经尿道激光切除前列腺增生70例报告

目的评价经尿道激光切除前列腺增生的治疗效果.方法自1993年11月至1996年7月经尿道激光治疗前列腺增生70例.术后随访3～32月,平均18.4月.结果手术前后国际症状评分分别为27.1±2.4和5.7±3.5(P＜0.01),最大尿流率为7.8±2.6和15.4±2.1(P＜0.01).治疗效果满意.结论经尿道激光治疗前列腺增生症安全、可靠,尤其适用于高龄体弱或合并其他疾病的前列腺增生患者.     

Efficacy of transurethral needle ablation of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) of the prostate for treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as one institute participating in a Japanese clinical trial. METHODS: Thirty-three patients with symptomatic BPH were treated with the TUNA procedure in our institute. The international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) score, residual urine volume (RV), prostate volume (PV) and peak urinary flow rates (Qmax) were measured and complications were assessed. RESULTS: We followed and evaluated 30 of the 33 cases. At 12 months there were significant improvements in the IPSS (20.7 to 11.2, P < 0.0001), QOL score (4.9 to 2.1, P < 0.0001), RV (46.6 to 22.6 mL, P < 0.01), PV (37.8 to 30.0 mL3, P < 0.002) and Qmax (8.00 to 11.0 mL/s, P < 0.002). There were no serious complications. CONCLUSION: This trial shows that the TUNA procedure is a safe and efficacious treatment for symptomatic BPH.     

Healing response of the canine prostate to Nd:YAG laser radiation

The objective of the study was to characterize the healing response of the canine prostate to laser thermal injury. The study included 20 canine prostates that underwent transurethral laser radiation. The prostates were retrieved 1 hr after laser radiation in 7 dogs (acute group), and from 3 days to 9 weeks in 13 dogs (chronic group). Two distinct features were observed. First, reepithelialization of the prostatic urethra resulted from mobilization of proliferating epithelial cells from acinar and ductal prostatic epithelium into the cavity surface, and not from the edges of the wound at the bladder neck. Squamous cell metaplasia was a prominent feature of reepithelialization. Second, the healing process in the canine prostate was relatively unimpeded. The large glandular component provided abundant germinal epithelial growth, and the absence of stromal elements allowed for complete sloughing of necrotic tissue without residual eschars. Further, the lesions in the chronic group had a tendency to be larger that those in the acute group, suggesting that extended delayed necrosis may occur at deep prostatic tissue layers. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

经尿道汽化电切术治疗重度前列腺增生症

目的　探讨经尿道汽化电切术治疗重度前列腺增生症的临床应用价值。方法　采用经尿道汽化电切术方法治疗60例重 度前列腺增生症患者。结果　所有患者术后排尿通畅,54例患者得到6～40个月随访,I PSS评分由术前的28.64±5.38降至 12.86±6.03(P<0.01),残余尿量由(155.62±48.37)mL降至(35.83±9.72)mL(P<0.01),生活质量评分由5.3±0.7降至 1.4±0.6(P<0.05),术前术后血红蛋白含量、血钠无明显改变,无电切综合征、永久性尿失禁等并发症发生。结论　经尿道汽化 电切术治疗重度前列腺增生症疗效显著,并发症少,安全性好,是重度前列腺增生症的有效治疗方法。     

New device for visual neodymium:YAG laser prostate ablation: Acute and chronic canine evaluation

This canine study (n = 6) evaluated the acute and chronic effects of Nd:YAG laser prostatectomy using a Prolase II fiber. The Prolase II device consists of a 1,000 μm quartz fiber which directs a cone of Nd:YAG laser energy, at 45° to the axis of the fiber, into the prostatic urethra under direct visual guidance [visual laser ablation of prostate, (VLAP)]. Under visual guidance and saline irrigation, 60 seconds of 60 watts of laser power was delivered at 3, 6, 9, and 12 o'clock positions (14,400 J). One canine was instrumented but received no laser energy (control). One prostate was harvested acutely. The remaining four laser-treated dogs were evaluated at 6 to 16 weeks. The histopathology of acute laser effects shows areas of necrosis with loss of glandular structures and stromal edema. Surrounding this area was a zone of degenerative glandular structures extending up to 12.6 mm into the prostate. Two of the four dogs developed urinary retention at 6.5 and 9 weeks. On examination, both were found to have fibrotic strictures at the distal prostatic urethra with markedly dilated proximal prostatic urethral lumens (1.98 and 2.8 cm). Two other dogs showed no signs of urinary retention at sacrifice. Histopathology, both the 6 and 16 week laser-treated animals without urinary retention demonstrated dilated prostatic urethras with maximum cross-sectional diameters of 1.52 and 1.50 cm, respectively. However, the 16 week dog demonstrated mild distal urethral narrowing by urethrogram. The control dog demonstrated normal histology of the prostate at 16 weeks. This study demonstrates the safety and initial results of a delivery device for trans-urethral laser prostate ablation in a canine model. Further studies are needed to evaluate the cause of the fibrotic urethral strictures in this model and determine its clinical relevance. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

