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1.
Matthew J. Mimiaga ScD MPH Sari L. Reisner Kevin Cranston Deborah Isenberg Donna Bright Gary Daffin Sean Bland Maura A. Driscoll Rodney VanDerwarker Benny Vega Kenneth H. Mayer 《Journal of urban health》2009,86(4):602-623
Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for HIV infection in the United States compared to other MSM.
The aim of this study was to investigate Black MSM’s sexual mixing patterns and partner characteristics in relation to sexual
risk taking, as a possible explanation for this observed increase in HIV incidence. Between January and July 2008, 197 Black
MSM were recruited via modified respondent-driven sampling and completed optional pretest and post-test HIV serological testing,
counseling, and a demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial assessment battery. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression
procedures were used to examine predictors of risky sex across partner types. Overall, 18% of the sample was HIV-infected;
50% reported unprotected intercourse with men, 30% with women, and 5% with transgender partners. Fifty-three percent identified
as bisexual or straight, although all reported oral or anal sex with another man in the prior 12 months. Significant predictors
of engaging in at least one episode of: (1) serodiscordant unprotected anal sex (UAS) with a male partner in the past 12 months:
individuals at risk for social isolation (AOR = 4.23; p = 0.03), those with unstable housing (AOR = 4.19; p = 0.03), and those who used poppers at least weekly during sex (AOR = 5.90; p = 0.05); (2) UAS and/or unprotected vaginal intercourse with a female partner in the past 12 months: those with unstable
housing (AOR = 4.85; p = 0.04), those who used cocaine at least weekly during sex (AOR = 16.78; p = 0.006), being HIV-infected (AOR = 0.07; p = 0.02), and feeling social norms favor condom use (AOR = 0.60; p = 0.05); (3) UAS with the participants’ most recent nonmain male sex partner: use of alcohol and drugs during last sex by
participant (AOR = 4.04; p = 0.01), having sex with a Hispanic/Latino male (AOR = 2.71; p = 0.04) or a Black male (AOR = 0.50; p = 0.05) compared to a White male, and lower education (AOR = 1.31; p = 0.02). Findings suggest that sexual risk behaviors of Black MSM differ across partner type and by the characteristics of
their sexual networks and that this subpopulation of MSM are at high risk for HIV acquisition and transmission. Effective
prevention strategies need to address the distinct sexual and behavioral risk patterns presented by different sexual partnerships
reported by Black MSM. 相似文献
2.
Seth C. Kalichman Leickness C. Simbayi Allanise Cloete Mario Clayford Warda Arnolds Mpumi Mxoli Gino Smith Chauncey Cherry Tammy Shefer Mary Crawford Moira O. Kalichman 《Prevention science》2009,10(3):260-269
South Africa is in the midst of one of the world’s most devastating HIV/AIDS epidemics and there is a well-documented association
between violence against women and HIV transmission. Interventions that target men and integrate HIV prevention with gender-based
violence prevention may demonstrate synergistic effects. A quasi-experimental field intervention trial was conducted with
two communities randomly assigned to receive either: (a) a five session integrated intervention designed to simultaneously
reduce gender-based violence (GBV) and HIV risk behaviors (N = 242) or (b) a single 3-hour alcohol and HIV risk reduction session (N = 233). Men were followed for 1-, 3-, and 6-months post intervention with 90% retention. Results indicated that the GBV/HIV
intervention reduced negative attitudes toward women in the short term and reduced violence against women in the longer term.
Men in the GBV/HIV intervention also increased their talking with sex partners about condoms and were more likely to have
been tested for HIV at the follow-ups. There were few differences between conditions on any HIV transmission risk reduction
behavioral outcomes. Further research is needed to examine the potential synergistic effects of alcohol use, gender violence,
and HIV prevention interventions.
National Institute of Mental Health Grant R01-MH MH071160 supported this research. 相似文献
3.
