Effects of Timing of Whey Protein Intake on Appetite and Energy Intake in Healthy Older Men

Background

Protein-rich supplements are used widely to prevent and manage malnutrition in older adults. We previously showed that 30 g whey protein ingestion, 3 hours before a buffet meal, suppressed energy intake in young, but not in older men. Information about the impact of the timing of ingestion of protein drinks on the suppression of energy intake in older adults is lacking.

Metabolic and Blood Pressure Effects of Consuming Two Kiwifruit Daily for 7 Weeks: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Background: Eating two kiwifruit before breakfast by equi-carbohydrate partial exchange of cereal has been associated with lower postprandial glucose and insulin, but it increases the intake of fruit sugar. We assessed the effects of kiwifruit ingestion at breakfast over 7 weeks on metabolic and physiologic factors. Method: Forty-three healthy Asian participants were randomised to ingest 500 mL of carbonated water (control) or 500 mL of carbonated water plus two kiwifruit (intervention), before breakfast. Three-day weighed diet records were taken before and at week 4 during the intervention. Overnight fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and week 7. Forty-two participants completed the study (n = 22 control, n = 20 intervention). Results: The kiwifruit group consumed more fructose, vitamin C, vitamin E, and carbohydrates as a percentage of energy compared with the control group (p < 0.01). There was no evidence of between-group changes in metabolic outcomes at the end of the intervention, with the following mean (95% confidence interval) differences in fasting blood samples: glucose 0.09 (−0.06, 0.24) mmol/L; insulin −1.6 (−3.5, 0.3) μU/mL; uric acid −13 (−30, 4) μmol/L; triglycerides −0.10 (−0.22, 0.03) mmol/L; and total cholesterol −0.05 (−0.24, 0.14) mmol/L. There was a −2.7 (−5.5, 0.0) mmHg difference in systolic blood pressure for the intervention group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Eating two kiwifruit as part of breakfast increased fruit consumption and intake of antioxidant nutrients without a change in fasting insulin. There was a difference in systolic blood pressure and no adverse fructose-associated increases in uric acid, triglycerides, or total cholesterol. This simple intervention may provide health benefits to other demographic groups.     

Acute Flaxseed Intake Reduces Postprandial Glycemia in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial

Background: Postprandial glycemic excursions are associated with impairment control of diabetes mellitus. Long-term consumption of flaxseed can lower blood glucose levels; however, its effects on the postprandial glycemic response remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of raw flaxseed consumption on the 2 h postprandial glycemic curve in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This was a randomized crossover clinical trial. Nineteen men with T2DM were randomly assigned a standardized breakfast without (control) or with a previous intake of 15 g of ground raw golden flaxseed (flax). Glycemia was measured at fasting and postprandial at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Palatability markers (visual appeal, smell, and pleasantness of taste) and taste intensity (sweetness, saltiness, bitterness, sourness, and creaminess) were evaluated. Results: The peak glucose rise and the 2 h AUC glycemic response reduced in the flax group by 17% (p = 0.001) and 24% (p < 0.001), respectively. The glucose peak time, palatability, and taste parameters did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions: Ingestion of 15 g of ground raw golden flaxseed before breakfast decreases the 2 h postprandial glycemic response in men with T2DM.     

血糖仪监测在老年糖尿病患者血糖管理中的应用效果

目的:对血糖仪监测在老年糖尿病患者血糖管理中的应用效果进行观察与分析。方法:本次实验研究的对象为老年糖尿病患者104例,其接受治疗的时间在2018年3月~2019年3月,根据其血糖管理方式的不同分为两组,运用血糖仪监测的52例患者作为试验组,给予常规血糖仪监测的52例患者作为常规组,对比分析两组患者的血糖管理效果。结果:试验组与常规组患者监测后空腹血糖与餐后2h血糖水平均有明显改善(P<0.05),且试验组患者的改善效果显著优于常规组患者(P<0.05),两组患者监测前空腹血糖与餐后2h血糖无明显差异(P>0.05);试验组患者对血糖管理的满意程度明显高于常规组患者(P<0.05)。结论:在为老年糖尿病患者进行血糖管理的过程中血糖仪监测的运用,可以将其空腹血糖与餐后2h血糖控制在更加合理的范围内,提高了患者对血糖管理的满意程度。     

