胃十二指肠手术史患者的腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的 :探讨有胃十二指肠手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性及疗效。方法 :回顾分析有胃十二指肠手术史 86例的腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术过程。结果 :气腹建立困难 8例 ,腹腔严重粘连无法分离 7例 ,胆囊周围粘连包括Calot三角粘连分离困难 4例均行中转开腹手术。第 1孔穿刺损伤肠管 2例 ,分离粘连时损伤肠管 1例 ,均在腹腔镜下修补。结论 :胃十二指肠手术后腹腔内严重粘连是气腹建立困难或腹腔粘连分离困难而中转开腹的主要原因。第 1孔穿刺肠管损伤和腹腔粘连分离肠管损伤发生率较高。严格掌握手术适应证 ,腹腔镜操作技术娴熟是手术成功的关键     

有上腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床分析

目的:探讨上腹部手术后患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的可行性和应用价值。方法:回顾分析我院2003年1月至2007年12月为141例有上腹部手术史患者行LC的临床资料。结果:141例中135例顺利完成手术,平均手术时间43min。2例胃肠损伤于镜下完成修补,1例术后24h发现腹膜炎开腹探查;5例因腹腔粘连严重中转开腹,全部病例均治愈。结论:有上腹部手术史患者行LC安全可行。     

有腹部手术史的妇科腹腔镜手术应用探讨

目的：总结有腹部手术史的118例患者行腹腔镜妇科手术的经验与技巧。方法：避开原有切口慎重选择第1穿刺孔,必要时采用开放式置入Trocar,注意膀胱及肠管粘连区的分离技巧。结果：117例成功完成手术,1例因局部粘连严重中转开腹。结论：有腹部手术史并非是妇科腹腔镜手术的禁忌证,合理选择患者,注重术中操作技巧仍可使有腹部手术史的患者受益于微创手术。     

妇科腹腔镜手术即刻中转开腹原因及处理

目的:探讨妇科腹腔镜手术即刻中转开腹的指征、原因、处理及意义。方法:回顾分析2003年1月至2009年12月施行的1947例妇科腹腔镜手术中66例即刻中转开腹患者的临床资料。结果:妇科腹腔镜手术即刻中转开腹的发生率为3.4%,主要原因有盆腹腔严重粘连、下腹部手术史、出血、损伤、未预计的卵巢癌、器械故障等。结论:术前严格掌握腹腔镜手术指征,正确掌握中转开腹时机及开腹后的处理,是预防和治疗妇科腹腔镜手术并发症的有效措施。     

有腹部手术史胃癌患者行腹腔镜根治术的可行性研究

探讨有腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胃癌根治术的安全性、可行性。选择我院普外科2011年2月—2014年2月150例有腹部手术史行腹腔镜胃癌根治术的患者(有手术史腹腔镜组)的临床资料,并随机选取同时期无腹部手术史行腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者(无手术史腹腔镜组)及有腹部手术史行开腹胃癌根治术患者(有手术史开腹组)各150例作为对照,比较3组患者术中及术后情况。与无手术史腹腔镜组比较,有手术史腹腔镜组的腹腔粘连严重(P0.05),但中转开腹率、并发症发生率、手术时间、出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与有手术史开腹组比较,有手术史腹腔镜组腹腔粘连程度、手术时间、术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但术中出血少,患者术后胃肠功能恢复早,住院时间短(P0.05)。有腹部手术史的胃癌患者行腹腔镜根治术安全可行;只要术者术前对腹腔粘连程度进行充分评估,合理选择病例,重视术中操作要点,仍能使患者受益于微创手术。     

单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术在有腹部手术史患者中的应用

目的:探讨Hasson法建立气腹行单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术在有腹部手术史患者中的应用优势及操作技巧。方法:回顾分析2011年11月至2018年10月为117例合并腹部手术史患者行单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床体会。结果:113例成功完成手术,4例因腹腔内粘连严重无法显露术野及胆囊三角中转开腹,成功率96.6%。术后患者恢复良好,切口美观隐蔽,无网膜损伤及相关并发症发生。结论:Hasson法建立气腹行单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术,可灵活选取切口部位直视下开腹,避免了粘连肠管网膜的损伤,有效松解腹腔粘连带,对于有腹部手术史的胆囊良性疾病患者是安全、可行、微创、美观的治疗选择。     

