Ideal starting point and trajectory for C2 pedicle screw placement: a 3D computed tomography analysis using perioperative measurements

Background contextC2 pedicle screws provide stable fixation for posterior cervical fusion. Placing C2 pedicle screws is fraught with risks, and a misplaced screw can result in cortical breach of the pedicle, resulting in injury to the vertebral artery or spinal cord.PurposeWe sought to identify a reproducible starting point and trajectory for C2 pedicle screw placement using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) imaging. Our aims included identifying correct cephalad and mediolateral angles used for determining the most accurate trajectory through the C2 pedicle.Study designA radiographic analysis of the anatomy of the C2 pedicle using CT.Patient sampleA random sample of 34 cervical spine CT scans in patients without medical or surgical pathology of the cervical spine.Outcome measuresNormal anatomic measurements made in the axial and sagittal planes of the CT scans. Angles and measures in millimeters were recorded.MethodsThe C2 pedicles were evaluated using CT scanning with a 3D imaging application. The ideal trajectory through each pedicle was plotted. The mediolateral and cephalad angles were measured using the midline sagittal plane and the inferior vertebral body border as references. Other measurements made were the distances through the pedicle and vertebral bodies, and the surface distances along the laminae between the isthmus and the starting point of the chosen trajectories. Other measurements involving the height of the laminae were also made. The mean values, standard deviations, and intraobserver variations are presented.ResultsCT scans from 34 patients were reviewed. The sex of the patient did not predict angle measurements (p=.2038), so combined male and female patient measures are presented. The mean mediolateral angle measured was 29.2°, and the mean cephalad angle was 23.0°. The mean distance along the lamina surface between the isthmus and the starting point was 8.1 mm. The mean distance from the superior border of the lamina to the starting point was 5.7 mm. There were no statistically significant differences between the dataset collected in duplicate by the same observer (p=.74); as such, we present one data analysis on combined data from the two datasets collected.ConclusionIt is possible to determine an ideal trajectory through the C2 pedicle. These measurements may facilitate C2 pedicle screw fixation decreasing the risk of injury to the vertebral artery, spinal cord, or nerve roots. Delineating the individual anatomy in each case with imaging before surgery is recommended.     

后路寰椎侧块螺钉联合枢椎椎板钩内固定的生物力学稳定性

目的研究后路寰椎侧块螺钉联合枢椎椎板钩内固定的生物力学稳定性。方法取6例新鲜尸体颈椎标本,每具标本分别依次进行完整(正常组)、寰枢椎不稳(失稳组)、寰枢侧块螺钉联合枢椎椎弓根螺钉钉棒固定(Harms组)、寰椎侧块螺钉联合枢椎椎板钩固定(钉钩组)状态的生物力学测试,每组6个标本,将各标本装载在脊柱三维运动机上,分别施予1.5 N·m力矩,记录标本在前屈后伸、左右侧曲、左右旋转3个方向上的活动度(ROM),比较各组ROM。结果相对于正常组标本,失稳组标本在上述3个方向上的ROM显著增大;相较于正常和失稳组标本,Harms组和钉钩组的标本在上述3个方向上ROM显著减小;钉钩组与Harms组间在上述3个方向的ROM差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论后路寰椎侧块螺钉联合枢椎椎板钩内固定在生物力学稳定性上与Harms固定相似,可以起到良好的固定效果。     

导向器结合钉道内壁探查法在下颈椎椎弓根螺钉置入中应用研究

目的:探讨导向器结合钉道内壁探查法置入下颈椎弓根螺钉的技巧并评价其准确性及安全性。方法:2014年1月至2016年10月采用自行设计带角度仪导向器结合钉道内壁探查法对11例患者置入下颈椎椎弓根螺钉,其中男7例,女4例;年龄32~63岁,平均48.1岁;脊髓型颈椎病4例,颈椎骨折脱位4例,无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤1例,寰枢椎骨折脱位2例。术前CT测量出目标椎弓根直径、理想进钉点及矢状面夹角和横断面内倾角。术中使用自行设计带角度仪导向器严格控制进钉角度,结合探查钉道内壁作为安全置钉标志。术后观察患者有无脊髓及椎动脉损伤表现,复查CT评价椎弓根螺钉位置,并将螺钉准确性进行分级,计算螺钉优良率。结果:11例患者共置入71枚下颈椎弓根螺钉,均未出现手术所导致的脊髓及神经根损伤症状,亦无椎动脉损伤症状。术后CT评估螺钉位置并进行分级:0级52枚,1级13枚,2级4枚,3级2枚。螺钉位置良好率91%。6枚误置螺钉,内壁穿破4枚,2枚穿破外壁。结论:钉道内壁探查法置入下颈椎弓根螺钉安全可靠,但有一定的学习曲线。术中探查出钉道内壁及使用角度仪导向器控制进钉角度是置钉关键。     

