阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆定量脑电图波频差异研究

目的探讨阿尔茨海默病(AD)与血管性痴呆(VD)定量脑电图(EEG)波频差异,慢、快波比例与AD、VD认知能力的关系。方法将30例AD患者、30例VD患者与30例正常老年人行EEG功率谱分析及视觉EEG评分。功率谱按频率分:δ(0.8～4.0 Hz)、θ(4.0～7.8 Hz)、α(7.8～12.8 Hz)、β(13.0～20.0 Hz),以(δ+θ)/(α+β)值作为观察评估指标进行比较。对3组全脑、额叶、颞叶、顶叶、枕叶、中央、左额叶、左颞叶、左顶叶、左枕叶、左中央、右额叶、右颞叶、右顶叶、右枕叶及右中央的(δ+θ)/(α+β)值及视觉EEG评分进行比较。将AD、VD患者的简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分和(δ+θ)/(α+β)值进行相关分析。结果 AD组在全脑、额叶、颞叶、顶叶、枕叶、中央、左额叶、左颞叶、左顶叶、左枕叶、左中央、右额叶、右颞叶、右顶叶、右枕叶、右中央的(δ+θ)/(α+β)值及视觉EEG评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VD组除右颞叶及右中央,其余各观察区域的(δ+θ)/(α+β)值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VD组的视觉EEG评分与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AD组与VD组各观察区域(δ+θ)/(α+β)值间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。VD组除枕叶,其余观察区域左额叶、左颞叶、左顶叶及左中央(δ+θ)/(α+β)值高于右侧对称部位,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AD组、对照组各观察区域的左右对称部位(δ+θ)/(α+β)值间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AD、VD组MMSE评分、视觉EEG评分与各区域(δ+θ)/(α+β)值呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论定量脑电图作为一种客观、量化的脑功能检测手段,有助于AD、VD早期诊断、鉴别诊断及病情监测,对AD、VD患者认知能力评估有重要价值。     

柴胡皂苷D对人肾小管上皮细胞转分化的影响及机制

目的探讨柴胡皂苷D(SSD)对人肾小管上皮细胞转分化的影响及其作用机制。 方法将人肾小管上皮细胞HK-2细胞分为对照组、空白溶剂对照组、肾间质纤维化(RIF)组(5 μg/L TGF-β1)、阳性对照组(5 μg/L TGF-β1+10 μmol/L贝那普利)、SSD组(5 μg/L TGF-β1+10.00 μmol/L SSD)、SSD+DKK-1组(5 μg/L TGF-β1+10.00 μmol/L SSD+100 μg/L DKK-1)。光学显微镜观察各组细胞形态变化,免疫荧光检测细胞E-钙黏素(E-cadherin)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)表达,Western blotting检测细胞基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-7、Snail、E-cadherin、α-SMA、β-catenin蛋白表达,qRT-PCR检测细胞胶原蛋白Ⅰ(Collagen Ⅰ)相对表达量。 结果对照组、空白溶剂对照组细胞有序、紧密排列,RIF组细胞呈现出长梭形且细胞排列分散；阳性对照组、SSD组和SSD+DKK-1组中长梭形细胞较RIF组减少且细胞分散程度降低。RIF组E-cadherin荧光斑低于对照组(P＜0.05),α-SMA荧光斑和MMP-7、Snail、E-cadherin、α-SMA、β-catenin蛋白表达、Collagen Ⅰ基因相对表达量高于对照组(P＜0.05)。阳性对照组、SSD组E-cadherin荧光斑和蛋白表达高于RIF组(P＜0.05),α-SMA荧光斑和MMP-7、Snail、α-SMA、β-catenin蛋白表达、Collagen Ⅰ基因相对表达量低于RIF组(P＜0.05)。SSD+DKK-1组E-cadherin荧光斑和蛋白表达高于SSD组(P＜0.05),α-SMA荧光斑和MMP-7、Snail、α-SMA、β-catenin蛋白表达、Collagen Ⅰ基因相对表达量低于SSD组(P＜0.05)。 结论SSD可抑制人肾小管上皮细胞转分化,可能与抑制Wnt/β-catenin途径活化有关。     

