改良背带式缝合术在剖宫产术中大出血患者中的应用

目的探讨改良背带式缝合术用于剖宫产术中大出血的效果。方法对11例剖宫产术中大出血患者应用改良背带式缝合术,并随访产后恢复情况。结果9例手术成功,保留了子宫,产后42d复查子宫复旧好,产后6～12个月无后遗症及远期并发症。结论改良背带式缝合术是处理剖宫产术中出血,特别是宫缩乏力性出血的有效方法。     

剖宫产产后出血相关因素分析

目的探讨剖宫产产后出血的相关因素,为其防治提供参考。方法选择剖宫产产后出血产妇118例（出血组）,并与同期年龄相仿、无剖宫产后出血的产妇118例（对照组）对照。收集两组有关的临床资料（包括年龄、职业、孕产次、孕周等）,通过χ2检验比较两组暴露因素的构成差异,采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选剖宫产产后出血的高风险独立相关因素。结果单因素分析显示,出血组的脑力劳动、孕周〈37周、胎盘异常（胎盘粘连或植入）、择期剖宫产、宫缩乏力、子宫裂伤、妊娠期高血压疾病、新生儿体重≥4.0kg的构成比高于对照组（P=0.001～0.045）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,宫缩乏力（OR？=5.367;95%CI：2.451～11.755）和子宫裂伤（OR？=5.778;95%CI：1.963～17.009）是剖宫产产后出血的高风险独立相关因素。结论宫缩乏力和子宫裂伤是剖宫产产后出血的高风险因素,应加强防护。     

医院输血科在输血质量管理中的实践探讨

<正>临床输血医学的迅速发展,给我们带来严峻的挑战!即如何保证输血质量,确保输血安全[1]。对拥有650张病床,年用血量6 000U的二等甲级综合医院的输血科来说,如何管理、提高输血质量是我们的工作重点。下面是我科近几年里实践探索和积累的部分经验,现报告如下。1积极开展创建活动,参加室间质评,提高输血质量2011年我院输血科申报了创建湖北省临床输血重点专科[2],参加了湖北省临检中心室间质量控制,从参加室间质控以来,每次质评(ABO正定型;     

输血科在临床输血工作中的作用

<正>输血科肩负临床输血工作,是临床参与临床急救及危重患者救治的重点科室。为了进一步规范临床用血,提高血液使用效能,本文就如何科学、合理、安全用血进行剖析,特别是通过对临床输血流程科学合理的管理,加强输血科与临床用血科室沟通,把握临床用血指征,规范临床用血疗效评估,持续改进临床输血工作,提高临床用血质量,把安全输血提高到重要地位。1输血科要对临床医护人员进行输血相关知识的针对性培训     

医院临床用血现状分析

目的：通过对医院临床用血现状的分析,指导临床科学合理用血。方法：对华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院2006-2008年临床用血情况进行统计并计算出各种成分输血率。结果：用血量逐年增加,成分输血率达较高水平（〉99.8%）,以红细胞、血小板、血浆为主。血小板和冷沉淀的应用率逐年增加,血浆的应用率逐年减少。结论：我院成分输血率已达较高水平,注重血小板冷沉淀的配合输注,血浆滥用情况已经大大减少,但是对血浆应用的认识还得进一步提高。     

Triggers and appropriateness of red blood cell transfusions in the postpartum patient–a retrospective audit

Background and Objective  Despite published guidelines, a proportion of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions seem unnecessary. To evaluate the indications for and the appropriateness of RBC transfusions in the postpartum patient, we performed a retrospective audit over a 1-year period in two Dutch hospitals.
Study Design and Methods  Observational study of transfused obstetric patients, admitted in 2006 to the Departments of Obstetrics of a university and a general hospital, was carried out. Relevant clinical and laboratory data were recorded. The appropriateness of RBC transfusions was assessed using the national and age-based transfusion guidelines for the general population; for the studied group the transfusion threshold haemoglobin (Hb) value was 6·4 g/dl for non-massive and 8·1 g/dl for massive blood loss. From these we derived target Hb levels.
Results  Ninety patients received one or more RBC units within 48 h of delivery. Mean pretransfusion Hb level was 6·9 [SD 1·2] g/dl. Median number of transfusions was 2. Mean Hb level at discharge was 9·7 [SD 1·1] g/dl. Taking threshold Hb and the derived target Hb level into account, 68% ( n  = 61) of the patients may have received one or more RBC units inappropriately. Of 311 RBC units transfused, 143 units (46%) were possibly inappropriate, partly due to over-transfusion.
Conclusion  A significant proportion of postpartum RBC transfusions are possibly inappropriate, partly due to over-transfusion. If current guidelines would be more specific, in particular, with respect to the target Hb levels, the total amount of RBC transfusions may be considerably decreased.     

