A one-year follow-up of participants in a smoke stoppers program

A follow-up study of Smoke Stoppers participants was conducted at least one year after participation to determine the effectiveness of this approach and to identify the characteristics of those who had remained nonsmokers. The overall program success rate was determined to be 40% at best, but no worse than 32%, depending on the denominator. The following characteristics did not show a statistically significant correlation with stopping smoking: age, education, number of attempts to stop smoking, reasons for wanting to stop, total life stressors, moral support for quitting, companions with whom participants attended classes, number of cigarettes smoked, number of years smoking has continued, and employment with the hospital. Those who stopped smoking had attended significantly more classes and had a greater proclivity to gain weight than did those who resumed smoking, although large weight gains were not a problem.     

A one-year follow-up of participants in a smoke stoppers program

A follow-up study of Smoke Stoppers participants was conducted at least one year after participation to determine the effectiveness of this approach and to identify the characteristics of those who had remained nonsmokers. The overall program success rate was determined to be 40% at best, but no worse than 32%, depending on the denominator. The following characteristics did not show a statistically significant correlation with stopping smoking: age, education, number of attempts to stop smoking, reasons for wanting to stop, total life stressors, moral support for quitting, companions with whom participants attended classes, number of cigarettes smoked, number of years smoking has continued, and employment with the hospital. Those who stopped smoking had attended significantly more classes and had a greater proclivity to gain weight than did those who resumed smoking, although large weight gains were not a problem.     

A one-year follow-up study into the course of depression after stroke

Background  

Stroke patients commonly suffer from neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, that negatively influence stroke outcome. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-stroke psychiatric disorders including depression are under debate.     

Videoconferencing for orthopaedic outpatients: one-year follow-up

We studied whether consultations via videoconferencing and traditional outpatient clinic visits differ in terms of the implementation of the patient management plan during a one-year follow-up. First-admission and follow-up orthopaedic patients were randomly allocated to an outpatient visit at the surgical department of Oulu University Hospital or to videoconferencing at a health centre in Pyh?j?rvi. In a prospective one-year study, there were 145 consecutive orthopaedic patients who met the inclusion criteria: 84 referred for their first visit to a specialist and 61 of them for follow-up. There were 66 males (46%) in the study population. Over half the patients had some form of regenerative arthritis: 15% had hip arthritis, 33% knee arthritis and 4% other arthritis. There were no differences in the implementation of the management plan between the two groups. The study showed that videoconferencing is a valid alternative to outpatient clinic visits for orthopaedic specialist consultations.     

Venous thromboembolic disease in uncemented total hip replacement surgery--a one-year follow-up of 490 patients.

A retrospective study of the morbidity and mortality from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus (PE) in 490 consecutive patients undergoing uncemented total hip replacement was carried out in a district general hospital. Special diagnostic tests for DVT and PE were not available. Patients were followed up for one year. There were three deaths in hospital and eight further deaths during the first year, all unrelated to DVT and PE. The clinical incidence of venous thromboembolism was 2.04%. While clinical diagnosis of venous thromboembolic disease probably underestimates its incidence, the figures for mortality are accurate. With every patient accounted for one year after operation, there were no deaths attributable to PE in this series.     

Diisocyanate-exposed auto body shop workers: a one-year follow-up

BACKGROUND: Diisocyanates currently are the most commonly identified cause of occupational asthma in industrialized countries. Auto body shops, a common hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) exposure setting, are difficult to study due to their small size and episodic exposures. OBJECTIVES: A 1-year follow-up was undertaken as an adjunct to the cross-sectional SPRAY study (Survey of Painters & Repairers of Auto bodies by Yale) to investigate the effects of HDI on auto body shop workers over time and whether or not the healthy worker effect may exist in this industry. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-eight workers from seven shops were re-contacted. Thirty-four subjects who stayed at the same shop and 11 who left their original shop participated. No statistically significant changes in physiology, symptoms, and immunologic responses from baseline to follow-up were noted. However, significant differences between those who left the shops and those who stayed were noted. Those who left were younger, less experienced in the industry, and more likely to have a history of asthma (23 vs. 3%; P < 0.05), bronchial hyper-responsiveness (23 vs. 9%), HDI-specific IgG (64 vs. 29%; P < 0.05), and HDI-specific proliferation (S.I. 2.0 vs. 1.3; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The differences in workers who stayed at their shop compared to those who left, combined with the low asthma prevalence and high job turnover rate, all suggest that a healthy worker effect may exist in the auto body industry, and may in part account for the low prevalence of asthma noted in SPRAY and other cross-sectional studies of diisocyante workers.     

A one-year follow-up to physical activity and health. A report of the Surgeon General.