经尿道绿激光前列腺汽化术治疗BPH的疗效观察

目的：与经尿道前列腺等离子电切术（PKRP）进行对比研究,评估绿激光前列腺汽化术（PVP）治疗BPH的有效性和安全性。方法：2009年12月～2010年9月收治BPH患者70例,随机单盲分为两组,其中PVP组35例（研究组）,PKRP组35例（对照组）。出院后3个月返院由专人负责复查,记录术前和出院后3个月的临床观察指标,包括国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量指数（QOL）最大尿流率（Qmax）、男性性功能四项（MSF-4）以及并发症,采用SPSS13．0统计软件对上述资料进行统计学分析和评估。结果：两组患者术前指标、手术时间、术中冲洗液量、实验室检查、住院时间、导尿管拔除时问、膀胱冲洗时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。出院后3个月,两组患者IPSS、QOL、Qmax均得到显著改善,MSF-4与术前相比差异无统计学意义。PVP组和PKRP组分别有2例（7．0％）和3例（10．0％）术后发生前尿道狭窄,发病率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组均未出现尿失禁。结论：PVP是一种治疗BPH的安全、有效的方法,短期（3个月内）疗效及安全性与PKRP类似,长期疗效有待随后进一步评估。     

经尿道钬激光前列腺剜除术与前列腺电切术近期疗效的对比分析

目的比较前列腺钬激光剜除术(holmium laser enucleation of the prostate,HoLEP)和前列腺电切术(transurethral resection of the prostate,TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyplasia,BPH)的疗效及安全性。方法将2012年6月至2013年7月90例行腔内手术治疗的BPH患者随机分为2组,分别行前列腺钬激光剜除术(HoLEP)和经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)。监测、记录2组患者围手术期和术后1、3、6个月复查指标,比较最大尿流率(maximum flow rate,Qmax)、国际前列腺症状评分(international prostate symptom score,IPSS)、生活质量评分(quality of life score,QOL)等变化并进行统计学分析,比较两种术式近期临床疗效。结果术前两组患者一般情况和国际前列腺症状评分、生活质量评分、最大尿流率、残余尿量测量以及前列腺重量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);HoLEP组较TURP组术中出血量、手术时间、低钠血症的发生率、膀胱冲洗时间、留管时间都较低(P0.01);术后1个月、3个月及6个月2组IPSS、QOL和Qmax均比术前有明显改善(P0.01);但2组间比较并无显著统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 HoLEP术与TURP术相比,近期手术效果相似,且手术安全性更好,可视为治疗BPH的较好新方法。     

Sexual outcome of patients undergoing thulium laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) may affect the quality of sexual function and ejaculation. The effect of new surgical procedures, which are currently available to treat BPH, on erection and ejaculation, has been poorly studied. This study aimed to assess the effect of thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP) on sexual function and retrograde ejaculation in patients with LUTS secondary to BPH. We performed a prospective study in 110 consecutive patients who had undergone ThuLEP to analyze changes in sexual function and urinary symptoms. To evaluate changes in erection and ejaculation, and the effect of urinary symptoms on the quality of life (QoL), five validated questionnaires were used: the ICIQ-MLUTSsex, MSHQ-EjD, International Index of Erectile Function 5, International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) questionnaire, and QoL index of the intraclass correlation coefficients. Patients also underwent IPSS and flowmetry to assess the outcome of flow. Patients were evaluated before surgery and 3–6 months after ThuLEP, whereas those with previous abdominal surgery were excluded. The patients’ mean age was 67.83 years. Postoperative urinary symptoms improved after surgery. No significant differences in erectile function before and after surgery were observed. As compared with other techniques described in the literature, the percentage of patients with conserved ejaculation increased by 52.7% after ThuLEP. ThuLEP positively affects urinary symptoms and their effect on the QoL of patients as assessed by questionnaire scores. While endoscopic management of BPH (e.g. transurethral resection of the prostate) causes retrograde ejaculation in most patients, those who undergo ThuLEP have conserved ejaculation and erectile function.     