A study of blood transfusion services at a district hospital in Malawi

Background and objectives Severe anaemia is an important cause of mortality in developing countries. However, few studies have explored the use of and possibilities for blood transfusion services. The aims of this study are to explore the use of blood transfusion services at a hospital in sub‐Saharan Africa and to assess the quality of the transfusion services according to WHO guidelines. Materials and methods Patient age, gender, haemoglobin (Hb) level, diagnosis, hospital department and replacement donations were recorded for all blood transfusions administered at a district hospital in Malawi in January 2010. The laboratory equipment and procedures were scored according to WHO guidelines. Results The mean Hb of transfused patients was 4·8 g/dl. Fifty‐seven per cent (59/104) of the transfusions were given to children diagnosed with malaria, and 17% (18/104) were given to pregnant women. During the study period, blood was in stock and available for transfusion within 1 h of requisition. The equipment and procedures at this hospital met the main criteria for an adequate WHO stage of development. Conclusion In contrast to the advanced transfusion medicine in developed nations, our findings highlight the persistent and urgent need for life‐saving blood transfusions in especially young children and pregnant women in Africa. The results indicate that blood transfusion services adapted to local conditions may be a realistic solution for providing safe blood products in developing countries. Serious challenges, such as HIV transmission and sustainable organization of low‐risk blood donations should be addressed to assure access to safe blood products.     

Perioperative blood usage and therapeutic plasma exchange in kidney transplantation during a 16-year period in South Korea

BackgroundThe frequency of kidney transplantation (KT) is increasing. Blood transfusion plays an important role in the success of KT. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is also used for desensitisation in ABO-incompatible KT and treatment of antibody-mediated rejection.Materials and methodsWe analysed red blood cell (RBC), platelet, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) usage and the number of TPE procedures performed during the hospitalisation of KT patients from 2002 to 2017 using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database.ResultsA total of 18,331 KT patients were included in this study. The number of transfused RBCs continued to increase from 4,806 units in 2002–2005 to 12,390 units in 2014–2017. However, the average number of RBCs transfused per patient decreased from 2.17 to 1.79 units. Estimated platelet usage increased from 4,259 units in 2002–2005 to 11,519 units in 2014–2017, and the proportion of filtered platelets increased from 72.6% to 83.4% during the same period. There was a huge increase in the total number of FFP units used, from 2,255 units in 2002–2005 to 51,531 units in 2014–2017. The number of TPE procedures performed also increased from 296 to 6,479 during the same period. Patients with acute rejection accounted for 8.8% of all KT patients, and more RBC and FFP were used for these patients and a greater number of TPE procedures were performed compared to those who did not experience rejection.DiscussionBlood usage and TPE have increased steadily with the increasing numbers of KTs. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to ensure appropriate perioperative blood preparation and usage for KT patients.     

2001-2006年十堰市太和医院临床输血回顾分析

目的：通过临床资料统计分析，了解临床输血现状，以便探讨提高临床输血质量。方法：对十堰市太和医院2001～2006年临床输血总量、全血和成分用血等指标进行统计分析。结果：成分输血比例逐年上升，全血用量逐年明显减少，血小板、冷沉淀用量逐步增加，白细胞输注趋于淘汰，人均用血量无明显变化，血浆用量逐年增加，但所占比例逐年下降。结论：临床成分输血比例呈逐年上升，临床输血日趋规范，但仍有一些不合理现象，需采取有效措施，进一步提高临床输血质量。     

基层医院护理人员输血知识掌握情况调查分析

近年来随着本市各医院临床用血量的不断增加,输血操作及输血知识的应用也越来越频繁,因此,了解基层护理人员对于输血相关知识掌握程度便日趋重要。笔者为了解市直属医疗机构护理人员对输血知识的掌握情况,随机抽取280名护理人员进行问卷调查,以便能更有针对性的对护理人员进行相关输血知识的培训,     

Platelet transfusion therapy in acute leukemia: lack of effect of splenomegaly on transfusion requirements and risk of hemorrhage

Platelet transfusions are an important supportive measure during treatment for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). The presence of splenomegaly may produce decreased posttransfusion platelet increments leading some to recommend an increased dose of platelets per transfusion in this situation. Forty-nine newly diagnosed patients with ANLL were evaluated during 1980 and 1981, and 24% had palpable splenomegaly. Although treated with usual doses of platelets per transfusion, there was no detectable statistical increase in transfusion requirement or incidence of hemorrhage in patients with splenomegaly. Experimental evidence indicates that the splenic platelet pool enlarges with splenomegaly, but the life span of circulating platelets is not significantly changed. Furthermore, the splenic platelet pool is in dynamic equilibrium with the circulating platelet pool thus allowing these platelets to participate in hemostasis. Although posttransfusion increment in platelet count may be less, it appears that platelet transfusion therapy need not be altered solely because of splenomegaly.     