Lamina-guided lateral mass screw placement in the sub-axial cervical spine

Lateral mass (LM) screws are commonly used in posterior instrumentation of the cervical spine because of their perceived safety over pedicle screws. A possible complication of cervical LM screw placement is vertebral artery injury or impingement. Several screw trajectories have been described to overcome the risks of neurovascular injury; however, each of these techniques relies on the surgeon’s visual estimation of the trajectory angle. As the reliability hereof is poorly investigated, alignment with a constant anatomical reference plane, such as the cervical lamina, may be advantageous. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether alignment of the LM screw trajectory parallel to the ipsilateral cervical lamina reliably avoids vertebral artery violation in the sub-axial cervical spine. 80 digital cervical spine CT were analysed (40 female, 40 male). Exclusion criteria were severe degeneration, malformations, tumour, vertebral body fractures and an age of less than 18 or greater than 80 years. Mean age of all subjects was 39.5 years (range 18–78); 399 subaxial cervical vertebrae (C3–C7) were included in the study. Measurements were performed on the axial CT view of C3–C7. A virtual screw trajectory with parallel alignment to the ipsilateral lamina was placed through the LM. Potential violation of the transverse foramen was assessed and the LM width available for screw purchase measured. There was no virtual violation of the vertebral artery of C3–C7 with lamina-guided LM screw placement. LM width available for screw purchase using this technique ranged from 5.2 to 7.4 mm. The sub-axial cervical lamina is a safe reference plane for LM screw placement. LM screws placed parallel to the ipsilateral lamina find sufficient LM width and are highly unlikely to injure the vertebral artery, even in bi-cortical placement. Placing LM screws parallel to the lamina appears favourable over conventional techniques.     

Posterior arch defects of the cervical spine: a comparison between absent pedicle syndrome and spondylolysis

Background contextAbnormalities of the posterior arch are rare entities that are usually found incidentally on neck radiographs. Their radiographic appearance may cause them to be confused with more serious entities such as fractures, locked facets, and tumor-induced bony erosions. It is important to distinguish these posterior arch abnormalities from the other entities because the treatment is very different.PurposePosterior arch defects of the cervical spine, including cervical spondylolysis and absent pedicle syndrome, occur rarely. In this case report, we describe three cases of posterior arch defects and present a review of the literature concerning the distinguishing features between spondylolysis and absent pedicle syndrome.Study designA case report and literature review of the posterior arch defects.MethodsTwo patients are presented who developed posterior neck pain after trauma. They had no neurologic deficits, but cervical radiographs suggested that they had a traumatic injury. Cervical spine computed tomography (CT) revealed absent pedicle syndrome and they were treated conservatively. Another patient is presented who developed worsening posterior neck pain and left shoulder pain. She had no history of significant neck injury. Cervical radiographs and CT showed bilateral spondylolysis of C6 vertebra and subluxation of C6 on C7. Because her symptoms were not relieved by conservative measures, we performed anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.ResultsWe treated two patients with absent pedicle syndrome by conservative measures and one patient with cervical spondylolyis by surgical treatment.ConclusionsPosterior arch defects were often confused with other disease entities. But, they have some distinctive features and such distinctive features may be helpful in confirming diagnosis and planning treatment. Furthermore, three-dimensional CT scan reconstruction provides comprehensive anatomic evaluation of the structures with an absent pedicle and the associated bony abnormalities.     