经尿道前列腺钬激光剜除术治疗良性前列腺增生的疗效研究

目的：观察经尿道前列腺钬激光剜除术（holmiumlaserenucleationoftheprostate,HoLEP）治疗良性前列腺增生的临床疗效及安全性。方法应用100W钬激光和组织粉碎器对480位良性前列腺增生症的患者行经尿道钬激光前列腺剜除术和组织粉碎术。分别记录患者术前、术中及术后随访的临床资料,分析及评估HoLEP的疗效及安全性。结果480例手术均成功,手术时间25～240min,平均（76．1±39．2）min,切除腺体15～320g,平均（45．8±15．4）g。术后留置导尿48～216h,平均（72．5±23．2）h,术后膀胱持续冲洗时间0～48h,平均（23．6士11．2）h,术后住院时间3～15d,平均（3．36±1．25）d,血红蛋白平均降低（1．1±0．5）g／dL。术后IPSS、QOL、Qmax、PVR较术前明显改善（P〈0．01）。术后并发症率低。结论经尿道前列腺钬激光剜除治疗良性前列腺增生疗效安全可靠,并发症少,剜除彻底,并且适应范围广,有可能挑战TURP成为治疗BPH的新的金标准。     

Creation of a volume lesion in the dog prostate using neodymium: YAG laser coagulation: Concepts for clinical treatment

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the geometrical development of a coagulated zone in the canine prostate during free beam side fire Nd: YAG laser coagulation. Study Design/Materials and Methods: A series of 10 male dogs underwent endoscopic prostatic Nd: YAG fixed position laser coagulation through a suprapubic cystotomy using a right-angle deflecting delivery catheter (Microvasive, Boston, MA) at times varying from 10 to 120 seconds at 30 watts. In addition, two dogs underwent lasing by pulling the catheter at 1 mm/s in four quadrants. Acute gross and microscopic pathology specimens were prepared and the lesion shape and volume determined. Results: Analysis of the coagulated volume showed that during the initial 15 seconds of lasing, the zone of coagulation approximates a sphere centered on the urothelium opposite the laser fiber. However, as lasing progressed, the lesion changed from a sphere to an expanding ellipse. This changing geometry can be explained by the absorption and scatter characteristics of the laser and the temperature equilibrium that is established within the prostate. Conclusion: An understanding of this time-dependent geometrical shift from a sphere to an ellipse allows the surgeon to supplement the fixed protocols for lasing at certain positions for given amounts of time. Specific plans can then be established for tissue at the bladder neck, apex, anterior stroma, floor, and irregular prostatic regrowth. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Evaluation of greenlight photoselective vaporization of the prostate for the treatment of high-risk patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

目的:评估选择性绿激光前列腺汽化术(PVP)治疗具有严重下尿路症状的前列腺增生(BPH)高危患者的可行性和安全性,探讨其临床和排尿效果。方法:采用 PVP 治疗85名前列腺增生(BPH)高危患者,激光功率80W,激光是通过汽化双鞘镜(23F)侧孔光纤传输。分别评估手术时间、术中出血量、术后留置尿管时间、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QoL)、尿流率、残余尿量及近期并发症等指标。结果:所有患者手术顺利,PVP 的主要优点是手术时间短,平均手术时间为25.6±7.6分钟,出血少56.8±147.3 mL,留置尿管时间短1.6±0.8 d。IPSS 及 QoL 分别从29.6±5.4和5.4±0.6降低到9.5±2.6和1.3±0.6。患者对术后效果满意。患者的平均最大尿流率增加到17.8mL/s,残留尿量降到55.6 mL。上述结果与术前各项指标比皆有显著差异(P<0.05)。无患者要求输血及液体吸收,并发症少,且满意率高。结论:PVP 手术时间短,患者耐受性好,对于 BPH 高危患者来说是一种安全有效的微创式手术法,所以它可能是有梗阻性尿道症 BPH 高危患者的一种良好治疗选择。     

经尿道前列腺等离子体双极电切术治疗良性前列腺增生的疗效和安全性分析

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺等离子体双极电切术(PKRP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的临床疗效及安全性.方法 经PKRP治疗BPH 100例,前列腺切割方法依腺体大小而定.观察手术前后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(PRV)并进行统计学分析.结果 手术时间35～ 110min,切除前列腺组织重量10～ 125g,术中出血量30～ 200ml,术后膀胱持续冲洗时间2～3d,保留尿管时间3～4d,术后住院时间5 ～6d,所有患者无电切综合征(TURS)、闭孔神经反射、输血、包膜穿孔等并发症发生.术后IPSS、QOL、Qmax、PRV明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PKRP是一种安全性高、并发症少、对人体生理功能影响小、疗效确切的理想方法.值得临床推广应用.     

