时间依赖性,至第30 min,其~(45)Ca~(2+)摄取量可达312.79±22.25 nmol/mg protein.赛庚啶对心肌肌质网的~(45)Ca~(2+)摄取有一定的抑制作用,其IC_(50)为1.94×10~(-4)mol/L。     

心肌细胞钙通道的特性与调节

<正> 可兴奋细胞的跨膜Ca~(2+) 内流对维持其细胞功能具有极其重要的意义,它参与许多重要生理过程,诸如:肌肉收缩、递质释放、激素分泌、酶活性调节和膜离子通透性等。有关Ca~(2+)在心肌兴奋—收缩耦联过程中的作用正在深入而广泛地进行研究。 心肌细胞在静息状态时,细胞内游离的Ca~(2+)浓度约在10~(-7)mol/L,兴奋时则增高到10~(-6)～10~(-5)mol/L范围,此改变一方面是因胞外Ca~(2+)(10~(-3)mol/L)进入     

前胡丙素对豚鼠心房和兔主动脉条的钙拮抗作用

前胡丙素(Pra—C)非竞争性抑制CaCl_2和高钾除极化所致兔主动脉条的收缩,pD’_2值分别为4.9和5.0;抑制5—HT诱导的依外钙性收缩,但不影响依内钙性收缩及NE诱导的收缩;Pra—C5～50μmol/L浓度依赖性地抑制豚鼠左房收缩力和阶梯现象;Pra—C抑制血管与心脏的IC_(50)之比为1:8。结果提示Pra—C对血管和心脏的抑制作用可能与拮抗Ca~(2+)有关,且主要影响经PDCs的外钙内流。     

Fura—2荧光测定眼镜蛇心脏毒引起细胞胞浆Ca~(2+)浓度的变化

用Fura—2荧光技术直接测定眼镜蛇心脏毒(CTX)对大鼠泪腺细胞胞浆Ca~(2+)浓度的影响。在无Ca~(2+)的介液下,CTX可使胞浆Ca~(2+)浓度升高;随之加入1mmol/L CaCl_2可使胞浆Ca~(2+)浓度进一步升高。表明CTX能引起胞内Ca~(2+)释放和胞外Ca~(2+)内流。8mmol/L CaCl_2能阻断CTX升高胞浆Ca~(2+)浓度的作用。     

乙醇对离体豚鼠心房肌的作用

目的　观察乙醇 (ethanol)对豚鼠离体心房肌生理特性的影响 ,并探讨其作用机制。方法　采用豚鼠左右离体心房测定ethanol对其自动节律、收缩力、功能不应期、静息后增强效应和正阶梯现象的影响。结果　ethanol(12 5 ,2 5 0 ,5 0 0 ,10 0 0 ,2 0 0 0mmol·L-1)明显降低豚鼠离体右心房肌的收缩力 ,同时减慢心率 ;ethanol(12 5 ,2 5 0 ,5 0 0 ,10 0 0 ,2 0 0 0mmol·L-1)抑制豚鼠离体左心房肌的收缩力 ,明显抑制左心房静息后增强效应 ;高浓度ethanol(10 0mmol·L-1、2 0 0mmol·L-1)延长左心房的功能不应期 ,并且抑制左心房正阶梯现象。结论　ethanol具有降低心房自律性、抑制心房肌收缩力、抑制左心房静息后增强效应、延长左心房功能不应期和抑制左心房正阶梯现象的作用 ,其负性变频和负性变力作用可能与抑制心肌细胞内贮钙的释放有关     

赛庚啶对豚鼠乳头状肌的收缩性与动作电位的影响

Cyp对豚鼠孔头状肌有浓度依赖性负性肌力作用,提高浴液钙浓度此作用减弱,对高K~+除极后ISO恢复的收缩抑制作用更强。较高浓度的Cyp使频率依赖性正阶梯现象取消和翻转。对乳头状肌AP,Cyp浓度依赖性地使APD_(20),APD_(50),APD_(90)和ERP缩短。灌流液中Ca~(2+)降低或升高分别使该作用增强或减弱,K~+的改变对其作用影响较小。提示Cyp对豚鼠乳头状肌收缩性和AP的作用可能主要是抑制心肌跨膜Ca~(2+)内流所致。     

钩藤碱对豚鼠结肠带收缩反应的影响

以维拉帕米为对照,观察了钩藤碱对豚鼠离体结肠带收缩反应的影响。钩藤碱对乙酰胆碱或高钾去极化后Ca~(2+)诱发的结肠带收缩均产生剂量依赖性抑制作用,量效曲线显示,钩藤碱呈非竞争性拮抗CaCl_2作用,pD’_2值为4.94±0.05。在无钙液中钩藤碱与维拉帕米相似,能抑制乙酰胆碱诱发的结肠带收缩,表明对结肠带依赖细胞内Ca~(2+)的收缩有抑制作用。当恢复细胞外液Ca~(2+)浓度后,维拉帕米对依赖细胞外Ca~(2+)所致收缩无明显影响,而较大剂量的钩藤碱却产生明显抑制作用。     