单中心23年胆道外科腹腔镜手术中转开腹的原因分析

目的分析解放军总医院23年间胆道外科行腹腔镜手术中转开腹的情况,分析其中转开腹的常见疾病和原因。 方法根据相关纳入标准回顾性分析解放军总医院胆道外科1992年4月至2014年12月期间收治的连续348例腹腔镜手术中转开腹患者的临床资料,描述胆道外科腹腔镜手术的整体中转开腹情况,进而分析其中转开腹的常见病因及原因。 结果(1)解放军总医院胆道外科1992年4月起至2014年12月止23年间收治腹腔镜手术中转开腹患者共348例,总体中转开腹率为2.96%(348/11 767);其中11例患者有上腹手术史,其中转开腹率为25.58%(11/43)。(2)在所有患者中,最常见的中转开腹疾病是胆囊良性疾病和肝外胆管结石,分别占77.30%和16.67%。胆囊良性疾病的中转开腹率为2.41%,肝外胆管结石的中转开腹率为14.61%。(3)胆道外科腹腔镜手术常见中转开腹原因是粘连,占93.97%;其次是出血和癌变,分别占2.59%和2.30%,因损伤所致的中转开腹仅占1.15%。(4)对于胆囊良性疾病和肝外胆管结石患者而言,粘连是其最常见的中转开腹原因,分别占97.40%和98.28%。 结论胆道外科腹腔镜手术应严格掌握适应证,尤其是既往有上腹手术史的患者;如遇到无法控制的出血和损伤情况应及时中转开腹,以保证手术的安全。     

开腹手术后的腹腔镜胆囊切除手术

目的 探讨有腹部手术史的病人行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的某些特点。方法 回顾分析34例有腹部手术史的患行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果 34例中33例顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术，仅1例中转开腹手术。结论 对有腹部手术史的病人行腹腔镜胆囊切除术是可行的，但穿刺孔选择、气腹、粘连的分离应予以注意。     

有腹部手术史腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床分析

目的:探讨有腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的手术方法及安全性。方法:回顾分析2002年1月至2008年5月我院为有腹部手术史的22例患者行LC的临床资料。结果:21例LC成功,1例发生空肠损伤中转开腹行胆囊切除+空肠修补术,无手术死亡病例。结论:有腹部手术史的LC安全可行,选择适当部位开放法建立气腹、小心分离腹腔粘连、手术医师的默契配合及丰富的腹腔镜手术经验是确保手术成功的关键。     

腹腔镜手术治疗粘连性肠梗阻的手术技巧

目的:总结腹腔镜手术治疗粘连性肠梗阻的应用价值及操作技巧。方法:回顾分析为40例粘连性肠梗阻患者行腹腔镜手术的临床资料。结果:33例成功完成腹腔镜手术,效果良好,无并发症发生,术后随访12～36个月,无复发。7例中转开腹。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗粘连性肠梗阻安全可行,具有患者创伤小、术后康复快、复发率低等优点,值得推广应用。     

有上腹部手术史者腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜胆总管探查62例分析

目的探讨对有上腹部手术史者行腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜胆总管探查的可行性及临床疗效。方法 2002年3月～2008年11月对62例有上腹部手术史的胆总管结石采用腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石、术中胆道镜取石、T管引流术或胆总管一期缝合术。结果手术成功60例;中转开腹2例:1例为胆总管下段狭窄,胆道镜无法进入十二指肠;另1例为术中胆道镜活检证实为胆总管下段癌伴结石嵌顿。28例取石后T管引流,22例取石后一期缝合胆总管,10例经胆囊管行胆总管胆道镜探查取石。无出血、胆漏、腹腔感染等并发症。60例随访6～34个月,平均21个月,无结石残留、胆管狭窄及胆管炎发生。结论对有上腹部手术史者施行腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜胆总管探查安全、可行,上腹部手术史不是腹腔镜胆总管探查手术的绝对禁忌证。     

Foreign material in postoperative adhesions.