Value of intraoperative true lateral radiograph of C2 pedicle for C1-2 transarticular screw insertion.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Transarticular C1-2 screws are widely used in posterior cervical spine instrumentation. Injury to the vertebral artery during insertion of transarticular Cl-2 screw remains a serious complication. Use of a computer-assisted surgery system decreases this complication considerably. However, this system encounters problems in ensuring complete accuracy because of positional variations during preoperative and intraoperative imaging generation. Therefore, intraoperative fluoroscopy still is one of the commonly used methods to guide insertion of transarticular Cl-2 screw. Evaluation of a true lateral radiographic view of the C2 pedicle for screw trajectory during C1-2 transarticular screw insertion may help to minimize this potential complication. PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of intraoperative true lateral radiograph of the C2 pedicle for screw trajectory during C1-2 transarticular screw insertion. STUDY DESIGN: To compare the height of the C2 pedicle area allowing instrumentation on true lateral view radiograph of the C2 pedicle and computed tomographic (CT) scan with multiplanar reconstruction. METHODS: Twenty embalmed human cadaveric cervical spine specimens were used to insert a total of 40 C1-2 transarticular screws using Magerl and Seemann technique. One side of the C2 transverse foramen was filled with radiopaque material (lead oxide) to simulate the artery and to demarcate the danger zone for better visualization on radiography. Measurements and calculation of the mean and standard deviation of the height of the area allowing instrumentation of the C2 pedicle were done on true lateral view radiograph of the C2 pedicle, the sagittal and 30 degrees sagittal views relative to the frontal plane passing exactly through the center of the C2 pedicle of CT scans. Student t test was applied to calculate the statistical significance of measured values. Statistical significance was defined as por=.36. Using sagittal CT scan views, the height of pedicles was 7.71+/-0.7 mm (right) and 7.58+/-1.01 mm (left), p>or=.23. On 30 degrees sagittal CT scan views, the height of pedicles was 7.84+/-1.00 mm (right) and 7.76+/-1.02 mm (left), p>or=.27. The p value was >or=.78, >or=.56, and >or=.49 for true lateral radiographic view and sagittal CT scan view, true lateral radiographic view and 30 degrees sagittal CT scan view, and sagittal CT scan view and 30 degrees sagittal CT scan views, respectively. On lateral view of cervical spine, the decline angle of the transarticular screw was 51.3+/-0.50 degrees (right) and 50.68+/-0.41 degrees (left), p>or=.17. Mean decline angle was 51+/-0.43 degrees . On the anteroposterior (AP) view, radiograph median angle was 6.87+/-0.53 degrees (right) and 6.0+/-0.59 degrees (left), p>or=.25. Mean median angle was 6.44+/-0.62 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: True lateral radiographic views of the pedicles provide useful information for defining screw trajectory intraoperatively. Using this view along with AP and lateral view of cervical spine and preoperative three-dimensional CT scan may narrow the margin of error in this delicate area.     

Lag screw fixation of remote bilateral pedicle fractures of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae after a single gunshot wound: a case report and technical pearl

Background contextOf the injuries involving the lumbar spine, pedicle fractures are among the least common; those involving bilateral pedicles are rare.PurposeThe aims of the study were to provide the first documentation of bilateral pedicle fractures at two consecutive levels after a gunshot, to review the mechanism of injury, and to evaluate a nonfusion treatment option for pedicle fractures.Study designThis is a technical note and case report.Outcome measureThe outcome measures were lumbar range of motion, return of motor and sensory functions, and return to normal activities.MethodsA 20-year-old male sustained bilateral pedicle fractures at L4 and L5 with a massive dural tear, progressive neurologic deficits, and urinary incontinence. He underwent repair of the dural tear and lag screw fixation of the pedicle fractures without fusion.ResultsThe patient had full range of motion of his lumbar spine, full strength in his lower extremities, and bladder control.ConclusionsThis is the first report of bilateral multilevel lumbar pedicle fractures after a single penetrating gunshot wound. The case documents this injury pattern after a gunshot, reviews the mechanism of injury, and presents the successful application of a nonfusion treatment option.     

Facet joint violation after open and percutaneous posterior instrumentation: a comparative study

Purpose

Posterior instrumentation is the state-of-the-art surgical treatment for fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Options for pedicle screw placement comprise open or minimally invasive techniques. Open instrumentation causes large approach related muscle detachment, which minimally invasive techniques aim to reduce. However, concerns of accurate pedicle screw placement are still a matter of debate. Beside neurological complications due to pedicle screw malplacement, also affection of the facet joints and thus motion dependent pain is known as a complication. The aim of this study was to assess accuracy of pedicle screw placement concerning facet joint violation (FJV) after open- and minimally invasive posterior instrumentation.

Methods

A retrospective data analysis of postoperative computer tomographic scans of 219 patients (1124 pedicle screws) was conducted. A total of 116 patients underwent open screw insertion (634 screws) and 103 patients underwent minimally invasive, percutaneous screw insertion (490 screws).

