School Injury Among Ottawa-Area Children: A Population-Based Study

BACKGROUND:  Injuries are the leading cause of death among Canadian children and are responsible for a substantial proportion of hospitalizations and emergency department visits. This investigation sought to identify the factors associated with the likelihood of sustaining an injury at school among Ottawa-area children.
METHODS:  Children presenting to Ottawa-area hospitals and urgent care clinics from January to December 2002 (n = 24,074) were included for analysis. The frequency of school injuries by sex, age group, type of injury, and hospitalization was analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with sustaining an injury at school. The school activities most associated with injury and the most frequent types of school injuries were assessed.
RESULTS:  A total of 4287 Ottawa-area children were injured at school in 2002, representing 18% of all injuries. Children aged 5-9 years and 10-14 years were more likely to have school injuries than older children (aged 15-19 years) (OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 2.77-3.40 and OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 2.83-3.37, respectively). The most frequently encountered school injuries were fractures (n = 1132) and musculoskeletal injury (n = 907). The most frequent mechanisms of school injuries were "playing" (n = 1004) and "informal sports" (n = 1503).
CONCLUSIONS:  Many children get hurt at school, particularly during informal recreation activities. Environmental modification and increased supervision are strategies that may reduce school injuries.     

海岛意外伤害病例流行特征及院前救治情况分析

目的 调查舟山海岛新区意外伤害流行特征及院外救治情况,分析现场急救处置过程中可能存在的问题,为该类患者的救治提供参考.方法 回顾性分析2019年1—12月由120救护车送往医院急诊科就诊的有完整院前急救记录的意外伤害病例资料,符合纳入标准的共941例,数据采用SPSS 17.0进行统计分析.结果 舟山海岛新区意外伤害男...     

Injuries to Scottish farmers while tagging and clipping cattle: a cross-sectional survey

BACKGROUND: Anecdotal reports suggested that farmers were sustaining significant injuries while ear tagging newborn calves or clipping cattle prior to slaughter. AIMS: This national survey was designed for determining the incidence and nature of self-reported injuries to farmers that were sustained while tagging calves and clipping cattle. METHODS: A cross-sectional, anonymous, postal questionnaire survey was sent to all members of the National Farmers Union of Scotland with beef or dairy cattle (n = 4495). RESULTS: In total, 2439 (54%) usable questionnaires were received and 1341 injuries were reported by 591 (24%) respondents. Tagging-related injuries were reported by 297 (12%) respondents. The most commonly described injury was bruising, but lacerations (3%) and fractures (3%) also occurred. Fifty-eight (20%) individuals lost time from work, with a median of 3 days [interquartile range (IQR) = 2-7 days]. Four hundred and eighteen (17%) respondents reported clipping-related injuries. The most common injury was bruising, but lacerations (6%) and fractures (7%) also occurred. Ninety-five (23%) individuals lost time from work, with a median of 4 days (IQR = 2-14 days). Tagging injuries more commonly affected lower limbs and the trunk, while clipping injuries affected the upper limbs. Tagging injuries were associated with working alone, in an open field and with a vehicle nearby, while clipping injuries were associated with working alone, with beef cattle and with younger age. Both types of injury were associated with injuries from livestock in other circumstances. CONCLUSIONS: Tagging calves and clipping cattle prior to slaughter are associated with a significant risk of injury, which may be severe, necessitating treatment and time lost from work. Policy makers, safety advisers and the farming community should reconsider whether these procedures are necessary and whether current guidelines should be modified in order to improve safety.     