Seth C. Kalichman Leickness C. Simbayi Redwaan Vermaak Sean Jooste Demetria Cain 《Prevention science》2008,9(1):55-62
HIV/AIDS is devastating southern Africa and the spread of HIV is fueled in some populations by alcohol use. Alcohol serving
establishments, such as informal drinking places or shebeens, often serve as high-risk venues for HIV transmission. The current
study examined the HIV risks of men (N = 91) and women (N = 248) recruited from four shebeens in a racially integrating township in Cape Town South Africa. Participants completed
confidential measures of demographic characteristics, HIV risk history, alcohol and drug use, and HIV risk behaviors. Comparisons
of 94 (28%) participants who reported meeting sex partners at shebeens to the remaining sample of shebeen goers, controlling
for potential confounds, demonstrated a pattern of higher risk for HIV infection among persons who met sex partners at shebeens.
Few differences, however, were observed between men (N = 47) and women (N = 47) who had met sex partners at shebeens, suggesting greater gender similarities than gender differences in this important
subpopulation. These results indicate an urgent need for multi-level HIV prevention interventions targeting shebeens and the
men and women who drink in these settings.
National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Grant R21-AA014820 supported this research. 相似文献
4.
Sari L. Reisner Matthew J. Mimiaga Patricia Case Carey V. Johnson Steven A. Safren Kenneth H. Mayer 《Journal of urban health》2009,86(2):250-262
Studies have found that between 14% and 46% of US men who have sex with men (MSM) consistently report “barebacking” behavior
(i.e., intentional unprotected anal intercourse) with other men. This is of public health significance because MSM continue to constitute more
than 50% of new HIV infections in the USA. Men who self-identify as barebackers may represent a different and unique subset
of MSM with distinct HIV prevention needs. In 2007, 227 HIV seronegative MSM recruited through modified respondent-driven
sampling completed an interviewer-administered survey which assessed barebacker identity (i.e., personally identifying with
the barebacker scene), demographics, sexual risk behaviors, psychosocial variables, and drug/alcohol use. Bivariate and multivariable
logistic regression procedures were used to examine predictors of barebacker identity in relation to HIV risk behavior. Overall,
31% of participants identified as a barebacker. In bivariate analyses, lower education (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 0.99–3.13; p < 0.05), a current drinking problem (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.29–4.23; p < 0.01), higher levels of HIV treatment optimism (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01–1.12; p < 0.05), meeting sexual partners at private sex parties (OR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.28–4.74; p < 0.01) or at bars/cubs (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.10–3.52; p < 0.05), and engaging in serodiscordant unprotected insertive anal sex (OR = 3.42; 95% CI = 1.27–9.21; p < 0.01) significantly predicted barebacker identification compared to those with no barebacker identification. In a multivariable
model, barebackers were more likely to screen in for alcohol abuse (adjusted OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.09–4.27; p < 0.05) and engage in serodiscordant unprotected insertive anal sex (adjusted OR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.09–9.20; p < 0.05) compared to their non-barebacker counterparts. No significant differences were found in serodiscordant unprotected
receptive anal sex between barebackers and non-barebackers. These findings suggest that barebacker identity is related to
intentional HIV sexual risk taking and alcohol abuse. Furthermore, strategic positioning (i.e., engaging in insertive rather
than receptive sex) might be associated with barebacker identification and may indicate a harm-reduction strategy being used
among some HIV-uninfected MSM to reduce their risk of becoming infected. Additional research is warranted to understand the
social identity of barebacking among MSM in order to develop more nuanced prevention strategies. 相似文献
5.
Maria Testa Joseph H. Hoffman Jennifer A. Livingston Rob Turrisi 《Prevention science》2010,11(3):308-318
A randomized controlled trial, using parent-based intervention (PBI) was designed to reduce the incidence of alcohol-involved
sexual victimization among first-year college students. The PBI, adapted from Turrisi et al. (2001), was designed to increase
alcohol-specific and general communication between mother and daughter. Female graduating high school seniors and their mothers
were recruited from the community and randomly assigned to one of four conditions: Alcohol PBI (n = 305), Enhanced Alcohol + Sex PBI (n = 218), Control (n = 288) or Unmeasured Control (n = 167). Mothers in the intervention conditions were provided an informational handbook and encouraged to discuss its contents
with their daughters prior to college matriculation. Consistent with hypotheses, PBI, either standard or enhanced, was associated
with lower incidence of incapacitated rape in the first year of college relative to controls. Path analysis revealed support
for a hypothesized indirect effects model, by which intervention increased mother-daughter communication, which predicted
lower frequency of first semester heavy episodic drinking, resulting in lower rates of alcohol-involved sexual victimization
in the first year of college. 相似文献
6.