Results

In the lumbar spine (segments L3, L4, L5), there were significantly more and higher grade (open = 0.55 vs. percutaneous = 1.2; p = 0.001) FJV’s after percutaneously compared to openly inserted screws. In the thoracic spine, no significant difference concerning rate and grade of FJV was found (p > 0.56).

Conclusion

FJV is more likely to occur in percutaneously placed pedicle screws. Additionally, higher grade FJV’s occur after percutaneous instrumentation. However, in the thoracic spine we didn’t find a significant difference between open and percutaneous technique. Our results suggest a precise consideration concerning surgical technique according to the fractured vertebrae in the light of the individual anatomic structures in the preop CT.

     

下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉固定系统的设计与运用

目的：研究下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉钢板系统运用的可行性,为临床使用提供依据。方法：对16具颈椎标本随机分割获得C3．4,C4加C5．6,C6,7各8个运动单元（functionalspinalunit,FSu）,共32个FSU。运用下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉钢板系统模拟植入重建FSU稳定性。测量钢板螺钉与椎体之间的适应性,运用X线摄片及CT扫描及重建评估下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉植入的准确性,对于穿破椎弓根的标本,解剖明确其累及周围组织的情况。结果：32个FSU共计植入下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉64枚,所有螺钉均顺利植入,无术中植入困难者。螺钉植入后与钢板螺钉孔之间的匹配程度好,未见难以锁紧的情况。钢板与椎体之间适应性良好。X线片提示所有64枚下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉植入位置满意,螺钉长短合适。CT横断位像提示共有6枚螺钉在下颈椎椎弓根穿出,2枚内侧皮质1度穿破,4枚1度外侧缘皮质穿破累及横突孔内侧缘,未见螺钉≥2度穿破椎弓根。2枚下颈椎前路椎弓根内侧皮质1度穿破的患者,解剖发现仅有椎管内椎弓根内侧的静脉丛累及,未见硬膜囊受压,未见神经根受累。4枚1度外侧缘穿破的患者有1枚横突孔内椎静脉的累及,未见椎动脉穿破累及的情况,但其中1枚螺钉紧换椎动脉而行。结论：下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉钢板系统适应下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉固定重建,有临床运用价值。     

The ipsilateral lamina–pedicle angle: can it be used to guide pedicle screw placement in the sub-axial cervical spine?

Pedicle screws in the sub-axial spine are infrequently used because of concerns over their safety and difficulty in placement, despite their superior pullout strength. In the sub-axial cervical vertebrae, we have observed that the lamina appears to project at right angles to the ipsilateral pedicle axis. The aim of this investigation was to confirm the lamina orientation as a reliable landmark for pedicle screw placement. 80 digital cervical spine CT were analysed. The angle formed by the ipsilateral outer lamina cortex to the pedicle axis was recorded. A total of 398 vertebrae were analysed from patients with a mean age of 39.5 years (range 18–78). Average axial lamina–pedicle angle ranged from 96.6° at C3 to 87.2° at C7 in males, and from 95.6° to 87.5° in females. The angle formed by the posterior cortex of the lamina and the ipsilateral pedicle shows a high level of consistency for sub-axial cervical vertebrae ranging from 96° at C3 to 87° at C7. Although the angle is not exactly 90° at all levels as hypothesised, the orientation of the lamina, nevertheless, forms a useful reference plane for insertion of pedicle screws in the sub-axial cervical spine.     