OBJECTIVE: The authors determined the prevalence of foreign body granulomas in intra-abdominal adhesions in patients with a history of abdominal surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional, multicenter, multinational study, adult patients with a history of one or more previous abdominal operations and scheduled for laparotomy between 1991 and 1993 were examined during surgery. Patients in whom adhesions were present were selected for study. Quantity, distribution, and quality of adhesions were scored, and adhesion samples were taken for histologic examination. RESULTS: In 448 studied patients, the adhesions were most frequently attached to the omentum (68%) and the small bowel (67%). The amount of adhesions was significantly smaller in patients with a history of only one minor operation or one major operation, compared with those with multiple laparotomies (p < 0.001). Significantly more adhesions were found in patients with a history of adhesions at previous laparotomy (p < 0.001), with presence of abdominal abscess, hematoma, and intestinal leakage as complications after former surgery (p = 0.01, p = 0.002, and p < 0.001, respectively), and with a history of an unoperated inflammatory process (p = 0.04). Granulomas were found in 26% of all patients. Suture granulomas were found in 25% of the patients. Starch granulomas were present in 5% of the operated patients whose surgeons wore starch-containing gloves. When suture granulomas were present, the median interval between the present and the most recent previous laparotomy was 13 months. When suture granulomas were absent, this interval was significantly longer--i.e., 30 months (p = 0.002). The percentage of patients with suture granulomas decreased gradually from 37% if the previous laparotomy had occurred up to 6 months before the present operation, to 18% if the previous laparotomy had occurred more than 2 years ago (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The number of adhesions found at laparotomy was significantly larger in patients with a history of multiple laparotomies, unoperated intra-abdominal inflammatory disease, and previous postoperative intra-abdominal complications, and when adhesions were already present at previous laparotomy. In recent adhesions, suture granulomas occurred in a large percentage. This suggests that the intra-abdominal presence of foreign material is an important cause of adhesion formation. Therefore intra-abdominal contamination with foreign material should be minimized.     

Chylothorax--a rare complication after anterior and posterior spinal correction. Report on six cases

The authors observed six cases of chylothorax of 2,000 operations for spinal deformities performed in the past 5 years: in one case of VDS, two Harrington operations, and three anterior strut graft operations. Chylothorax resulted from direct injury to the lymphatic system in four cases of anterior spinal surgery. One of the Harrington cases had a previous history of spontaneous chylothorax that had been managed surgically. The other cases of chylothorax observed after a Harrington operation was bilateral and probably caused by the central venous catheter. All cases were treated conservatively, and the duration of the chylothorax varied from 1 to 18 days.     

完全腹腔镜脾切除加门奇静脉断流术与开腹手术的临床对照研究

目的:比较完全腹腔镜脾切除加门奇静脉断流术与开腹手术的近期临床效果,并探讨完全腹腔镜的手术方法、可行性及安全性。方法:回顾分析2005年1月至2008年12月我院行完全腹腔镜与同期开腹脾切除加门奇静脉断流术各36例患者的临床资料。结果:所有手术均获成功,腹腔镜组平均手术时间稍长于开腹组[(195±58)minvs.(154±39)min],而术中出血量[(392±165)mlvs.(693±204)ml]、术后下床活动时间[(41.3±23.9)hvs.(103.7±33.4)h]、排气时间[(2.1±0.9)dvs.(3.9±2.3)d]、住院时间[(13.6±2.3)dvs.(16.5±3.7)d]则明显少于开腹组。术后并发症如胰漏、肺部感染、切口感染及下肢深静脉血栓的发生率明显低于开腹组。两组住院费用差异无统计学意义。随访3～36个月,两组消化道再出血率差异无统计学意义。结论:完全腹腔镜脾切除加门奇静脉断流术治疗门静脉高压症安全可行,疗效确切,近期疗效明显优于开腹手术,值得临床推广。     