Delay in follow-up after an abnormal mammogram is associated with advanced disease stage, poorer survival, and increased anxiety.
Despite the implementation of many patient navigator programs across the country, there are few published, peer-reviewed studies
documenting its effectiveness. We tested the effectiveness of a patient navigator in improving timeliness to diagnosis, decreasing
anxiety, and increasing satisfaction in urban minority women after an abnormal mammogram. Women with suspicious mammograms
were randomly assigned to usual care (N = 50) or usual care plus intervention with a patient navigator (N = 55). There were no demographic differences between the two groups. Women in the intervention group had shorter times to
diagnostic resolution (mean 25.0 vs. 42.7 days; p = .001), with 22% of women in the control group without a final diagnosis at 60 days vs. 6% in the intervention group. The
intervention group also had lower mean anxiety scores (decrease of 8.0 in intervention vs. increase of 5.8 in control; p < .001), and higher mean satisfaction scores (4.3 vs. 2.9; p < .001). Patient navigation is an effective strategy to improve timely diagnostic resolution, significantly decrease anxiety,
and increase patient satisfaction among urban minority women with abnormal mammograms. 相似文献
7.
Ivdity Chikovani Ivana Bozicevic Ketevan Goguadze Natia Rukhadze George Gotsadze 《Journal of urban health》2011,88(4):736-748
Injection drug users (IDUs) are at risk for acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through parenteral and sexual transmission.
In this paper, we describe the prevalence and correlates of unsafe drug injecting and sexual behaviors among IDUs recruited
across five cities in Georgia in 2009. IDUs were administered a questionnaire collecting information on demographics, drug
use, sexual behaviors, and HIV testing behaviors. Correlates of risky injecting and sexual behaviors were determined using
logistic regression. Of 1,127 IDUs, the majority (98.7%) were men, and the median duration of injecting drugs was 7 years.
Unsafe injecting behavior at last injection was reported by 51.9% of IDUs, while 16.8% reported both unsafe injecting behavior
and not using condoms with last occasional and/or commercial partner. In the multivariate analysis, independent correlates
of unsafe injecting behavior at last injection were types of drugs injected [p = 0.0096; (for ephedrine, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 7.38; 95% CI, 1.50–36.26)] and not using condoms at last commercial
sex (aOR = 2.29, 1.22–4.32). The following variables were significantly associated with unsafe injecting behavior at last
injection and not using condoms at last sex with commercial and/or occasional partners in the multivariate analysis: marital
status [p = 0.0002; (for divorced, widowed, and separated aOR = 2.62, 1.62–4.25; for single aOR = 1.61, 1.08–2.39)], being a member
of a regular injecting group (aOR = 0.62, 0.44–0.88), types of drugs injected in the past month [p = 0.0024; (for buprenorphine aOR = 0.34, 0.18–0.63)], city of residence (p = 0.0083), and not receiving information on HIV (aOR = 1.82, 1.07–3.09). Though only ephedrine was injected by a smaller
number of IDUs (9.1%), the vast majority of these (81.4%) reported unsafe injecting practices at last injection. High prevalence
of unsafe injecting behaviors and diverse and at-risk sexual partnerships highlight the need to implement complex and targeted
HIV interventions among IDUs in Georgia. 相似文献
8.