Conservative management of esophageal perforation after a fall

INTRODUCTIONEsophageal perforation in the setting of blunt trauma is rare, and diagnosis can be difficult due to atypical signs and symptoms accompanied by distracting injury.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe present a case of esophageal perforation resulting from a fall from height. Unexplained air in the soft tissues planes posterior to the esophagus as well as subcutaneous emphysema in the absence of a pneumothorax on CT aroused clinical suspicions of an injury to the aerodigestive tract. The patient suffered multiple injuries including bilateral first rib fractures, C6 lamina fractures, C4–C6 spinous process fractures, a C7 right transverse process fracture with associated ligamentous injury and cord contusion, multiple comminuted nasal bone fractures, and a right verterbral artery dissection. Esophageal injury was localized using a gastrograffin esophagram to the cervical esophagus and was most likely secondary to cervical spine fractures. Because there were no clinical signs of sepsis and the esophagram demonstrated a contained rupture, the patient was thought to be a good candidate for a trial of conservative management consisting of broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics, oral care with chlorhexadine gluconate, NPO, and total parenteral nutrition. No cervical spine fixation or procedure was performed during this trial of conservative management. The patient was received another gastrograffin esophagram on hospital day 14 and demonstrated no evidence of contrast extravasation.DISCUSSIONEarly diagnosis and control of the infectious source are the cornerstones to successful management of esophageal perforation from all etiologies. Traditionally, esophageal perforation relied on a high index of clinical suspicion for early diagnosis, but the use of CT scan for has proved to be highly effective in diagnosing esophageal perforation especially in patients with atypical presentations. While aggressive surgical infection control is paramount in the majority of esophageal perforations, a select subset of patients can be successfully managed non-operatively.CONCLUSIONIn the setting of blunt trauma, esophageal perforation is rare and is associated with a high morbidity. In select patients who do not show any clinical signs of sepsis, contained perforations can heal with non-operative management consisting of broad spectrum antibiotics, strict oral hygiene, NPO, and total parenteral nutrition.     

The Feasibility of Translaminar Screws in the Subaxial Cervical Spine: Computed Tomography and Cadaveric Validation

BackgroundThe use of translaminar screws may serve as a viable salvage method for complicated cases. To our understanding, the study of the feasibility of translaminar screw insertion in the actual entire subaxial cervical spine has not been carried out yet. The purpose of this study was to report the feasibility of translaminar screw insertion in the entire subaxial cervical spine.MethodsEighteen cadaveric spines were harvested from C3 to C7 and 1-mm computed tomography (CT) scans and three-dimensional reconstructions were created to exclude any bony anomaly. Thirty anatomically intact segments were collected (C3, 2; C4, 3; C5, 3; C6, 8; and C7, 14), and randomly arranged. Twenty-one segments were physically separated at each vertebral level (group S), while 9 segments were not separated from the vertebral column and left in situ (group N–S). CT measurement of lamina thickness was done for both group S and group N–S, and manual measurement of various length and angle was done for group S only. Using the trajectory proposed by the previous studies, translaminar screws were placed at each level. Screw diameter was the same or 0.5 mm larger than the proposed diameter based on CT measurement. Post-insertion CT was performed. Cortical breakage was checked either visually or by CT.ResultsWhen 1° and 2° screws of the same size were used, medial cortex breakage was found 13% and 33% of the time, respectively. C7 was relatively safer than the other levels. With larger-sized screws, medial cortex breakage was found in 47% and 46% of 1° and 2° screws, respectively. There were no facet injuries due to the screws in group N–S.ConclusionsTranslaminar screw insertion in the subaxial cervical spine is feasible only when the lamina is thick enough to avoid any breakage that could lead to further complications. The authors do not recommend inserting translaminar screws in the subaxial cervical spine except in some salvage cases in the presence of a thick lamina.     

术中三维C型臂实时透视导航辅助颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入

目的 探讨术中三维C型臂实时透视导航在颈椎椎弓根螺钉植入手术中的应用.方法 在导航下行颈椎椎弓根螺钉固定术22例,其中颈椎骨折9例,颈椎肿瘤4例,颈椎滑脱失稳6例,颈椎病3例.术后进行CT扫描,评估螺钉位置.结果 导航下22例共植入112枚颈椎椎弓根螺钉.术后CT椎弓根位置扫描:A级,107枚(95.5%);B级,3枚;C级,1枚;D级,1枚.术后临床无脊髓、神经和椎动脉损伤.结论 术中三维C型臂实时透视导航系统可以准确引导颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入.     

术中三维C型臂实时透视导航辅助颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入

目的 探讨术中三维C型臂实时透视导航在颈椎椎弓根螺钉植入手术中的应用.方法 在导航下行颈椎椎弓根螺钉固定术22例,其中颈椎骨折9例,颈椎肿瘤4例,颈椎滑脱失稳6例,颈椎病3例.术后进行CT扫描,评估螺钉位置.结果 导航下22例共植入112枚颈椎椎弓根螺钉.术后CT椎弓根位置扫描:A级,107枚(95.5%);B级,3枚;C级,1枚;D级,1枚.术后临床无脊髓、神经和椎动脉损伤.结论 术中三维C型臂实时透视导航系统可以准确引导颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入.     