颞叶癫痫发作间期NLR、PLR 和细胞因子的相关性分析

目的 分析颞叶癫痫(temporal lobe epilepsy, TLE)患者发作间期外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞(neutrophil/lymphocyte, NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞(platelet/lymphocyte, PLR)及细胞因子水平的变化及其相关性,探讨炎症参与TLE发作的机制。方法 选取2020年10月~2022年7月于徐州医科大学附属医院神经内科就诊的172例TLE患者作为癫痫组,收集患者的临床资料。选取同院同期年龄、性别等基线资料与癫痫组匹配的健康体检者36例作为健康对照组。依据采血时距末次癫痫发作的时间将患者进行分组和数据收集。评估TLE患者发作间期NLR、PLR及细胞因子的变化并分析两者的相关性。结果 TLE发作后各项炎症指标均较健康人群显著升高。TLE 24h组NLR、PLR、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6, IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)水平均明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.05);该期内IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α与NLR、PLR呈正相关(均P＜0.05)。TLE 72h组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.05);该期内IL-1β、TNF-α与NLR呈正相关(均P＜0.05)。TLE 1周组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.05)。TLE 1个月组IL-1β水平明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.05)。癫痫发作后,NLR、PLR呈下降后再回升趋势;NLR、PLR在TLE 1个月组最低。相反,IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平在TLE 24h组最高,后呈持续下降趋势。结论 TLE患者发作间期炎性指标及细胞因子显著升高。发作后24h内炎症标志物及细胞因子间存在显著相关性,在TLE发作急性期发挥重要作用。     

哈氏止带Ⅱ号方治疗湿热下注型BV临床研究

[目的] 探讨哈氏止带Ⅱ号方治疗湿热下注型细菌性阴道病（BV）的临床疗效、阴道内乳杆菌数量变化及阴道局部免疫情况。[方法] 选取2020年1—12月就诊于天津中医药大学第一附属医院妇科门诊的湿热下注型BV患者48例,采用随机对照的研究方法将患者分成治疗组和对照组。对照组予替硝唑栓治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上内服哈氏止带Ⅱ号方,均治疗1个疗程。分别对比两组在临床疗效、治疗前后阴道内乳杆菌数量与阴道内白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）浓度的差异。对治疗后Nugent评分＜7分的患者分别于治疗结束后第1、2、3个月后进行随访观察。[结果] 治疗组临床疗效优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗组治疗后在降低阴道内IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α浓度、增加阴道内乳杆菌数量方面优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗结束后第1、2、3个月,两组Nugent评分均较治疗前下降,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且治疗组下降趋势较大;治疗组在治疗后第1、2、3月Nugent评分均低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（P≤0.05）。治疗后第1个月,治疗组增加阴道内乳杆菌数量优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。[结论] 哈氏止带Ⅱ号方可以治疗湿热下注型BV,增加阴道内乳杆菌数量、降低阴道内IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α浓度和预防复发。     

学龄期多动症患儿视频脑电图异常改变与智力水平的关系

目的 探讨学龄期多动症患儿视频脑电图的检查结果及其与智力水平的关系。方法 选取2015年3月—2019年7月佛山复星禅诚医院收治的80例学龄期多动症患儿作为甲组,另选取同期体检健康的72例学龄期儿童作为乙组。两组均进行视频脑电图检查,对比脑电图异常情况,采用中国韦氏学龄儿童智力量表（C-WISC）评估其智力水平,比较甲组脑电图正常者与异常者的智力水平,采用Spearman法分析学龄期多动症患儿的视频脑电图异常情况与智力水平的关系。结果 甲组脑电图异常率为23.75%（19/80）,其中9例表现为α波形欠整齐及调节调幅欠佳,θ波增多且呈弥散或阵发性出现,θ/α、θ/β比值升高,6例表现为θ波弥漫性活动、δ波增多、左右不对称及有少量癫痫样放电,有4例表现为明显δ波活动、弥漫性慢波异常且多伴癫痫样放电;乙组脑电图异常率为6.94%（5/72）,其中4例表现为θ波弥漫增多及基线不稳、调幅不佳,1例表现为δ波增多且形态不规则;甲组视频脑电图异常率高于乙组（P <0.05）;两组言语智商（VIQ）、操作智商（PIQ）及总智商（FIQ）等级比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,甲组VIQ、PIQ及FIQ等级（优秀+中上+中等）占比低于乙组（P <0.05）;甲组脑电图异常者的VIQ、PIQ及FIQ的等级与正常者比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,异常者VIQ、PIQ、FIQ等级（优秀+中上+中等）占比低于正常者（P <0.05）;经Spearman相关性分析显示,学龄期多动症患儿脑电图异常与其VIQ、PIQ和FIQ水平呈正相关（r_s =0.579、0.583和0.562,P =0.002、0.006和0.005）。结论 部分学龄期多动症患儿有脑电图异常改变及智力水平下降的表现,且脑电图异常者的智力水平降低更为明显,脑电图异常与智力水平存在一定相关性。     