Ca2+ entry blockers, force staircase and the onset of the positive inotropic action of cardiotonic steroids in isolated cardiac muscle

1. Effects of alterations of Ca2+ fluxes on the force staircase phenomenon and on the positive inotropic action of strophanthidin or ouabain were examined in left atrial muscle preparations isolated from rabbit or rat heart. 2. The organic Ca2+ entry blockers converted the positive force staircase observed in rabbit heart to the negative staircase; however, Ni2+, Co2+ or a reduction of the extracellular Ca2+ concentration which reduces Ca2+ influx via the Na+/Ca2+ exchange mechanism as well as via the Ca2+ channels, failed to convert the force staircase. 3. All of these interventions or ryanodine, which inhibits Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, delayed the onset of the positive inotropic effect of strophanthidin or ouabain without reducing the peak inotropic effect. 4. These results indicate that either Ca2+ antagonists reduce the Na+ influx in addition to reducing Ca2+ influx, or Ca2+ influx per se and not the Na+ influx is important for the staircase phenomenon, and that intracellular Ca2+ accumulation plays an important role in the early phase of the positive inotropic effect of the cardiotonic steroids.     

Negative inotropic effects of tiapamil (Ro11-1781) and verapamil in rabbit myocardium

The effects of tiapamil (Ro11-1781) and verapamil on contractility were studied at 1 Hz in isolated rabbit left atrium and right ventricular papillary muscle. The ED₅₀ of tiapamil for the depression of contractility was 33 and 18 times higher than that of verapamil in the former and latter tissue, respectively. In the presence of 100 μM of tiapamil or 10 μM verapamil, the positive staircase phenomenon in papillary muscle was reversed to a negative one. Also, the depression of contractility tended to be less in the first and second responses after a longer interruption of driving stimuli. Both drugs antagonized the inotropic effects of Ca²⁺ competitively and the pA₂ for tiapamil was less than that for verapamil by 1.01. The potency ratios of tiapamil to verapamil for the contractility in this study correspond roughly with those found in clinical use.     

L-四氢巴马汀对离体豚鼠心房的作用

THP和Ver均能对抗CaCl_2所致离体豚鼠右房正性频率作用,非竞争性拮抗CaCl_2左房正性肌力作用以及Iso右房正性频率和左房正性肌力作用。THP和Ver浓度依赖性和频率依赖性地抑制左房收缩中的阶梯现象,使正阶梯翻转为负阶梯。而对休息后加强影响较小。结果提示THP对心房的抑制作用与Ver相似,与拮抗Ca~(2+)有关,可能主要通过抑制心肌细胞外Ca~(2+)内流所致。     

山莨菪碱对A_(23187)诱导的血小板内游离钙升高的影响

应用Quin-2测得含有1mmol/L CaCl_2和2mmol/L EGTA的介质中血小板内静息游离钙浓度为52.1±5.2nmol/L和28.4±5.1nmol/L。A_(23187)诱导的血小板在有钙或无钙时胞浆游离钙增加的峰值分别为145.8±30.8nmol/L和34.4±2.4nmol/L,山莨菪碱对静息游离钙和无外源钙时A_(23187)刺激的游离钙无影响,山莨菪碱(100μmol/L,25μmol/L)、维拉帕米(10μmol/L)分别降低有外源钙时A_(23187)诱导的游离钙峰值38%、34%、25%。山莨菪碱具有钙拮抗作用。     

Negative inotropic properties of isradipine, nifedipine, diltiazem, and verapamil in diseased human myocardial tissue.

We investigated the inotropic responses to Ca2+ antagonists using electrically driven human papillary muscle strips and human auricular trabeculae. Specimens were obtained during cardiac surgery for mitral valve replacement [New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II-III] or heart transplantation (NYHA IV) and during aortocoronary bypass operations. The inotropic effects were studied with cumulative concentration-response curves. All Ca2+ antagonists tested significantly (p less than 0.05) depressed force of contraction at concentrations above 0.01 mumol/L, but their potencies were different. A 50% reduction of the initial force of contraction occurred at the following concentrations (NYHA II-III): nifedipine (mean IC50) 0.09 mumol/L isradipine 0.12 mumol/L, diltiazem 0.69 mumol/L, and verapamil 0.79 mumol/L. There were no significant differences in the negative inotropic effects of any tested Ca2+ antagonist between NYHA II-III and NYHA IV. When the initial force of contraction was reduced by 90%, addition of Ca2+ increased force of contraction significantly less after diltiazem (2.76 +/- 0.4 mN), isradipine (1.82 +/- 0.23 mN), and nifedipine (1.68 +/- 0.25 mN) compared to control (4.63 +/- 0.56 mN) (NYHA II-III). The negative inotropic potencies of nifedipine and verapamil were significantly greater in human auricular trabeculae compared to papillary muscle strips (p less than 0.05). However, on the relation between therapeutic vasoactive plasma concentrations and IC25 values, an entirely different rank order of potential negative inotropism could be observed: verapamil greater than nifedipine greater than diltiazem greater than isradipine.