经尿道前列腺电汽化术治疗前列腺增生症

应用经尿道前列腺电汽化术（ＴＶＰ）治疗良性前列腺增生症１２０例。手术时间平均５０分钟，出血量平均３０ｍｌ，术后不需要膀胱持续冲洗。留置导尿管时间平均２６．５小时，拔管后病人排尿通畅。前列腺症状评分从术前２０．９降至术后３个月的５．１，最大尿流率从术前１０．６ｍｌ／ｓ增加至术后３个月的１９．２ｍｌ／ｓ。ＴＶＰ具有疗效显著，并发症少、技术简单易掌握，价格较低和住院时间短等优点。     

Comparative study of transurethral laser prostatectomy versus transurethral electroresection for benign prostatic hyperplasia

BACKGROUND: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold standard treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Recently, less invasive transurethral laser prostatectomy, such as visual laser ablation (VLAP) or interstitial laser coagulation (ILCP), have been developed. Herein, we investigated the efficacy of VLAP and ILCP compared to TURP. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with BPH were treated: 20 patients by VLAP, 30 patients by ILCP and 30 patients by TURP. All patients were followed up for 12 months after their operations. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by four different criteria: (i) the International Prostatic Symptom Score (I-PSS), (ii) the maximum flow rate (Qmax), (iii) postvoided residual urine volume before treatment and one, three, six and 12 months after treatment, and (iv) prostatic volume before operation and three and six months postoperatively. RESULTS: The I-PSS, Qmax and residual urine volume were significantly improved compared to baseline levels and the improvement continued for 12 months in the three groups: for I-PSS (P<0.001 in the VLAP group and P<0.0001 in the ILCP and TURP groups), Qmax (P<0.001 in the VLAP and ILCP groups, and P<0.0001 in the TURP group), residual urine volume (P<0.01 in the VLAP group and P<0.0001 in the ILCP and TURP groups). Significant reduction of the prostatic volume was recorded only in the ILCP and TURP groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Visual laser ablation and ILCP can be good alternative treatments for BPH. Visual laser ablation provides good outcomes in patients with small-sized BPH and with risk factors such as heart disease or anticoagulation therapy.     

经尿道前列腺电气化术治疗前列腺增生症40例报告

目的：探讨经尿道前列腺电气化术治疗前列腺增生症的有效性。方法：采用ＴＵＶＰ治疗ＢＰＨ４０例，其中Ｉ度增生４例，Ⅱ度增生２５例，Ⅲ度增生１１例。结果：全部患者均获成功，术中经过平稳，无经尿道前列腺切除综合征；术后３－５ｄ拔除导管后均排尿通畅；随访１－１０个月，患者主，客观症状均有明显改善。     

Associations among benign prostate hypertrophy, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and latent carcinoma of the prostate

Aim： To investigate the frequency of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia （AAH） and its associations with benign prostate hypertrophy （BPH） and latent histological carcinoma of the prostate （LPC） in autopsy material. Methods： Two hundred and twelve prostate specimens obtained from autopsy material were subjected to whole mount analysis in an attempt to investigate the associations among BPH, AAH and LPC. Results： Most histological carcinomas and AAH lesions were found in enlarged prostates with intense hypertrophy. No statistically significant relation was found between BPH and the main characteristics of LPC, such as tumor volume, histological differentiation and biological behavior. Our data regarding multi-focal tumors showed a tendency for multi-focal carcinomas to develop in larger prostates, and a tendency of AAH lesions to develop in larger prostates. No statistically significant relation was found between AAH and LPC. Conclusion： There seems not any causative aetiopathogenetical or topographical relation between AAH lesions and prostate adenocarcinoma. AAH lesion seems to be a well-defined mimicker of prostatic adenocarcinoma, and the reported association of AAH with prostatic carcinoma could probably be an epiphenomenon.     

KTP激光汽化术治疗高龄高危良性前列腺增生的临床观察

目的探讨高能磷酸钛氧钾晶体(KTP)激光前列腺汽化术(PVP)和双极等离子体电切术(PKRP)治疗高龄高危良性前列腺增生(BPH)的有效性及安全性。方法采用80W KTP PVP术治疗高龄高危患者共166例,其中62例行PKRP+PVP术。患者年龄80~95岁,平均83岁;前列腺体积17~278ml,平均74ml,其中80ml以上36例(21.7%)。患者平均国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)为(28±4)分,平均生活质量评分(QOL)为(5.3±0.7)分;入院时留置导尿者72例(43.4%)。其余患者平均最大尿流率(Qmax)为(6.9±3.2)ml/s。结果本组平均手术时间(92±28)min,平均汽化能量(127±99)kJ;平均术中出血量(121±92)ml,其中9例术中有较明显出血并需要输血,均为术前服用抗凝药物者。术中未出现电切综合征(TURS)迹象。术后1~4d后拔除导尿管,平均(2.9±1.1)d,其中9例因排尿困难、2例因残尿过多而再次留置导尿1~3d拔管排尿通畅,其余患者术后均排尿通畅。出院时IPSS平均(11±2)分,QOL平均(2.0±0.6,Qmax平均(12.6±5.2)ml/s;术后3月和6月的IPSS、QOL分别为(11±4)分,(11±3)分和(1.9±0.4)分,(1.8±0.4)分。结论PVP术或PKRP+PVP术是治疗高龄高危前列腺增生安全而有效的方法,可明显提高患者生活质量。