定量脑电图对帕金森病患者认知能力的评估

目的 探讨定量脑电图在帕金森病患者认知能力评估中的作用.方法 将帕金森病患者分为痴呆组(32例)和非痴呆组(30例),分别以定量脑电图检查,进行功率谱分析.功率谱按频率分为δ(1.0～3.9 Hz)、θ(4.0～7.9 Hz)、α(8.0.～12.9 Hz)、β(13.0～24.9 Hz)4个频带,计算出各个频带的绝对功率值及(δ+θ)/(α+β)值,并以(δ+θ)/(α+β)值作为观察指标,进行两个病例组之间的关系研究.结果 痴呆组的(δ+θ)/(α+β)值为(5.432±1.677),非痴呆组的(δ+θ)/(α+β)值为(2.724±1.241).两组行两独样本t检验,两组间差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.32例痴呆组患者的MMSE评分和(6+θ)/(α+β)值行Pearson相关分析,得出r=- 0.602,P＜0.05,两者呈负相关.结论 定量脑电图可作为一种客观、快速的帕金森病患者认知功能评价手段,(δ+θ)/(α+β)值可反映帕金森病患者认知功能障碍的程度.     

lncRNA XIST和miR-124在支气管哮喘患儿外周血单个核细胞中表达关系研究

目的 检测支气管哮喘患儿外周血单个核细胞中长链非编码RNA X染色体失活特异性转录本(lncRNA XIST)、微小RNA-124(miR-124)表达水平,并探讨其临床意义。方法 选取2020年1月至2021年3月因支气管哮喘于河南大学第一附属医院门诊及病房接受治疗168例患儿,其中急性发作期82例(急性发作组)、缓解期86例(缓解组);同期选取84例健康体检儿童作为对照组。实时荧光定量PCR法检测外周血单个核细胞中lncRNA XIST、miR-124水平,肺功能仪检测肺功能指标第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1),酶联免疫吸附法检测炎症因子白细胞介素(IL)-17、IL-1β、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;Pearson法分析支气管哮喘患儿lncRNA XIST、miR-124与肺功能指标、炎症因子水平相关性。结果 与对照组比较,缓解组、急性发作组lncRNA XIST及IL-17、IL-1β、TNF-α水平升高,miR-124、FEV1、IL-10水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与缓解组比较,急性发作组lncRNA XIST及IL-17、IL-1β、TNF-α水平升高,miR-124、FEV1、IL-10水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。支气管哮喘患儿外周血单个核细胞lncRNA XIST与miR-124水平呈负相关(r=-0.668,P＜0.001)。支气管哮喘患儿lncRNA XIST与IL-17、IL-1β、TNF-α呈正相关(P＜0.05),与FEV1、IL-10呈负相关(P＜0.05);miR-124与FEV1、IL-10呈正相关(P＜0.05),与IL-17、IL-1β、TNF-α呈负相关(P＜0.05)。结论 支气管哮喘患儿外周血单个核细胞lncRNA XIST高表达,miR-124低表达,二者可能参与支气管哮喘疾病的发生发展。     