男性青年饮用牛奶和豆浆后血脂血糖变化的研究

目的研究饮用牛奶或豆浆后健康男性青年血脂血糖的变化情况。方法 30名男性健康大学生随机分入牛奶组、豆浆组和纯净水组,每天饮用相应饮品1L,连续饮用4周。测定干预前后血浆中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、葡萄糖(GLU)水平的变化。结果干预后牛奶组的LDL-C水平从(2.28±0.33)mmol/L下降至(1.95±0.41)mmol/L(P﹤0.05),豆浆组从(2.23±0.27)mmol/L下降至(1.94±0.37)mmol/L(P﹤0.05)。与纯净水对照组比较,牛奶组和豆浆组降LDL-C作用更为明显(P﹤0.01)。另外豆浆组的TG水平也明显降低(P﹤0.05)。各组的TC、GLU水平未见明显变化。结论饮用牛奶或豆浆对血糖没有明显影响但有一定降血脂作用,可以预防动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病。     

学生早餐质量对血糖水平的影响

为了探讨早餐质量对学生血糖水平的影响，随机抽取３０名大学一年级的学生，测定禁食时及进３种不同热源质配比的试验早餐后１、２、３．５小时的血糖水平。结果表明：禁食时，血糖的变化是一条低平曲线；碳水化合物早餐使餐后１小时血糖显著升高，但不能持久，１小时后开始迅速下降，餐后３．５小时已接近正常值低限；高脂、高蛋白早餐使血糖在餐后１小时内逐渐升高，并维持在中等水平，至餐后３．５小时仍高于其他早餐的血糖水平；合理配比早餐使餐后１小时的血糖水平较快升高，且维持在较高而相对稳定的水平，至３．５小时仍接近于高脂、高蛋白早餐的血糖水平。提示：合理配比的早餐，对维持上午血糖水平具有重要意义。必须杜绝不吃早餐的不良习惯。     

毛细血管血糖和静脉血糖的检测对比分析

目的探讨毛细血管血血糖测试和静脉血血糖测试结果的差异。方法 118例新型农村合作医疗参保糖尿病患者,使用韩国2208型血糖仪测定毛细血管血血糖,与常规静脉血GOD-POD法测定血糖（血清）进行比较分析。结果毛细血管血血糖仪测定结果与常规静脉血糖测定结果差异无统计意义。结论快速血糖仪可用于门诊糖尿病的筛选、普查,为糖尿病患者自我监测可行性提供了参考依据。     

Postprandial Differences in the Amino Acid and Biogenic Amines Profiles of Impaired Fasting Glucose Individuals after Intake of Highland Barley

The aim of this study was to measure the postprandial changes in amino acid and biogenic amine profiles in individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and to investigate the changes of postprandial amino acid and biogenic amine profiles after a meal of highland barley (HB). Firstly, 50 IFG and 50 healthy individuals were recruited for the measurement of 2 h postprandial changes of amino acid and biogenic amine profiles after a glucose load. Secondly, IFG individuals received three different loads: Glucose (GL), white rice (WR) and HB. Amino acid and biogenic amine profiles, glucose and insulin were assayed at time zero and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the test load. The results showed fasting and postprandial amino acid and biogenic amine profiles were different between the IFG group and the controls. The level of most amino acids and their metabolites decreased after an oral glucose tolerance test, while the postprandial level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) increased significantly in IFG individuals. After three different test loads, the area under the curve for glucose, insulin, lysine and GABA after a HB load decreased significantly compared to GL and WR loads. Furthermore, the postprandial changes in the level of GABA between time zero and 120 min during a HB load were associated positively with 2 h glucose and fasting insulin secretion in the IFG individuals. Thus, the HB load produced low postprandial glucose and insulin responses, which induced changes in amino acid and biogenic amine profiles and improved insulin sensitivity.     

相同能量不同配方加餐对糖尿病患者餐后1小时血糖的影响

目的：探索相同能量不同配方加餐对糖尿病患者餐后1h血糖的影响。方法：将96例糖尿病患者随机分为四组,分别于早餐后2h给予四种能量相同的不同配方加餐,并对四组糖尿病患者试验前后的血糖值进行比较。结果：高纤饼干加餐后lh血糖与加餐前血糖比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,奶盐饼干、夹心饼干、营养代餐加餐后lh血糖与加餐前血糖比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：不同配方加餐对餐后1h血糖有不同影响,加餐中脂肪、纤维含量较高者加餐后血糖相对较好。     

Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise with and without Whole-Body Electromyostimulation and Endurance Exercise on the Postprandial Glucose Regulation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Crossover Study