术中三维C型臂实时透视导航辅助颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入

目的 探讨术中三维C型臂实时透视导航在颈椎椎弓根螺钉植入手术中的应用.方法 在导航下行颈椎椎弓根螺钉固定术22例,其中颈椎骨折9例,颈椎肿瘤4例,颈椎滑脱失稳6例,颈椎病3例.术后进行CT扫描,评估螺钉位置.结果 导航下22例共植入112枚颈椎椎弓根螺钉.术后CT椎弓根位置扫描:A级,107枚(95.5%);B级,3枚;C级,1枚;D级,1枚.术后临床无脊髓、神经和椎动脉损伤.结论 术中三维C型臂实时透视导航系统可以准确引导颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入.     

术中三维C型臂实时透视导航辅助颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入

目的 探讨术中三维C型臂实时透视导航在颈椎椎弓根螺钉植入手术中的应用.方法 在导航下行颈椎椎弓根螺钉固定术22例,其中颈椎骨折9例,颈椎肿瘤4例,颈椎滑脱失稳6例,颈椎病3例.术后进行CT扫描,评估螺钉位置.结果 导航下22例共植入112枚颈椎椎弓根螺钉.术后CT椎弓根位置扫描:A级,107枚(95.5%);B级,3枚;C级,1枚;D级,1枚.术后临床无脊髓、神经和椎动脉损伤.结论 术中三维C型臂实时透视导航系统可以准确引导颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入.     

术中三维C型臂实时透视导航辅助颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入

目的 探讨术中三维C型臂实时透视导航在颈椎椎弓根螺钉植入手术中的应用.方法 在导航下行颈椎椎弓根螺钉固定术22例,其中颈椎骨折9例,颈椎肿瘤4例,颈椎滑脱失稳6例,颈椎病3例.术后进行CT扫描,评估螺钉位置.结果 导航下22例共植入112枚颈椎椎弓根螺钉.术后CT椎弓根位置扫描:A级,107枚(95.5%);B级,3枚;C级,1枚;D级,1枚.术后临床无脊髓、神经和椎动脉损伤.结论 术中三维C型臂实时透视导航系统可以准确引导颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入.     

术中三维C型臂实时透视导航辅助颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入

目的 探讨术中三维C型臂实时透视导航在颈椎椎弓根螺钉植入手术中的应用.方法 在导航下行颈椎椎弓根螺钉固定术22例,其中颈椎骨折9例,颈椎肿瘤4例,颈椎滑脱失稳6例,颈椎病3例.术后进行CT扫描,评估螺钉位置.结果 导航下22例共植入112枚颈椎椎弓根螺钉.术后CT椎弓根位置扫描:A级,107枚(95.5%);B级,3枚;C级,1枚;D级,1枚.术后临床无脊髓、神经和椎动脉损伤.结论 术中三维C型臂实时透视导航系统可以准确引导颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入.     

术中三维C型臂实时透视导航辅助颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入

目的 探讨术中三维C型臂实时透视导航在颈椎椎弓根螺钉植入手术中的应用.方法 在导航下行颈椎椎弓根螺钉固定术22例,其中颈椎骨折9例,颈椎肿瘤4例,颈椎滑脱失稳6例,颈椎病3例.术后进行CT扫描,评估螺钉位置.结果 导航下22例共植入112枚颈椎椎弓根螺钉.术后CT椎弓根位置扫描:A级,107枚(95.5%);B级,3枚;C级,1枚;D级,1枚.术后临床无脊髓、神经和椎动脉损伤.结论 术中三维C型臂实时透视导航系统可以准确引导颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入.     

术中三维C型臂实时透视导航辅助颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入

目的 探讨术中三维C型臂实时透视导航在颈椎椎弓根螺钉植入手术中的应用.方法 在导航下行颈椎椎弓根螺钉固定术22例,其中颈椎骨折9例,颈椎肿瘤4例,颈椎滑脱失稳6例,颈椎病3例.术后进行CT扫描,评估螺钉位置.结果 导航下22例共植入112枚颈椎椎弓根螺钉.术后CT椎弓根位置扫描:A级,107枚(95.5%);B级,3枚;C级,1枚;D级,1枚.术后临床无脊髓、神经和椎动脉损伤.结论 术中三维C型臂实时透视导航系统可以准确引导颈椎椎弓根螺钉的植入.