基于NF-κB通路探讨温经汤合琥珀散对寒凝血瘀型子宫内膜异位症大鼠的影响

[目的] 基于核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）通路及相关蛋白探讨温经汤合琥珀散对子宫内膜异位症（EMs）大鼠的影响。[方法] 将60只SPF级雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、孕三烯酮组与温经汤合琥珀散低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。除假手术组外,其余各组大鼠均采用冰水浴联合盐酸肾上腺素和自体内膜移植法建立寒凝血瘀证EMs大鼠模型,假手术组只开腹但不进行内膜移植。假手术组和模型组给予纯水;孕三烯酮组给予孕三烯酮（0.25mg/kg）每周灌胃2次（周一、周四）,灌胃4周;温经汤合琥珀散组分别给予低（9.69 g/kg）、中（19.38 g/kg）、高（38.75 g/kg）剂量的温经汤合琥珀散,连续灌胃4周。酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测各组大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平,检测各组大鼠的血液流变学、凝血功能。蛋白免疫印迹法检测各组大鼠子宫内膜组织中核转录因子-κB p65（NF-κB p65）、核转录因子-κB抑制蛋白α（IkBα）、核转录因子-κB激酶亚基β抑制因子（IKKβ）蛋白表达。[结果] 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β含量升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,血液流变学各项指标升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;凝血功能方面,模型组大鼠部分凝血活酶时间（TT）降低（P＜0.05）,纤维蛋白原（FIB）含量升高（P＜0.01）;蛋白免疫印迹法检测结果显示,NF-κB p65、IKKβ升高（P＜0.01）,IkBα表达降低（P＜0.05）。与模型组比较,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β表达降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组及孕三烯酮组大鼠血液流变学各项指标降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;凝血功能方面,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组及孕三烯酮组大鼠TT升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,FIB降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;蛋白免疫印迹法检测结果显示,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组大鼠NF-κB p65表达降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组及孕三烯酮组大鼠IKKβ表达降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组及孕三烯酮组大鼠IkBα表达升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。[结论] 温经汤合琥珀散可能通过阻断或抑制NF-κB信号通路活化及阻断异位组织增殖,从而缩小异位灶,调控EMs的发展,且可改善寒凝血瘀大鼠相关症状,疗效优于孕三烯酮。     

利多卡因治疗突聋伴发耳鸣的临床效果分析

目的 探究利多卡因治疗突聋伴发耳鸣患者的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2020年9月至2021年9月芜湖市第二人民医院耳鼻喉科收治的92例伴有耳鸣的突聋患者的临床资料,依据是否使用利多卡因治疗分为利多卡因组(n=38)和对照组(n=54),其中对照组患者进行常规药物治疗,利多卡因组加用利多卡因注射液静滴,2周的治疗疗程结束后比较两组患者听力和耳鸣的治疗有效率及听力提高的程度,采用生活质量评分量表调查治疗前后两组患者生活质量变化的差异。结果 利多卡因组治疗听力、耳鸣总有效率均高于对照组(86.84%比 68.52%、 84.21%比66.67%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗前,两组患者听力水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后, 两组患者听力水平均明显高于治疗前(P＜0.05),且利多卡因组听力提高程度高于对照组[(37.68±5.88)分比(24.06±4.05)分],差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗前两组患者生活质量评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,两组患者生活质量高于治疗前(P＜0.05),其中利多卡因组患者生活质量改善程度高于对照组[(31.76±7.29)分比(16.54±6.51)分],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 利多卡因可有效治疗突聋伴发耳鸣患者,提高临床疗效和患者听力水平,缓解患者耳鸣症状,提升生活质量。     

语义性痴呆患者的定量脑电图分析

目的： 探讨语义性痴呆（semantic dementia,SD）患者的脑电图量化分析特点。 方法： 选取SD患者9例和性别年龄匹配的正常人30例进行脑电图（electroencephalogram,EEG）检查。记录EEG检查结果,测量全脑、左额、右额、左前颞叶、右前颞叶、左中后颞、右中后颞、左中央、右中央、左顶、右顶、左枕、右枕区各频段（δ+θ）/（α+β）相对功率比（DTABR）。对2组DTABR值及视觉分析结果进行比较,同时观察SD组患者EEG双侧大脑脑电活动的对称性。 结果： 与正常对照组相比,SD患者慢波活动增多,DTABR值增大,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。SD患者左侧DTABR值高于右侧对应部位,以前颞叶明显不对称为著,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论： 定量EEG能够反映SD患者脑功能的变化,为理解SD的电生理学机制提供客观量化指标。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.