Sylvie Naar-King Jeffrey T. Parsons Debra Murphy Karen Kolmodin D. Robert Harris 《The Journal of adolescent health》2010,46(5):422-428
PurposeInterventions targeting multiple risk behaviors are needed for youth living with HIV (YLH). A randomized clinical trial compared Healthy Choices, a four session motivational intervention targeting two of the three risk behaviors (HIV medication adherence, sexual risk behavior and substance use) to multidisciplinary specialty care alone. This article presents intermediary outcomes available at 3-month follow-up, variables proposed to be precursors to behavior change (motivation, self-efficacy, and depression).MethodsYLH (N = 186) with at least one of the three problem behaviors were recruited from four sites in the Adolescent Trials Network and one non–Adolescent Trials Network site, and were assessed at baseline and 3 months.ResultsOf the 94 youth randomly assigned to the treatment condition, 84% received at least one session, 67% received at least two sessions, 56% received at least three sessions, and 49% completed all four sessions. In intent-to-treat analysis, only depression was significantly improved in the treatment group as compared with controls. However, in per-protocol analysis, youth receiving at least two sessions of the intervention also showed significant improvements in motivational readiness to change as compared with youth in the control condition.ConclusionResults suggest the potential benefits of clinic-based motivational interventions for YLH who access these interventions. Delivering interventions in the community using an outreach model may improve access. Analysis of subsequent time points will determine effects on actual behavior change. 相似文献
9.
Jacqueline Bruce Jennifer Martin McDermott Philip A. Fisher Nathan A. Fox 《Prevention science》2009,10(2):129-140
The current study was designed to explore the use of behavioral (i.e., accuracy and reaction times) and electrophysiological
measures (i.e., event-related potentials) to assess the impact of a family-based preventive intervention for preschool-aged,
maltreated children in foster care. These measures were recorded during a computerized flanker task designed to assess cognitive
control and response monitoring. The sample was recruited from a larger randomized efficacy trial of Multidimensional Treatment
Foster Care for Preschoolers (MTFC-P) and included foster children assigned to the intervention condition (n = 10), foster children assigned to a services-as-usual comparison condition (n = 13), and low-income, nonmaltreated community children (n = 11). The children’s behavioral and electrophysiological performance on the task was generally consistent with previous
research with adults and older children. There were no group differences on the behavioral measures of cognitive control or
response monitoring. Notably, however, group differences were observed on the electrophysiological measures of response monitoring.
Specifically, the foster children who received services as usual were significantly less responsive to performance feedback
about errors than the foster children who received the intervention and the nonmaltreated children. Applications of this methodology
and implications of the results for future prevention research are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Shorkey C Windsor LC Spence R 《The journal of behavioral health services & research》2009,36(1):61-74
Mexican Americans struggling with chemical dependence are greatly underserved. Barriers to treatment include language, lack
of culturally relevant services, lack of trust in programs, uninviting environments, and limited use and linkage with cultural
resources in the community. This project aimed to develop a tool for assessing and planning culturally competent/relevant
chemical dependence treatment services for Mexican Americans. Focus groups were conducted with experts in Mexican-American
culture and chemical dependence from six substance abuse programs serving adult and adolescent Mexican Americans and their
families. Sixty-two statements were developed describing characteristics of culturally competent/relevant organizations. Concept
mapping was used to produce a conceptual map displaying dimensions of culturally competent/relevant organizations and Cronbach’s
alpha was calculated to assess the internal consistency of each dimension. Analysis resulted in seven reliable subscales:
Spanish language (α = 0.84), counselor characteristics (α = 0.82), environment (α = 0.88), family (α = 0.84), linkage (α = 0.92), community (α = 0.86), and culture (α = 0.89). The resulting instrument based on these items and dimensions enable agencies to evaluate culturally competent/relevant
services, set goals, and identify resources needed to implement desired services for both individual organizations and networks
of regional services. 相似文献
11.
Yuko Mizuno David W. Purcell Mary H. Latka Lisa R. Metsch Cynthia A. Gomez Carl A. Latkin 《Journal of urban health》2007,84(4):523-536
Studies consistently find that negative condom beliefs or attitudes are significantly associated with less condom use in various
populations, including HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs). As part of efforts to reduce sexual risk among HIV-positive
IDUs, one of the goals of HIV interventions should be the promotion of positive condom beliefs. In this paper we sought to
identify the correlates of negative condom beliefs and examined whether such correlates varied by gender, using a subsample
(those with an opposite-sex main partner; n = 348) of baseline data collected as part of a randomized controlled study of HIV-positive IDUs. In multivariate analyses,
we found more significant correlates for women than for men. With men, perception that their sex partner is not supportive
of condom use (negative partner norm) was the only significant correlate (Beta = −0.30; p < 0.01; R
2 = 0.18). Among women, negative partner norm (Beta = −0.18; p < 0.05); having less knowledge about HIV, STD, and hepatitis (Beta = −0.16; p < 0.05); lower self-efficacy for using a condom (Beta = −0.40; p < 0.01); and more episodes of partner violence (Beta = 0.15; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with negative condom beliefs (R
2 = 0.36). These findings suggest important gender-specific factors to consider in interventions that seek to promote positive
condom beliefs among HIV-positive IDUs.
