应用宝石能谱 CT 评估 TMD 患者的髁突位置

目的：通过应用宝石能谱CT对比分析颞下颌关节紊乱病（ temporomandibulardisorders,TMD）组和正常组的髁突位置。方法：通过参考颞下颌关节紊乱的研究诊断标准（ RDC／TMD）随机选择TMD患者与颞下颌关节正常的对照组病例各30名,均为放射科能谱CT检查的患者。通过在矢状位确定标志点后测量2组病例颞下颌关节关节窝上、前、后间隙的距离,以及关节结节倾角角度。结果：正常组和TMD组关节前间隙分别为2．44±0．49 mm和2．96±0．68 mm,两组之间关节前间隙的距离是对比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：能谱CT为一种可有效诊断TMD的实用影像学方法。     

伴有颞下颌关节紊乱病的女性开骀患者的[牙合]干扰特征分析

目的探讨伴有颞下颌关节紊乱病（temporomandibulardisorders,TMD）的开[牙合]患者的[牙合][牙合]干扰特征。方法169例女性开[牙合]患者根据有无TMD分为伴有颞下颌关节紊乱病组（TMD（＋）组）和无颞下颌关节紊乱病组（TMD（一）组）,对两组患者治疗前的模型进行研究,来比较两组患者的早接触等[牙合]干扰特点。结果TMD（＋）组开骀患者中,57．8％的患者存在着正中颌位的[牙合]干扰,明显高于TMD（-）组（P〈0．05）。终末位置上的不稳定和由于磨牙的早接触引起的下颌前方偏移是伴有TMD的开[牙合]患者常见的两种咬合特征。结论本研究提示开[牙合]患者中早接触等功能性因素和颞下颌关节病的发病有关。     

咀嚼运动轨迹与颞下颌关节紊乱病患者症状和咬合异常的关系

目的：探讨颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）患者的下颌咀嚼运动轨迹特点,及其与症状和咬合异常的关系。方法：23名无症状大学生志愿者和130名TMD患者,取研究模,记录咀嚼运动[牙合]期轨迹。结果：无症状对照组和TMD组咀嚼运动[牙合]期轨迹的形态没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。TMD组矢状面咀嚼运动轨迹的ICP稳定比例明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）,但冠状面上咀嚼运动轨迹的ICP稳定比例两组间无明显差异（P〉0．05）。TMD组矢状面[牙合]期轨迹分型与近远中向咬合关系的3级计分存在明显相关关系（P〈0．01）,近远中向咬合关系不正常者出现不重合型轨迹的比例较高。疼痛和关节弹响症状与咀嚼运动[牙合]期轨迹形态无关。结论：近远中向咬合关系对咀嚼运动有明显的引导作用。     

颞下颌关节紊乱指数临床应用评价

目的 探讨如何采用客观定量的方法评价颞下颌关节功能障碍程度和颞下颌关节紊乱病（temporomandibular disorders,TMD）的治疗效果。方法 分别采用Fricton颞下颌关节紊乱指数和Helkimo临床检查功能障碍指数，定量计算每例患者（共60例）的颞下颌关节紊乱指数，评价不同检查者获得的各项指数的一致性，并应用Fricton颞下颌关节紊乱指数定量评价TMD急性不可复性盘前移位的临床治疗效果。结果 （1）不同检查者获得的各项Fricton紊乱指数值相近；（2）Fricton紊乱指数可明确反映TMD急性不可复性盘前移位治疗后临床功能的改善。结论 评价TMD功能障碍程度或评价TMD治疗效果宜避免使用非客观的、描述性的报告，Fricton紊乱指数是一方便且有效的客观定量指标。     

颞下颌关节疾病

调（牙合）对TMD慢性疼痛治疗效果的临床评价初探,义齿式（牙合）板治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病伴牙列缺损磨损探讨,调（牙合）治疗颞颌关节系乱病疼痛效果及其可能机制的初步研究,山羊颞下颌关节强直病理模型的建立,骨牵引技术治疗TMJ强直小下颌畸形伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征,前侧方入路至颞下窝及邻近区域的临床解剖研究.[编者按]     