医院医疗资源整合在台风伤害中临床急救效果评估

目的:评估医疗资源整合在台风伤害事故中临床急救的作用,能否降低台风伤害事故的伤残率和病死率。方法:利用调查对象的急诊治疗记录进行医疗资源整合实施前两年与实施后两年的患者年龄分布、性别分布、台风伤害病因种类、受伤部位变化趋势以及救治时间、病死率、伤残率等回顾性比较分析。结果:提示应加强急救人员的业务素质提高;变"绿色通道"为确定性创伤中心;对急诊科功能及流程进行改造,缩短就诊时间,尽早尽善地对伤员进行紧急救护是减少死亡和伤残的关键。     

A detailed analysis of work-related injury among youth treated in emergency departments

Telephone interviews were conducted with 146 14- to 16-year-olds who incurred an occupational injury treated in an emergency department during the period July through September 1992. Thirty-two percent of the injuries occurred as the result of using equipment. Over half the workers reported not having received prior training on how to avoid injury. The injury limited normal activities for at least 1 day for 68% of the youth and for more than a week for 25%, corresponding to an estimated 6,208 (95% CI: 4,277, 8,139) and 2,639 (95% CI: 1,580, 3,699) youths nationwide, respectively. Employment in retail trades, equipment use, lack of training, and burn injuries were associated with increased limitation of normal activities. Nineteen percent of the youths appear to have been injured in jobs declared to be hazardous, or typically prohibited for their age (14-and 15-year-olds) under federal child labor laws. The prohibited job directly contributed to the injury in 64% of these cases.     

The burden of road traffic injuries in developing countries: the 1st national injury survey of Pakistan

OBJECTIVES: To assess the burden of road traffic injuries in Pakistan-a developing country in South Asia. METHODS: A nationally representative household interview survey, to measure the burden of all injuries for all ages and in both genders using a three-month recall period. RESULTS: The overall incidence of injury events was 41 (CI: 39.2-43.8) per 1000 per year and for road traffic injuries 15 (CI: 13.7-16.5) per 1000 per year. The relative risk for road traffic injuries was found to be higher in males, those 16-45 years old, and those in the professional category of laborers and vendors. CONCLUSIONS: This first national survey reflects the growing impact of injuries, especially road traffic injuries in Pakistan and portends a challenge for the national health system.     

Tractor-related injuries: a population-based study of a five-state region in the Midwest

BACKGROUND: Tractor-related injuries are among the most severe of agricultural injuries. This study identifies the incidence, consequences, and potential risk factors for tractor injuries among 3,765 agricultural households in a five-state region. METHODS: Demographic, injury, and exposure data were collected for two 6-month recall periods in 1999 using computer assisted telephone interviews. A causal model served as a basis for survey design, data analysis, and interpretation of results; associated directed acyclic graphs guided development of multivariate models. RESULTS: The overall injury rate was 9.6 events per 1,000 persons per year. Increased personal risk was observed for males and prior agricultural injury experience. Compared with ages 35-44, decreased risks were identified for those less than 5, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, and 20-24. CONCLUSIONS: Risk of tractor injury among agricultural household members varied by gender, age, and prior injury experience. .     

Social and economic consequences of workplace injury: a population-based study of workers in British Columbia, Canada

BACKGROUND: Existing research suggests that workplace injuries can have significant economic and social consequences for workers; but there are no quantitative studies on complete populations. METHODS: The British Columbia Linked Health Database (BCLHD) was used to examine 1994 injured workers who lost work time due to the injury (LT) and a group of injured individuals who did not lose time after their injuries (NLT). Three outcomes were explored: (1) residential change, (2) marital instability, and (3) social assistance use. Logistic regression adjusted for several individual and injury characteristics. RESULTS: LTs were more likely to move and collect income assistance benefits, and less likely to experience a relationship break-up than the NLTs. LTs off work for 12 or more weeks were more likely to receive income assistance than LTs off for less time. CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk suggests that the long-term economic consequences of disabling work injury may not be fully mitigated by workers compensation benefits.     