Mizuno and Purcell are with the Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention National Center for HIV/STD/TB
Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Altanta, GA, USA; at time of the study, Latka was with the Center
for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Metsch is with the University of Miami,
Miami FL, USA; at time of the study, Gomez was with the University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;
Latkin is with the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. 相似文献
12.
Maria R. Khan Lindy Behrend Adaora A. Adimora Sharon S. Weir Becky L. White David A. Wohl 《Journal of urban health》2011,88(2):365-375
Incarceration is associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Incarceration
may contribute to STI/HIV by disrupting primary intimate relationships that protect against high-risk relationships. Research
on sexual network disruption during incarceration and implications for post-release sexual risk behavior is limited. We interviewed
a sample of HIV-positive men incarcerated in North Carolina to assess how commonly inmates leave partners behind in the community;
characteristics of the relationships; and the prevalence of relationship dissolution during incarceration. Among prison inmates,
52% reported having a primary intimate partner at the time of incarceration. In the period prior to incarceration, 85% of
men in relationships lived with and 52% shared finances with their partners. In adjusted analyses, men who did not have a
primary cohabiting partner at the time of incarceration, versus those did, appeared to have higher levels of multiple partnerships
(adjusted prevalence ratio (PR), 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9–2.6; p = 0.11) and sex trade, defined as giving or receiving sex for money, goods, or services (adjusted PR, 2.1; 95% CI 0.9–4.8;
p = 0.08) in the 6 months prior to incarceration. Involvement in financially interdependent partnerships appeared to be associated
with further reductions in risk behaviors. Of men in primary partnerships at the time of prison entry, 55% reported their
relationship had ended during the incarceration. The findings suggest that involvement in primary partnerships may contribute
to reductions in sexual risk-taking among men involved in the criminal justice system but that many partnerships end during
incarceration. These findings point to the need for longitudinal research into the effects of incarceration-related sexual
network disruption on post-release HIV transmission risk. 相似文献
13.
Olga Toussova Irina Shcherbakova Galina Volkova Linda Niccolai Robert Heimer Andrei Kozlov 《Journal of urban health》2009,86(Z1):121-130
The epidemic of HIV in St. Petersburg, which is currently concentrated among injection drug users (IDUs), may be penetrating
into the general population. Non-IDUs who have IDU sex partners (SP) could be potential bridges in an expanding epidemic.
To investigate potential bridges, we accrued a convenience sample of 288 non-IDUs whose HIV diagnosis was attributed to sexual
transmission and we determined the proportion that had IDUs among their SP. Having IDU SP ever (lifetime) and IDU SP in the
last year were the key variables for the analysis of potential bridges in this study. The interaction of gender and age was
found to be a significant predictor of having lifetime IDU SP (p = 0.006, χ
2 test) and IDU SP in the last year (p = 0.05, χ
2 test): females aged 26 and younger were more likely to have both lifetime IDU SP and IDU SP in the last year. Among the group
of young females, 46% reported ever having an IDU SP. Out of young women reporting ever having an IDU SP, 85% also reported
at least one lifetime non-IDU SP. Among the females aged 26 or younger, a lower level of education (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7,
confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–6.7), being born in St. Petersburg (OR = 2.9, CI = 1.2–7.2), and alcohol use in the last 30 days
(OR = 3.5, CI = 1.3–9.6) were significant correlates for ever having had an IDU SP. Urgent efforts are necessary to expand
HIV prevention to target the potential bridging population to prevent further transmission. 相似文献
14.