颞下颌关节紊乱病咬合特征的初步临床研究

目的 对颞下颌关节紊乱病（temporomandibular disorder,TMD）人群的咬合特征特别是动态咬合特征进行初步临床调查及分析。方法参考颞下颌关节紊乱病分类及诊断标准（Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, DC/TMD）收集TMD患者140例,对照组80例,口内检查其静态咬合特征,牙尖交错位（intercuspal position,ICP）与后退接触位（retruded contact position,RCP）协调性,下颌功能运动咬合干扰及牙齿不均匀磨损情况,分析颞下颌关节紊乱病的动态咬合特征。结果 TMD患者可存在多种静态咬合特征;下颌功能运动咬合干扰及牙齿不均匀磨损与TMD具有相关性,而ICP-RCP的协调性与TMD的存在无明显统计学意义。结论 TMD患者静态咬合特征表现为三维方向的复杂多样性;ICP-RCP不协调尚不能作为TMD的敏感因素;当存在下颌功能运动咬合干扰或牙齿不均匀磨损时需警惕TMD的存在。     

套筒冠义齿修复牙列重度磨耗的临床评价体会

目的：探讨套筒冠义齿修复重度磨耗[牙合]的临床效果。方法：对9例牙列重度磨耗的患者，进行套筒冠义齿修复（6例患者有颞下颌关节紊乱病），共制作套筒冠义齿12件，观察时间6—48个月，追踪患者主观感觉、咀嚼效果、义齿固位、稳定度及颞下颌关节紊乱病是否缓解；并通过X线片检查基牙牙周膜情况、基牙牙槽骨高度。结果：套筒冠义齿修复重度磨耗[牙合]后，患者自我感觉满意、能提高咀嚼效能，义齿固位稳定性好，颞下颌关节紊乱病疗效好，基牙牙周膜无明显异常，基牙牙槽骨无吸收。结论：采用套筒冠义齿修复牙列重度磨耗导致垂直距离下降的患者，可行而且有效。     

颞下颌关节紊乱病关节液雌二醇及骨钙素的检测及其临床意义

目的 检测颞下凳关节滑液中骨钙素及雌二醇半探讨其在颞下颌关节紊乱病中的意义。方法 采用放射免疫分析法分别对31侧及42侧颞下颌关节紊乱病患者关系液中骨钙素及雌二醇进行了测定,并分析了滑液骨钙素及雌二醇水平与TMD关系。结果 结构紊乱类滑液骨钙素浓度与正常对照组无明显差异（P＞0.05）,而OA类滑液骨钙素浓度比正常对照组及结构紊乱类明显增高（P＜0.05）。结论紊乱类与OA类关节液中E2浓度无明显差异,但均比对照组明显高。TMD患者中骨质硬化改变者滑液E2浓度明显高于其它类骨质改变者。结论 雌激素在颞下颌关节紊乱病的发生发展中起一定作用。高浓度滑液E2可能与关工骨质增生硬化相关。颞下颌关节骨关节病与局部同有转换增高及骨代谢异常有关,骨钙素可能是TMD骨改变的标志物之一。     

468例颞下颌关节紊乱病的诊治分析

颞下颌关节紊乱病(temporomandibular disorders，TMD)是一种常见病、多发病。由于颞下颌关节结构较复杂，口颌系统功能又多种多样，往往患病后造成患者生活与精神上的苦恼。本文对10年来诊治的468例TMD患者进行分析。     

下颌运动轨迹分析在颞下颌关节紊乱病诊疗中的应用及展望

近年来,颞下颌关节紊乱综合征(temporomandibular disorder,TMD)患病率越来越高,且病因复杂.下颌运动轨迹观测能够针对颞下颌关节(temporomandibular joint,TMJ)的运动能力及协调性进行诊断分析,广泛应用于口腔正畸、修复及外科治疗过程中,对TMD的诊断分析及疗效评定具有重...     

Complications and post-operative sequelae of temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis

Objective: To evaluate intraoperative complications and postsurgical sequelae associated with arthrocentesis of the TMJ, including injection of Sodium Hyaluronate.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 433 arthrocentesis procedures performed in 315 patients between January 2009 and August 2016. The authors reviewed the complications identified during the procedure and the follow-up period.

Results: Temporary swelling of the periarticular tissues (95.1%) or the external auditory canal (23.5%), ipsilateral temporary open bite (68.8%), frontalis and orbicularis oculis paresis (65.1%), preauricular hematoma (0.4%), and a case of vertigo (0.2%) were the complications detected.