急性脑出血大鼠脑组织含水量和外周血糖变化的研究

目的　探讨脑组织含水量和外周血糖水平在大鼠脑出血急性期的变化规律 ,分析两者在脑出血急性期的病理生理意义。方法　 42只成年SD大鼠 ,随机分为对照组和脑出血组。采用胶原酶诱导大鼠脑出血模型 ,脑干 湿重法测定脑组织含水量变化 ,用快速血糖测定法检测外周血糖水平。结果　手术对照组大鼠脑组织含水量和外周血糖与正常对照组比较差异无显著性意义 ,脑出血组大鼠在出血后 12h、1d、2d、3d脑组织含水量和外周血糖水平均明显高于对照组。脑组织含水量和外周血糖水平在脑出血急性期均增高。结论　大鼠脑出血后脑组织含水量和外周血糖水平对脑出血急性期的病理过程具有同样重要的意义     

输血科在科学合理用血中的作用

目的：探讨输血科在科学合理用血中发挥的作用。方法：2007年上半年用血完全按照临床医生要求给予。2008年上半年用血严格执行卫生部《临床输血技术规范》,临床医师和输血医技人员严格掌握输血适应证。2007年上半年与2008年上半年情况进行统计学分析。结果：临床不合理用血有所下降,输血趋于科学合理,临床医师和输血工作者科学用血知识得到了提高。结论：输血科在科学合理用血中的作用明显,效果显著。     

异体输血对消化道出血患者凝血功能及部分免疫功能的影响

[目的]探讨异体输血对消化道出血患者凝血功能及部分免疫功能的影响。[方法]入选消化性溃疡出血、血红蛋白65~75g/L的患者40例,其中不给予输血治疗20例作为对照组,给予输注少白红细胞2~4U的20例作为输血组,并分别于输血组的输血前、输血后采取2组患者静脉血,检测其凝血功能及外周血中自然杀伤(NK)细胞、IgG、IgA、IgM、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+的变化情况。[结果]输血组输血前与对照组各项指标均无显著差异,输血后NK细胞、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IgG较输血前显著减少(P0.05),IgA、IgM与输血前变化不显著;输血组输血前、输血后1d凝血功能指标变化均差异不显著(P0.05)。[结论]异体输血对纠正患者失血性贫血有疗效,但对患者免疫功能抑制明显,对于异体输血量在一定范围内的患者凝血功能无明显影响。     

Evaluation of candidemia and antifungal consumption in a large tertiary care Italian hospital over a 12-year period

Purpose

An early adequate antifungal therapy based on the knowledge of local epidemiology can reduce the candidemia-attributable mortality and the length of hospitalization. We performed a retrospective study to analyze the epidemiology of candidemia and the antifungal consumption in our hospital.

Methods

We analyzed Candida spp. isolated from the blood, and their susceptibility profile from 2005 to 2016 in Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy. We also performed a stratified analysis by clinical setting where Candida spp. were isolated (Medical Wards, Surgery, Intensive Care Unit-ICU). Then, we retrospectively reviewed the annual consumption of antifungal agents and calculated the defined daily dosing for 10,000 hospital days.

Results

The rate of candidemia was higher in ICU than other settings and Candida albicans was the first cause of candidemia (61.2%). After adjustment for hospital days, the rate of C. albicans showed a statistically significant parabolic trend (p?<?0.001), with a peak of incidence in 2010. After 2010, we observed a reduction of candidemia due to both C. albicans and non-albicans species. Between 2005 and 2015, we reported an increasing increased use of echinocandins. As far as resistance profile is concerned, only one Candida glabrata isolate was resistant to caspofungin (1.9%) and 30% of C. glabrata were resistant to fluconazole.

Conclusions

Our data describe C. albicans as the first cause of candidemia in all the studied settings and the low rate of echinocandin resistance, despite their increased use over the study period. ICU was confirmed as the setting with the highest incidence of candidemia.

     

Effect of perioperative blood transfusion on clinical outcomes in hepatic surgery for cancer

Allogeneic blood transfusion during liver resection for malignancies has been associated with an increased incidence of different types of complications： infectious complications, tumor recurrence, decreased survival. Even if there is clear evidence of transfusion-induced immunosuppression, it is difficult to demonstrate that transfusion is the only determinant factor that decisively affects the outcome. In any case there are several motivations to reduce the practice of blood transfusion. The advantages and drawbacks of different transfusion alternatives are reviewed here, emphasizing that surgeons and anesthetists who practice in centers with a high volume of liver resections, should be familiar with all the possible alternatives.