15家部队医院军人眼外伤流行病学特征分析

目的 分析部队医院军人眼外伤住院患者的流行病学特征.方法 收集15家部队三级甲等医院2001-2005年军人眼外伤住院病例,对其人几学特征、致伤原因等流行病学概况进行回顾性分析.结果 军人眼外伤患者716人,治疗772只外伤眼.占同期住院外伤眼的7.46%.男女性别比46.73:1,平均年龄(24.99±8.40)岁.以17～29岁多发(82.27%),7.82%为双眼伤.近视眼矫正术后外伤并发症占一定比例,机械性眼外伤占92.49%,非机械性眼外伤占7.51%.主要致伤原因有运动(17.62%)、爆炸(11.92%)、斗殴(11.40%)等,51.55%发生于工作和训练时间,30.31%发生于军事洲练场地.预后出院统计,眼球开放伤等导致22只眼被摘除,9只眼无光感,62.16%视力恢复至0.5以上.结论 军人是眼外伤不可忽视的特殊人群,年轻男军人是部队眼外伤防治的重点人群,军事体育训练、演习和国防施工建设等是军人职业性眼损伤的主要原因.     

2006 - 2014年大连市道路交通伤害监测数据回顾性分析

目的 了解大连市道路交通伤害流行特征,为开展干预提供依据。方法 采用描述流行病学的方法,回顾性分析大连市3所伤害监测医院急诊收治的道路交通伤害病例信息。结果 2006 - 2014年共收集道路交通伤害病例24 905例,男女性别比为1.3∶1,21～30岁年龄组病例所占的比例最高（23.8%）,专业技术人员和商业服务人员占职业分布的前2位;公路/街道（83.8%）是该类伤害发生的主要地点,发生高峰时间分别为上午9时和下午18时;发生伤害时的活动前2位分别为驾乘交通工具（44.6%）和休闲活动（37.5%）;病例头部受伤比例（31.6%）最高,主要为挫伤和骨折,分别占62.6%和17.4%,并且随年龄的增长,骨折比例逐渐上升（rs = 0.91,P = 0.002）;伤害严重程度较重,中、重度伤害占21.9%,并随着年龄的增长,中、重度伤害程度比例逐渐增大（rs = 0.76,P = 0.028）,住院和死亡比例（21.0%）也较高。结论 大连市道路交通伤害干预应重点关注青、中年男性人群,并且加强头部等重点部位的防护,最大程度减少并降低该类伤害的发生和严重程度。     

某军区2011年度新兵集训期间伤害发生特征及影响因素

目的调查某军区陆军新兵集训期间军事训练伤和非训练伤的发生情况,并探讨其危险因素,为部队开展新兵伤害预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取某军区2011年度1389名新兵作为调查对象,随访收集新兵集训3个月内发生的伤害信息,并采用回顾性调查收集影响因素的信息。采用两水平Poisson回归分析伤害发生次数的影响因素。结果新兵集训期伤害发生率为9.4%,其中训练伤发生率为7.5%,占所有伤害的80.0%;非训练伤发生率为1.9%,占所有伤害的20.0%。伤害发生时间呈双峰分布,分别于第5-6周和第9周达到高峰;伤害性质以扭伤/拉伤/搓伤为主,伤害部位以下肢最多,分别占所有伤害的65.4%、61.5%;训练伤主要发生在体能训练中,占所有训练伤的53.8%。两水平Poisson回归分析显示,城市籍(IRR=1.51;95%CI:1.02～2.22)和自评训练量过大(IRR=2.32;95%CI:1.46～3.70)新兵发生伤害的风险明显高于农村籍和自评训练量尚可承受的新兵。结论该军区2011年度陆军新兵集训期伤害发生率为9.4%,其中训练伤发生率高于非训练伤,来自城市新兵和自觉训练量大的新兵应作为伤害预防的重点。     