Jose A. Bauermeister Marc A. Zimmerman Cleopatra H. Caldwell 《Journal of urban health》2011,88(1):66-83
Neighborhood context may influence youth sexual decision-making. We examined the association between neighborhood characteristics
and condom use in a sample of African American youth followed across the high school years (N = 681; 51% female). Using a three-level hierarchical linear model, we modeled inconsistent condom use over time and then
examined its association with youth’s sexual risk trajectories (sexual intercourse frequency, number of partners, and pregnancy
concerns) and individual-level characteristics (sex, age, SES, and household composition), and neighborhood disadvantage.
While sexual intercourse frequency was associated with inconsistent condom use over time, youth reporting greater pregnancy
concerns and number of partners reported more consistent condom use over time. Females were more likely to report more inconsistent
condom use over time. Neighborhood disadvantage characteristics were associated with less baseline condom use, but did not
have an association with changes in youth’s condom use over the high school years. We discuss the implications for community-based
HIV/AIDS prevention for youth. 相似文献
15.
Renae L. Smith-Ray Scherezade Mama Jacqueline Y. Reese-Smith Paul A. Estabrooks Rebecca E. Lee 《Prevention science》2012,13(1):27-35
Adherence to physical activity and dietary interventions is a common challenge. Interventions that use group cohesion strategies
show promise for increasing adherence, but have not been tested among women of color. The purpose of this study was to determine
whether dimensions of group cohesion mediate the association between intervention condition and attendance within a community
physical activity program for women of color. African American and Hispanic or Latina women (N = 310) completed measurements at baseline and post-intervention and participated in a social cohesion intervention to improve
physical activity and dietary habits. Women were assigned to a physical activity or fruit and vegetable intervention group.
Social and task cohesion was measured using the Physical Activity Group Environment Questionnaire (PAGE-Q). Attendance was
recorded at each of six intervention sessions. Women were generally middle-age (M age = 46.4 years, SD = 9.1) and obese (M BMI = 34.4 kg/m2, SD = 7.7). The estimate of the mediated effect was significant for all group cohesion constructs, indicating both task constructs—attraction
to the group’s task (SE = 0.096, CI: −0.599 to −0.221) and group integration around the task (SE = 0.060, CI: −0.092 to −0.328)—and social constructs—attraction to the group’s social aspects (SE = 0.046, CI: −0.546 to −0.366) and group integration around social aspects (SE = 0.046, CI: −0.546 to −0.366)—significantly mediated the association between group assignment and attendance. Both task and social constructs
are important to improve attendance in health promotion interventions for women of color. 相似文献
16.
Garofalo R Johnson AK Kuhns LM Cotten C Joseph H Margolis A 《Journal of urban health》2012,89(3):419-431
Young transgender women are at increased risk for HIV infection due to factors related to stigma/marginalization and participation in risky sexual behaviors. To date, no HIV prevention interventions have been developed or proven successful with young transgender women. To address this gap, we developed and pilot tested a homegrown intervention “Life Skills,” addressing the unique HIV prevention needs of young transgender women aged 16–24 years. Study aims included assessing the feasibility of a small group-based intervention with the study population and examining participant’s engagement in HIV-related risk behaviors pre- and 3-months-post-intervention. Fifty-one (N = 51) young transgender women enrolled in the study. Our overall attendance and retention rates demonstrate that small group-based HIV prevention programs for young transgender women are both feasible and acceptable. Trends in outcome measures suggest that participation in the intervention may reduce HIV-related risk behaviors. Further testing of the intervention with a control group is warranted. 相似文献
17.
Test (a) whether a dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program that reduces thin-ideal internalization mitigates the
effects of risk factors for eating disorder onset and (b) whether the risk factors moderate the effects of this intervention
on risk for eating disorder onset, to place the effects of this intervention within the context of established risk factors.
Female adolescents (N = 481) with body image concerns were randomized to the dissonance-based program, healthy weight control program, expressive
writing control condition, or assessment-only control condition. Denial of costs of pursuing the thin-ideal was the most potent
risk factor for eating disorder onset during the 3-year follow-up (OR = 5.0). The dissonance program mitigated the effect
of this risk factor. For participants who did not deny costs of pursuing the thin-ideal, emotional eating and externalizing
symptoms increased risk for eating disorder onset. Negative affect attenuated the effects of each of the active interventions
in this trial. Results imply that this brief prevention program offsets the risk conveyed by the most potent risk factor for
eating disorder onset in this sample, implicate three vulnerability pathways to eating pathology involving thin-ideal pursuit,
emotional eating, and externalizing symptoms, and suggest that negative affect mitigates the effects of eating disorder prevention
programs. 相似文献
18.