Volvulus of the colon. A review of 93 cases and current aspects of treatment

Ninety-three patients, comprising a consecutive, population-based series, were treated for volvulus of the colon between 1970 and 1985. The male:female ratio was 3.3:1 among the patients with volvulus of the sigmoid colon and 1:3.7 among those with caecal volvulus (p less than 0.001). Of the 60 patients with sigmoid volvulus, nine (15%) died. Elective surgery was performed in 13 of these 60 cases, without postoperative mortality. Previous volvulus attack(s) had occurred in 22 of the 60. Of the nine patients who underwent only detorsion at laparotomy, four had recurrence. Of the 33 patients with caecal volvulus, 31 underwent emergency laparotomy, and in seven of them the outcome was fatal. Of the nine patients who survived pexis operations, three had recurrence of volvulus. The results indicate that immediate laparotomy can be hazardous in patients with colonic volvulus. Semi-emergency resection after tube decompression, when the patient is in optimal condition and with preoperatively prepared bowel, is probably preferable.     

腹腔镜下肝切除术中转开腹的相关因素初步分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜肝切除术的手术经验、中转开腹相关因素及预防措施。方法:回顾分析2013年11月至2015年11月45例施行腹腔镜肝切除术患者的临床资料,包括是否中转开腹、年龄、性别、术后病理诊断、既往手术史、手术时间、术中出血及住院时间。结果:42例行完全腹腔镜肝切除术,3例中转开腹,其中2例因术中出现不可控的大出血,1例为肿瘤位置不能充分暴露,中转开腹率6.67%。手术时间平均(80±25)min,出血量平均(150±55)ml,术后平均住院(7.1±1.5)d。除术中出血及暴露不充分为腹腔镜肝切除中转开腹的主要因素外,上腹部手术史(P=0.016)、病程(t=3.94,P=0.013)也是中转开腹的相关因素。结论:术中难以控制的出血、手术视野暴露不充分是腹腔镜肝切除术中转开腹的主要原因,上腹部手术史、病程也是中转开腹的因素之一。术前评估患者的既往手术史、病史、肝功能、凝血等情况极为重要,完全腹腔镜下肝切除是安全、有效、微创的术式,但因为肝脏血供丰富、体积较大,对术者技术水平的要求相对较高。     

Laparoscopic surgery for the management of obstruction of the gastric outlet and small bowel following previous laparotomy for major upper gastrointestinal resection or cancer palliation: a new concept

BACKGROUND: Surgical relief of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) or small bowel obstruction in patients who had undergone major resection or palliative bypass surgery for malignancy is conventionally achieved at a laparotomy. The potential role of minimally invasive surgery in the management of these complications has not been previously explored. METHODS: Between 2003 and 2004, 4 consecutive patients, age range 37 to 72 years, where admitted with gastric outlet or proximal small bowel obstruction following previous open surgery for suspected intra-abdominal malignancy, under the care of one surgeon. The respective past histories of these patients were recurrent GOO and concomitant distal biliary obstruction following a previous open gastric bypass elsewhere for metastatic pancreatic head cancer; persistent adhesive small bowel obstruction following radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer; GOO secondary to intra-abdominal recurrence 6 months after hepatobiliary resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma; and GOO following previous pancreatico-duodenectomy for suspected pancreatic head cancer. Their respective surgical management consisted of a laparoscopic re-do gastric bypass and concomitant cholecystojejunostomy; adhesiolysis and revision of the Roux-en-Y enteric anastomosis; a Devine exclusion gastroenterostomy; and resection and refashioning of the gastroenterostomy. RESULTS: There were no conversions to open surgery and no postoperative complications. The median operating time was 240 minutes (range, 145 to 300 minutes). Oral free fluid intake was resumed on postoperative day (POD) 1, while diet was resumed between POD 2 and 4. The median postoperative hospital stay was 15.5 days (range, 14 to 25 days). CONCLUSION: Previous laparotomy and major resection or palliation of malignancy do not preclude the application of the laparoscopic approach for the management of upper gastrointestinal obstruction. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis and revision of enteroenteric and gastroenteric anastomoses are feasible management options in the hands of those experienced with complex laparoscopic surgery.     