上海市浦东新区伤害流行特征和影响因素分析

[目的]掌握浦东新区社区伤害发生的流行特征和影响伤害流行的主要因素。[方法]采用二阶段无放回PPS整群抽样,组织实施以16 661名居民为对象的回顾性入户调查。以伤害发生率、伤害特征性构成和非条件logistic回归模型描述和分析伤害流行特征和相关危险因素。[结果]上海市浦东新区伤害发生率为1.72%,男女伤害发生率的比例为1.29∶1;伤害发生主要地点是居所和街道公路;伤害发生时主要活动是家务和工作;伤害发生主要部位是下肢;伤害所致临床表现前3位依次为骨折〉开放性伤〉挤压伤;居前5位的伤害原因依次是跌倒/坠落〉碰撞/挤压〉交通事故〉割伤/刺伤〉烧烫伤。跌倒/坠落为各年龄段伤害发生的首位原因;睡眠时间少、使用精神类药物以及预防伤害知识知晓水平低是伤害发生的重要危险因素。[结论]伤害的发生涉及多类因素的协同作用,伤害防治不仅要从宏观上掌握伤害发生效应及原因的流行水平和特征,也要深入研究伤害相关、种类繁多的危险因素作用机制,并建立因地制宜的有效干预策略或措施;伤害数据的收集应该由专业机构伤害就诊监测、重点人群伤害监测与社区伤害调查互相补充。     

Treatment of injuries in emergency departments: characteristics of victims and place of injury, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2005

The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics and place of occurrence of injuries treated in emergency departments. A total of 35,107 emergency department visits for injuries were analyzed, excluding traffic injuries, in S?o Paulo State, Brazil, 2005. The majority of victims were male (59.1%), and from 0 to 29 years of age (62.1%). Leading causes were falls (39.3%) and accidental blows (16.5%). Most injuries occurred in the home (64.7%), followed by public places (19.9%). Assaults were more frequent in public. Women were more likely to suffer injuries at home, as compared to men (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.48-0.53). Men were 1.34 times more likely to be injured in public places, 3.22 times in bars, and 2.82 times in the workplace. A higher proportion of events among children aged 0 to 9 and individuals 60 years or older occurred at home. The results highlighted the home as an important place for the occurrence of injuries, which should be considered when planning injury prevention programs.     

Chronic symptoms in construction workers treated for musculoskeletal injuries.

BACKGROUND: Soft tissue musculoskeletal injuries make up a high proportion of all work-related injuries in construction. Data from Workers' Compensation claims indicate that strains and sprains are the leading compensable injury for construction workers. This study describes the consequences of soft tissue musculoskeletal injuries for construction workers, and assesses the persistence of symptoms after an injury and the impact of that injury on return to work. METHODS: Through an Emergency Department surveillance system [Hunting et al., 1994a], we recorded 176 construction worker visits, from 5/01/93 through 2/28/95, for strains, sprains, joint injury or pain, tendinitis, dislocations, hernias, or other musculoskeletal injuries excluding fractures. Telephone interviews were conducted several months after workers had visited the emergency room for a musculoskeletal injury. RESULTS: Seventy individuals were interviewed about the long-term impacts of 72 incidents that had resulted in work-related musculoskeletal injuries. For 46 (62%) of the 74 diagnoses, problems continued beyond two months. The likelihood of problems continuing more than two months varied considerably by body location of injury. Hispanic workers and older workers were more likely to have continuing symptoms. Eleven of the 45 construction workers with symptoms persisting longer than two months were not employed at the time of the interview. Only 11 of the 45 workers with ongoing symptoms told us that modifications had been made to their jobs to accommodate their symptoms. About one-quarter of these 45 subjects reported substantial effects on home or work life. CONCLUSIONS: Acute musculoskeletal injuries in construction workers frequently result in chronic symptoms, and those with chronic symptoms report substantial effects of the injury on their quality of life. Job accommodations were made in a minority of these injuries. These findings point to the need for heightened efforts for injury prevention in this industry.     