Hong-Van Tieu Christopher Murrill Guozhen Xu Beryl A. Koblin 《Journal of urban health》2010,87(1):113-121
Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected with HIV in the US. Limited event-specific data have
been reported in Black MSM to help understand factors associated with increased risk of infection. Cross-sectional National
HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study data from 503 MSM who reported ≥1 male sexual partner in the past year in New York City
(NYC) were analyzed. Case-crossover analysis compared last protected and last unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). A total
of 503 MSM were enrolled. Among 349 tested for HIV, 18% were positive. Black MSM (N = 117) were more likely to test HIV positive and not know their HIV-positive status than other racial/ethnic groups. Case-crossover
analysis of 208 MSM found that men were more likely to engage in protected anal intercourse with a first time partner and
with a partner of unknown HIV status. Although Black MSM were more likely to have Black male partners, they were not more
likely to have UAI with those partners or to have a partner aged >40 years. In conclusion, HIV prevalence was high among Black
MSM in NYC, as was lack of awareness of HIV-positive status. Having a sexual partner of same race/ethnicity or older age was
not associated with having UAI among Black MSM. 相似文献
19.
Matthew W. Epperson Nabila El-Bassel Mingway Chang Louisa Gilbert 《Journal of urban health》2010,87(2):324-336
Although criminal justice involvement has repeatedly been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted
infection prevalence and sexual risk behaviors, few studies have examined whether arrest or incarceration uniquely contributes
to sexually risky behavior. We examined the temporal relationship between criminal justice involvement and subsequent sexual
HIV risk among men in methadone maintenance treatment in New York City. A random sample of 356 men was interviewed at baseline
(time 1), 6-month (time 2), and 12-month (time 3) follow-ups. Propensity score matching, negative binomial, and multiple logistic
regression were used to isolate and test the effect of time 2 arrest and incarceration on time 3 sexual risk behaviors. Incidence
of time 2 criminal justice involvement was 20.1% for arrest and 9.4% for incarceration in the prior 6 months. Men who were
arrested at time 2 demonstrated increased number (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.62; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.11,
2.37) and proportion (IRR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.72) of unprotected vaginal sex acts at time 3. Men incarcerated at time
2 displayed increased number (IRR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.23, 3.48) and proportion (IRR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.99) of unprotected
vaginal sex acts at time 3. Within this sample of drug-involved men, arrest and incarceration are temporally associated with
and may uniquely impact successive sexual risk-taking. Findings underscore the importance of HIV prevention interventions
among individuals with low-intensity criminal justice involvement. Developing prevention efforts aimed at short-term incarceration,
community reentry, and alternatives to incarceration settings will address a large and under-researched segment of the criminal
justice population. Alternative approaches to current criminal justice policy may result in public health benefits. 相似文献
20.
Katie Brooks Biello Heather L. Sipsma Jeannette R. Ickovics Trace Kershaw 《Journal of urban health》2010,87(3):416-425
In the USA, sexual intercourse is the leading route of human immunodeficiency virus transmission among women, primarily through
their main partner. Because male condom use is not directly under a woman's control, gender inequalities may help shape this
sexual risk behavior. To examine this association, data came from follow-up interviews of young, primarily minority, pregnant
women enrolled in a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Specifically, we aimed to determine the relationship between
economic dependence on a male partner and condom use, and to establish whether this relationship was mediated by sexual assertiveness.
Overall, 28% of women reported being economically dependent on a male partner. Young women dependent on a male partner were
1.6 times more likely to report not using a condom at last sex than women not dependent on their partner (95% confidence interval = 1.11–2.32;
p = 0.01). Sexual assertiveness mediated the relationship between economic dependence and condom use (Sobel = 2.05, p = 0.04). Coupled with past research, this study supports the premise that sexual behaviors may be rooted in a complex web
of social determinants. Addressing gender inequalities in contextual factors may promote healthier decisions within sexual
relationships. 相似文献