Background: Long hyperglycemic episodes trigger complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Postprandial glucose excursions can be reduced by acute physical activity. However, it is not yet clear which type of exercise has the best effect on postprandial glucose levels. Methods: Six T2DM patients participated in three 20-min moderate-intensity exercise sessions after breakfast in a randomized order: resistance exercise with whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), resistance exercise without electromyostimulation (RES) and cycling endurance exercise (END). A continuous glucose monitoring system recorded glucose dynamics. Results: Postprandially-increased glucose levels decreased in all cases. Time to baseline (initial value prior to meal intake) was quite similar for WB-EMS, RES and END. Neither glucose area under the curve (AUC), nor time in range from the start of the experiment to its end (8 h later) differed significantly. A Friedman analysis of variance, however, revealed an overall significant difference for AUC in the post-exercise recovery phase (END seems to have superior effects, but post-hoc tests failed statistical significance). Conclusions: There are no notable differences between the effects of the different types of exercise on glucose levels, especially when comparing values over a longer period of time.     

成人空腹血糖与血脂及血尿酸的关系

目的探讨成人空腹血糖（FPG）与血中总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LCL-C）及尿酸（UA）的关系。方法用酶法检测5381名健康体检者FPG、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C及UA的浓度,根据FPG水平分为正常组、空腹血糖受损（IFG）组、糖尿病（DM）组,对各组指标进行分析。结果随血糖浓度的增高,TG、TC、LDL-C浓度及异常率呈升高趋势,TG在各组间,TC、LDL-C在正常组与其他两组间,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;HDL-C浓度呈降低趋势,但在各组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。与正常组相比,IFG组的UA浓度及异常率明显增高（P〈0.01）。UA浓度在糖尿病组与正常组之间差异无统计学意义。结论 IFG可出现代谢紊乱;血脂、UA增高可能是糖尿病并发症的危险因子。     

糖尿病视网膜病变与血糖水平关系的研究

目的 探讨糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）与血糖水平的关系。方法 采用非条件病例－对照研究,对DR发生的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果 经多因素逐步回归分析,筛选出5个意义的因素：尿微量白蛋白指数ALB／Cr、早餐前血糖、糖化血红蛋白HbA1c,神经系统病变史、糖尿病病程。结论 综合不同情况认为早餐前血糖7．90mmol/L是预防DR发生的可8建议的血糖水平,7．15mmol/L则是较为严格控制DR发生的血糖水平。     

富铬乳酸杆菌对糖尿病大鼠血糖和血脂的影响

<正>铬是维持正常糖代谢和脂代谢必需的微量元素,由铬、尼克酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、含硫氨基酸等构成的"葡萄糖耐量因子(GTF)",可促进胰岛素与受体结合,促进胰岛素活性[1]。人体总铬量约117mg,每天的需要量是0.005～0.2mg[2],无机铬吸收率很低(<3%),对胰岛素活性影响较小;     

POCT血糖仪、生化仪葡萄糖氧化酶法和己糖激酶法检测新生儿血糖的研究

目的从众多型号的POCT血糖仪中寻找与生化分析仪法相关性好的POCT血糖仪用来新生儿血糖的过筛和动态监测。方法模拟新生儿血液(高红细胞压积)检测:取高、中、低三种不同血糖浓度的成人患者样本各30人次,取静脉血用肝素抗凝,同一人次取3份。第一份用6个品牌8种型号血糖仪分别进行检测;第二份模仿新生血液、离心后吸去部分血浆,调红细胞压积至60%再用8款血糖仪分别进行检测;第三份用生化分析仪己糖激酶法检测。新生儿血液实例检测:取40例总胆红素正常新生儿和20例总胆红素升高的新生儿分别用强生稳步ONE Touch SureStep血糖仪检测毛细血管血糖,同时用生化分析仪(葡萄糖氧化酶法、己糖激酶法)检测静脉血的血糖。结果模拟新生儿血液的检测中:8款POCT血糖仪中,使用葡萄糖氧化酶光化学法原理的强生稳步ONE Touch Sure Step和罗氏ACCU-CHEK Active(机外进样)正常压积组A组和高红细胞压积组B组,高、中、低浓度血糖检测差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组和B组与生化仪己糖激酶法有很好的相关性(r>0.95)。新生儿血液实例检测中:强生稳步血糖仪与生化仪葡萄糖氧化酶法和己糖激酶法检测结果差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 POCT血糖仪葡萄糖氧化酶光化学法抗高红细胞压积的影响优于葡萄糖氧化酶电极法、葡萄糖脱氢酶电极法,使用葡萄糖氧化酶光化学法原理的POCT血糖仪与生化分析仪葡萄糖氧化酶法、己糖激酶法检测结果有很好的相关性,适合于新生儿血糖过筛和动态的监测。     