68例锐器伤和职业暴露调查分析与对策

目的了解医院职工锐器伤和职业暴露的危险因素,并探讨预防措施。方法调查本院职工2004年4月～2006年12月锐器伤和职业暴露状况。结果70%的锐器伤与职业暴露发生在护士,发生原因前三位是静脉输液结束拔针、注射、整理医疗废物。76.47%的锐器伤是注射针和输液头皮针所致。锐器伤暴露后均进行紧急和进一步处理,追踪半年,未发现感染个案。结论应增强职工职业暴露防护意识,采取预防措施,预防锐器伤的发生。发生损伤和暴露后及时采取预防措施能有效预防感染。     

遵义市农村学龄儿童动物致伤流行病学调查分析

目的 了解遵义市农村地区学龄儿童遭意外动物致伤的流行学现况并探索相关其危险因素。方法 采用三阶段分层整群抽样方法, 随机抽取3个区县中7所学校共52个班级的中小学生2 854人进行问卷调查。结果 调查人群中共477人发生意外伤害, 其中动物致伤人数98人(占20.55%);受伤比例男生高于女生;男女比例为1.39∶1;受伤部位以脚/腿最多, 占51.02%, 其次为手掌/手臂占37.76%;致伤后只有43.88%及时到急诊室/门诊就诊。结论 儿童、青少年是被动物咬伤高危人群。应在学校、社区大力开展防治动物致伤的宣教活动以预防动物致伤的危害, 相关部门应加大对动物的制度化管理, 并将动物致伤纳入学校安全的常规教育内容中。     

Early retirement due to occupational injury: Who is at risk?

BACKGROUND: As the workforce is rapidly ageing, research on the consequences of occupational injuries in older workers is becoming more important. One adverse outcome unique to older workers, early retirement, has significant negative social and economic consequences for workers and employers. Although linked to poor worker health, the roles of workplace factors and occupational injury have not been well-defined. METHOD: Changes in retirement plans attributed to an occupational injury were studied in a population-based sample of 1,449 New Hampshire workers aged 相似文献   

AUSTRALIAN FARM WORK INJURIES: INCIDENCE, DIVERSITY AND PERSONAL RISK FACTORS

ABSTRACT: Information on farm work-related injuries was sought to assist in the design of effective farm safety prevention programs. A telephone survey was conducted using a stratified random sample of 919 sheep/wool, beef cattle and dryland broadacre cropping farms from three shires in the wheat/sheep belt of New South Wales. The adjusted response rate was 84%. There were 425 reported injuries over an 18-month period. One in five farms reported at least one injury per year, while one in 12 farms reported at least one serious injury per year. Animal-related injuries were the largest major category for agent of injury, while the largest category for nature of injury was sprain and strain, recording almost one-quarter of all injuries. The farm workshop or shed was the most common location of injury, with more than 20% of all reported injuries occurring there. Personal risk factors thought to contribute to these farm work-related injuries were examined. The statistically significant personal risk factors for injury occurrence were age (and/or experience), previous injury status, body mass index, hours of sleep, a variable measuring daytime drowsiness and a variable measuring perceived stress.     

蚌埠市中小学生伤害发生现状调查

目的 了解安徽省蚌埠市中小学生伤害发生现况,分析其伤后失能情况.方法 分层整群随机抽取安徽省蚌埠市中小学生738名,回顾性调查1年间的伤害情况.结果 中小学生伤害发生率为36.86%,伤害发生率与年龄有关,初中生为高发人群(41.21%);家庭和学校是发生伤害的主要场所;排在前3位的伤害类型依次是跌落伤(54.68%)、刀或锐器割伤(17.25%)和烧烫伤(9.15%),常分别发生于运动、削水果和劳动时疏忽大意;伤害程度以轻度居多(58.64%),受伤后就医者113例(21.49%),自己人简单处理的207例(44.14%);23.16%的学生伤后暂时性失能,1.84%的学生伤后活动受限超过1个月.结论 中小学生伤害发生率较高,应加强安全管理教育,预防中小学生伤害.