Conclusions: TMJ arthrocentesis remains a procedure with a minimum number of important complications. If present, complications are generally temporary, caused by the anesthetic effect or by the soft tissue edema created by the fluid extravasation created by the irrigation procedure, and can be managed on an outpatient basis.     

Irrigation fluid volume requirement for conventional arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint: a cadaver study

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrocentesis is considered an effective and minimally invasive procedure for certain conditions related to temporomandibular disorders. The ideal irrigation volume for arthrocentesis lavage has not yet been defined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different saline solution volumes in removing methylene blue from the TMJ space of fresh human cadavers. Nineteen cadavers were selected and 1 ml of 10 μM methylene blue solution was injected into the upper joint space unilaterally. Conventional arthrocentesis was then conducted by infusion of 300 ml of 0.9% saline solution, collecting a 1-ml sample from the drained quantity for every 25 ml injected. Finally, the samples were assayed by measuring photo absorbance of the methylene blue solution. There was a statistically significant difference between the irrigation volumes regarding the removal of methylene blue solution from the joint space (P < 0.001), specifically between the first 25 ml and 200 ml (P = 0.014), 225 ml (P = 0.001), 250 ml (P < 0.001), and 275 ml (P = 0.001). Based on this ex vivo study, a 25-ml perfusion volume appears to be sufficient for joint lavage in conventional arthrocentesis of the TMJ.     

Isolation and characterization of synovial cells from the human temporomandibular joint

BACKGROUND: The synovial tissues with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) often show chronic inflammatory changes and the synovial cells participate in the pathogenic processes of TMDs. The synovial membrane is composed of a synovial lining layer and a connective sublining layer. The synovial lining layer is made up of two kinds of cells: macrophage-like type A and fibroblastic type B cells. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize synovial cells from the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ). METHODS: Synovial cells were isolated using an explant culture method. Then, we characterized the cultured synovial cells (SGA2 cells) using immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: SGA2 cells expressed the fibroblastic markers vimentin and prolyl 4-hydroxylase; they also expressed laminin and heat shock protein 27, all of which are markers of type B cells. However, some cells expressed the macrophage marker CD68. These CD68-positive cells simultaneously expressed laminin. CONCLUSIONS: We isolated and cultured synovial type B cells from the human TMJ, and identified the presence of intermediate type synovial lining cells, having the phenotypic properties of both type A and type B cells, among the synovial lining cells.     

Characteristics of a group of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders

ABSTRACT Information concerning social, medical and dental characteristics was obtained from a group comprising 406 patients, 103 men and 303 women, all with some temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder. Median age for the men was 27 years, and for the women 33 years. Individuals belonging to the middle and upper social classes were clearly overrepresented. Self-reports on general health indicated no obvious deviation from levels which might be expected to prevail in the general population. Dental health tended to be slightly ahead of Norwegian general standards. Eighty-two percent of the group were found to have a mandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (MDS), 11 % had chronic osteoarthritis, and 7 % suffered from other arthropathies of traumatic as well as rheumatologic origin. The proportion of patients with MDS was inversely related to age, and after the age of 40, the relative frequency of MDS also fell slightly with the lowering of social class. Presumably the social composition of the clientele reflected differences in the seeking of treatment, rather than in the “true” disease prevalences. No indication was found for assuming that dental factors had played major and independent roles in the development of the disorders.     

Signs of temporomandibular disorders in tinnitus patients and in a population-based group of volunteers: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania

The literature has documented a controversial discussion on the possible relationship of otogenous symptoms and craniomandibular dysfunction since the 1920s. Therefore, an investigation was conducted which consisted of two parts: a case study with population-based controls and a cross-sectional study. The aim of the first study was to screen a group of patients suffering from acute or chronic tinnitus for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in comparison with a population-based group of volunteers without tinnitus. To this end, 30 patients (13 females and 17 males, age 18-71 years) suffering from acute hearing loss associated with tinnitus, isolated acute tinnitus, and chronically transient tinnitus were examined for symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction. The results were compared with those of clinical functional analysis from 1907 subjects selected representatively and according to age distribution from the epidemiological 'Study of Health in Pomerania' (SHIP); the occurrence of tinnitus was ruled out in these control subjects. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Sixty per cent of the tinnitus patients and 36.5% of the control subjects exhibited more than two symptoms of TMD (P = 0.004). Tinnitus patients had significantly more muscle palpation pain (P < 0.001), temporomandibular joint (TMJ) palpation pain (P < 0.001), and pain upon mouth opening (P < 0.001) than the general population group. No statistical differences were found in TMJ sounds, limitation of mandibular movement, or hypermobility of the TMJ. Furthermore, 4228 subjects of the population group examined in the epidemiological study were screened for co-factors of tinnitus with the help of a multivariate logistic regression model which was adjusted for gender, age, and a variety of anamnestic and examined data. Increased odds ratios (OR) were found for tenderness of the masticatory muscles (OR = 1.6 for one to three painful muscles and OR = 2.53 for four or more painful muscles), TMJ tenderness to dorsal cranial compression (OR = 2.99), listlessness (OR = 2.0) and frequent headache (OR = 1.84) A relationship between tinnitus and TMD was established in both examinations. Tinnitus patients seem to suffer especially from myofascial and TMJ pain. A screening for TMD should be included in the diagnostic survey for tinnitus patients.     

Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and the incidence of tinnitus

In a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP 0), temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were the strongest predictors for tinnitus beside headache. The aim of this study was to investigate whether signs and symptoms of TMD can be identified as risk factors for developing tinnitus. The SHIP 1 is a population-based 5-year longitudinal study intended to systematically describe the prevalence of and risk factors for diseases common in the population of Pomerania in northern Germany. A total of 3300 subjects (76% response) were reevaluated after 5 years for tinnitus and signs and symptoms of TMD using the same questionnaires and examination tools as baseline. To estimate the relative risk (RR) appropriately, a modified Poisson regression was used. After exclusion of prevalent cases with diagnosed tinnitus, 3134 subjects were analysed. Among the 191 exposed subjects with palpation pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), 24 subjects (12·6%) received diagnosed tinnitus after 5 years, whereas among the 2643 unexposed subjects 142 subjects (5·8%) received tinnitus yielding a risk difference of 7·7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3·0%-12·5%) and a risk ratio of 2·60 (95% CI: 1·7-3·9). The risk ratio was 2·4 (95% CI: 1·6-3·7) after adjustment for gender, age, school education and frequent headache. Pain on palpation of the TMJ, however, did not worsen the prognosis for tinnitus in prevalent tinnitus cases (RR = 0·8, P = 0·288). Signs of TMD are a risk factor for the development of tinnitus.     

Activator矫治对颞下颌关节的影响及其与颞下颌关节紊乱病的关系

Activator矫治器是较早用于临床的功能矫治器,由Andresen于1908年设计,对安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)畸形患者有良好的治疗效果,通过前移下颌刺激下颌骨的生长且抑制上颌矢状向生长,从而调节上下颌骨矢状向的关系.目前,关于Activator矫治器的矫治原理还存在较多的分歧,其中之一就有Activator是否能刺...     

Self-reported bruxism and temporomandibular disorders: findings from two specialised centres

The aims of this investigation were to report the frequency of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) diagnoses and the prevalence of self-reported awake and sleep bruxism as well as to describe the possible differences between findings of two specialised centres as a basis to suggest recommendations for future improvements in diagnostic homogeneity and accuracy. A standardised Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) assessment was performed on patients attending both TMD Clinics, viz., at the University of Padova, Italy (n=219; 74% women) and at the University of Tel Aviv, Israel (n=397; 79% women), to assign axis I physical diagnoses and to record data on self-reported awake and sleep bruxism. Significant differences were shown between the two clinic samples as for the frequency of TMD diagnoses (chi-square, P<0·001) and the prevalence of at least one positive response to bruxism items (chi-square, P<0·001). The more widespread use of TMJ imaging techniques in one clinic sample led to a higher prevalence of multiple diagnoses, and the higher prevalence of self-reported bruxism in patients with myofascial pain alone described in the other clinic sample was not replicated, suggesting that the different adoption of clinical and imaging criteria to diagnose TMD may influence also reports on their association with bruxism. From this investigation, it emerged that the features of the study samples as well as the different interpretation of the same diagnostic guidelines may have strong influence on epidemiological reports on bruxism and TMD prevalence and on the association between the two disorders.