OBJECTIVES: A telephone survey of over 2000 American adults was conducted to determine their awareness of Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General and their knowledge of the health messages contained within the report. A related purpose was to determine if awareness and knowledge were a function of age, ethnicity, gender, and education level. METHODS: A random sample of American adults was drawn and a national telephone survey was conducted in the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia. RESULTS: Approximately one third of the adult population had heard of the report. Awareness was a function of age, ethnicity, and educational level. Knowledge of the relationship between physical inactivity and specific chronic diseases was a function of age, ethnicity, and gender. CONCLUSIONS: Differential awareness of the Report and its contents by various segments of the population has significant implications for the messages transmitted and interventions developed to help individuals adopt and maintain active lifestyles.     

A one-year follow-up study in anorexia nervosa. Dietary pattern and anthropometrical evolution.

OBJECTIVE: To find out the modifications and the interrelationships between the energy and macronutrient intakes and anthropometric measurements of a group of anorexia nervosa patients (ANP), with homogenous diagnosis, age and treatment, during a 1 y follow-up. DESIGN: Longitudinal study design. SUBJECTS: Fourteen restricting-type ANP in the adolescent age (11-21 y) were recruited for the study and evaluated at four time intervals during 1 y of multidisciplinary treatment: (a) on admission (AN0); (b) after 1 month (AN1); (c) after 6 months (AN6); (d) after 1 y (AN12). MEASURES: Energy and macronutrient composition of the diet (48 h recall) and anthropometric measurements including skinfold thickness. RESULTS: Mean weight and BMI were under the 3rd percentile in AN0. All anthropometrical parameters increased significantly in AN1 compared to AN0 and did not change in AN6 and AN12. Energy and macronutrient intakes increased significantly in AN1. The dietary changes were not maintained in the subsequent time intervals and there was an overall tendency to turn back to AN0 results. Energy intake adequacy to Spanish Recommended Intakes (RI) showed only an acceptable ratio in AN1 (94% RI); however, a preserved protein intake was found throughout the study (mean intakes between 128.5% and 230.0% RI). Negative correlations were found at AN12 between size of arm's subcutaneous fat stores and energy and macronutrient intakes. CONCLUSION: In this 1 y follow-up study the decrease in the intake of energy and macronutrients after discharge seems to be related to anthropometric evolution, so that a return to restrictive eating behaviour had occurred in those subjects who had reached the highest values in their subcutaneous fat stores, probably related to dissatisfaction with self-body image.     

Stability of early home intervention effects with preterm infants: one-year follow-up

The effects of an early home intervention program with prematurely born young children and their parents were assessed one year after the intervention ended, or at 28 months of age. The preterm control group continued to perform more poorly than did the preterm treatment groups or the full term control group on the Bayley motor scale. The full term group performed better than did the preterm groups on the Bayley mental scale. The preterm control group also continued to show lower maternal involvement and variety of stimulation than did the treatment groups or the full term group. While the HOME results at 28 months were not as markedly in favor of the treatment and full term groups as they were at 16 months, they continued to reflect better home environments for these than for preterm control group. These results support the claim that early home intervention focussed on the parents as active partners in the intervention and active learners of problem solving strategies of parenting issues results in lasting beneficial effects for both children and parents.     

食管癌/贲门癌病变患者生命质量随访研究

摘要:目的　评价食管癌/贲门癌病变患者治疗前后生命质量变化情况。方法　以河南林州经早诊早治项目筛查并经病理学确诊的食管癌/贲门癌癌前病变及以上患者为研究对象,运用EQ-5D量表,分别于治疗前、治疗后1、6、12个月进行生命质量评估。结果　共纳入73例癌前病变患者,88例早期癌患者,58例中晚期癌患者。治疗前3组得分分别为（0.90±0.05）、（0.87±0.09）、（0.81±0.17）分,中晚期癌组得分最低（P＜0.01）。治疗后1个月,癌前病变组得分明显降低［（0.85±0.09）分,P＜0.01）］,后逐渐恢复,12个月时超过治疗前［（0.91±0.03）分,P＜0.05）］。早期癌组得分变化趋势与癌前病变组相似,但12个月时仍低于治疗前水平［分别为（0.85±0.15）分和（0.87±0.09）分,P＝0.226）］。治疗后中晚期癌组得分持续下降,6个月时达最低［（0.74±0.28）分,P＜0.05）］,12个月时恢复到治疗前水平［（0.80±0.13）分,P＝0.624）］。结论　食管/贲门癌前病变和早期癌组生命质量始终高于中晚期癌组,提示食管/贲门癌早期识别与治疗有利于提高患者生命质量。     

Client experiences in work rehabilitation in Sweden: a one-year follow-up study

This study, carried out in a work rehabilitation unit in Sweden, investigated how clients perceived their work experiences after a one-year follow up. A semi-structured interview was administered to 14 former clients and a content analysis was applied. Seven categories were derived from the results: 'Expectations of the rehabilitation process'; 'Social relationships'; 'Client influences on the rehabilitation process'; 'Occupations engaged in during the rehabilitation programme'; 'Perceived outcome'; 'Current occupations'; and 'Future aspirations'. The dominating expectations were to find a job, with an overall desire for change. The social relationships with the staff and other clients were of great importance. The positive outcome of the rehabilitation was described as feeling better or having new skills. The perceived negative outcome was that the rehabilitation programme had not turned out as the client expected. The clients reported varying daily occupations after the rehabilitation experience and a majority were contented and optimistic about their future. The main conclusions of the study are that when planning a work rehabilitation programme, efforts have to be made to examine clients' interests and skills, and to develop a dialogue between clients and staff. Further research is needed to evaluate the work rehabilitation experience from the clients' perspective.     