Nuss procedure for patients with pectus excavatum with a history of intrathoracic surgery

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of the Nuss procedure for patients with pectus excavatum (PE) with a history of intrathoracic surgery.PatientsFrom April 2010 to December 2013, we performed 6 cases of PE repair in patients with a history of intrathoracic surgery. The causes of previous operations were congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation in 4 patients and congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 2. The patients’ median age was 5 years (range, 4–9 years) and median preoperative pectus severity index was 4.63 (range, 3.42–10.03). Their intraoperative and postoperative courses were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsThe mean overall operation time was 127.5 ± 17.0 minutes, and the mean operation time for endoscopic pneumolysis was 28.8 ± 12.3 minutes. Intraoperative exploration for pleural adhesion revealed that the endoscopic approach in the previous operation was associated with low pleural adhesion, and the open thoracotomy or laparotomy approach was associated with low to high pleural adhesion. One patient developed a pneumothorax on the first postoperative day. All the other patients had uneventful postoperative courses. All the patients received bar removal 2–3 years after bar insertion. One patient developed atelectasis after bar removal. All the other patients had an uneventful postoperative course. The mean postoperative follow-up time after bar removal was 20.1 ± 14.7 months.ConclusionsHistory of intrathoracic surgery seems not a contraindication for the Nuss procedure. However, perioperative complications should be carefully monitored in both the bar insertion and removal operations.     

Laparoscopy in patients with prior surgery: results of the blind approach.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the complication rate due to blind access laparoscopy between patients with or without a prior history of laparotomy. METHODS: We examined a prospective record of data on laparoscopic surgeries performed from 1992 to 1998. Only cases in which the Veress needle and the first trocar were inserted through the umbilicus were included in this study. Results issued from patients without previous abdominal surgery (Group I) were compared with those arising from women with prior laparotomy (Group II). A statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test or Fisher exact test when appropriate. RESULTS: One thousand thirty-three laparoscopies were carried out during the study period, 881 of which began with a blind access through the umbilicus. Two hundred two women (19.3%) had an history of abdominal or pelvic surgery. Eight hundred forty-two patients were included in Group I and 39 in Group II. Failure to penetrate into the peritoneal cavity occurred significantly more frequently in Group II (4/39) than in Group I (1/842, P < 0.0001). The insertion of the Veress needle gave rise to 2 complications in Group I and 0 in Group II (P = 1.0). Transumbilical trocar insertion gave rise to 1 complication in each group (1/841 vs. 1/35, P = 0.11). When all events were considered, incidents or accidents were significantly more frequent in Group II (5/39) than in Group I (4/842)(P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We recorded a higher rate of incidents/complications due to the Veress needle and trocar insertion in patients with a previous history of laparotomy. An adapted approach should be recommended for these patients.     

腹腔镜在腹部外伤中的应用体会

目的:分析腹腔镜诊断与治疗腹部外伤的临床价值。方法:2002年7月~2006年7月,我院对具有剖腹探查指征的68例腹部外伤患者使用腹腔镜诊断,并根据镜检结果决定镜下治疗或中转开腹手术。结果:51例腹部外伤于镜下作出正确诊断,19例于镜下手术,18例可免治疗性处理;31例中转开腹手术,其中9例为腹腔镜辅助开腹或手助腹腔镜手术,术后并发症5例,全组均治愈出院。结论:腹腔镜诊治腹部外伤具有创伤小、安全可靠、诊断率高,并有效降低阴性剖腹探查率等优点,适用于大部分腹部外伤的病例。