藤茶茶多糖对实验性糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响

藤茶属葡萄科多年生藤本植物(Ampelopsis grossedentata)的嫩茎叶,又名甜茶藤、甘露茶、白茅尖等[1]。民间有以此植物嫩枝叶泡水代茶的习俗。据中草药文献记载,藤茶具有清热解毒之功效,可治黄疸病毒性肝炎、感冒风热、咽喉肿痛等病症[2]。其主要成分为茶多糖(tea polysaccharide,TPS),本研究旨在观察TPS的降血糖作用。1材料与方法1.1材料1.1.1试剂和仪器:血糖(FBG)试剂盒由美国博晟公司提供,胰岛素(INS)试剂盒由天津九鼎医学生物工程有限公司提供,丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)试剂盒均由南京建…     

早餐质量对血糖、胰岛素和胰高血糖素水平的影响

近年来 ,我们对在校大学生的膳食状况进行调查中发现 ,在大学生中普遍存在着不同程度的营养问题 ,不进早餐或早餐简单应付现象相当普遍 ,传统型的早餐膳食仍是目前较多学生的选择。传统早餐难以满足上午紧张学习所需的营养素。国内外许多营养学家认为 :早餐应该是一日中最好的一餐 ,需要富含蛋白质以保证血糖较持久维持正常水平 ,以赋予充沛精力于学习和工作。为了进一步探索不同热源质配比膳食对血糖、胰岛素、胰高血糖素水平的影响 ,我们选择了医科大学生的早餐进行研究 ,通过测定胰岛素与胰血高糖素的消长关系来阐明血糖变化机制 ,为寻找…     

一亿糖尿病人对中国家用血糖测试耗材市场的影响

我国糖尿病血糖测试用品的开发和生产将近20年,每年约以15~20%的增速发展,但是厂家的生产设备、工艺技术和产量仍在低水平徘徊。全国十几家企业的年产量总和不抵国外一家企业30%的年产量。国内血糖测试产品市场70%的份额由进口产品控制。本文讨论分析国产血糖测试产品的生产技术现状,亟待解决的规模化、流水线生产模式,国内急速增长的糖尿病人对血糖测试产品市场带来的机遇与挑战。     

No Effect of Added Sugar Consumed at Median American Intake Level on Glucose Tolerance or Insulin Resistance

Excess sugar consumption may promote adverse changes in hepatic and total body insulin resistance. Debate continues over the effects of sugars at more typically consumed levels and whether the identity of the sugar consumed is important. In the present study participants (20–60 years old) were randomly assigned to one of five groups, three that consumed low fat milk with added fructose containing sugars in amounts equivalent to the 50th percentile of fructose consumption (US), one which consumed low-fat milk sweetened with glucose, and one unsweetened low-fat milk control group. The intervention lasted ten weeks. In the entire study population there was less than 1 kg increase in weight (73.6 ± 13.0 vs. 74.5 ± 13.3 kg, p < 0.001), but the change in weight was comparable among groups (p > 0.05). There were no changes in fasting glucose (49 ± 0.4 vs. 5.0 ± 0.5 mmol/L), insulin (56.9 ± 38.9 vs. 61.8 ± 50.0 pmol/L), or insulin resistance, as measured by the Homeostasis Model Assessment method (1.8 ± 1.3 vs. 2.0 ± 1.5, all p > 0.05). These data suggest that added sugar consumed at the median American intake level does not produce changes in measures of insulin sensitivity or glucose tolerance and that no sugar has more deleterious effects than others.     

住院患者血糖血脂化验结果知晓度调查

目的调查分析住院患者血糖、血脂知晓度,探讨对住院患者进行健康服务的必要性和措施。方法对北京某三级甲等医院1071名诊疗结束的住院患者进行问卷调查,调查信息通过EPiData录入,使用SAS6.12软件进行统计描述和分析。结果住院患者中血糖、血脂知晓率及糖尿病、高脂血症患病知晓率均较低,进而对提高知晓率的干预措施进行探讨。结论住院患者在专科疾病治疗的同时,对其所患的非专科慢性病或高危状态进行有效干预,已经成为住院患者的健康需求,对提高医院服务质量具有重要意义。