Work-related upper extremity disorders: one-year follow-up in an occupational diseases registry

Purpose  

To study the course and consequences of work-related upper extremity disorders in the registry of the Netherlands Centre for Occupational Diseases (NCvB).     

A randomized trial examining differential meal replacement adherence in a weight loss maintenance program after one-year follow-up

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between patterns of meal replacement (MR) adherence and changes in outcomes during a behaviorally-oriented weight loss program. Data from the present study are based on sixty female participants (age: 29–62 years, BMI: 27.99–37.50 kg/m²). Participants were randomized into either a control or experimental condition, which tested the use of MRs during weight loss maintenance. Outcome measures included body weight, depression, physical activity, cognitive restraint, disinhibition, hunger, and binge eating collected at four assessment points. Within the experimental condition, we further examined adherence to MRs and its relationship with the outcome measures. We found evidence of differences at baseline on some measures (e.g., weight, physical activity and depression) while on others (cognitive restraint, disinhibition, and hunger), differences that emerged over the course of treatment. Further research is necessary to determine if there are measures associated with successful MR use that can be detected at baseline and if MR adherence itself leads to changes in eating behavior.     

Incidence and recurrent work-related violence towards healthcare workers and subsequent health effects. A one-year follow-up study

AIMS: The aim of the present study was to analyse the incidence of violence and threats of violence during the first year at work after graduating as a healthcare worker, the risk of re-exposure and health effects among respondents previously exposed to violence or threats. METHODS: We analysed baseline data from 5,696 healthcare students and conducted prospective multinomial regression analyses following 2,847 respondents during their first year of employment. RESULTS: At baseline we found that nearly a third of the respondents had been exposed to violence or threats of violence, 8.7% during trainee periods. At follow-up, we found that 24.6% of the healthcare workers had been exposed to violence and 33.4% to threats during the first year at work after graduation. Exposure to violence or threats during trainee periods was a strong predictor of violence (Odds ratio (OR)=3.3) and threats (OR=4.2) at follow-up. The results showed that violence or threats in previous jobs or at other places had a significant impact on the health of the victims at follow-up independent of gender, age, sense of coherence, self-efficacy and health at baseline. Exposure during trainee periods had a small but not quite significant (p=0.06) impact on the health of the victims at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows a high risk of violence and threats of violence among healthcare workers during training and the first year at work after graduation, indicating a need for violence prevention planning involving both college and workplaces.     

A one-year follow-up study on predictors of temporary leaves and drop-outs among students at a women's junior college

BACKGROUND: In Japan, the temporary leave and drop-out rate of university or junior college students has been increasing in recent years, and many cases have been attributed to psychological problems. To establish a mental health support system for entering students, we conducted a questionnaire and follow-up survey, and explored predictors of temporary leaves and drop-outs among junior college women. METHODS: Our sample consisted of 485 first-year female students attending a junior college in Osaka, Japan. Between 1998 and 2002, the following factors were assessed: lifestyle, college life, subjective well-being measured by the General Well-Being Schedule (GWBS), self-esteem, and emotional support network. A follow-up survey was conducted during 1 year. RESULTS: Thirty-seven women, who had taken temporary leaves or had dropped out during the first year, showed unfavorable responses to lifestyle, college life and/or subjective well-being compared with other students. No differences in self-esteem and emotional support network were found between the two groups. A multiple regression analysis showed that non-existence of interesting club activity, smoking, and low level of life satisfaction and emotional stability measured by the GWBS were predictors of temporary leaves and drop-outs. CONCLUSION: It may be possible to determine which students are at risk for taking temporary leaves or dropping out based on their psychological state and lifestyle at the time of enrollment in college. More support is needed to continue the students at school who are at high risk for taking temporary leaves or dropping out.     

A follow-up study of patients with bulimia

A series of 75 patients with bulimia were contacted for follow-up 12 to 15 months following outpatient evaluation in an eating disorders clinic. Overall, most patients were improved as to their eating behavior at follow-up, although the majority continued to report bulimic behavior. Most patients had participated in at least one type of therapy subsequent to evaluation and more than 20 % had received antidepressant treatment.